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Clostridium difficile [1 record]

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Alphabetical list of terms

Record 1 2012-02-15

English

Subject field(s)
  • Microbiology and Parasitology
  • Bowels
DEF

An obligate anaerobic or microaerophilic, Gram-positive, spore-forming, rod-shaped bacillus that is one of the most common causes of infection of the large bowel (colon).

OBS

C. difficile is now recognized as the chief cause of nosocomial (hospital-acquired) diarrhea. ... Patients taking antibiotics are at risk of becoming infected with C. difficile as antibiotics disrupt the normal bacteria of the bowel and allow C. difficile bacteria to become established in the colon. ... Many persons infected with C. difficile bacteria have no symptoms; these people become carriers of the bacteria and can infect others. In other people, a toxin produced by C. difficile causes diarrhea, abdominal pain, severe inflammation of the colon (colitis), fever, an elevated white blood count, vomiting and dehydration.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Microbiologie et parasitologie
  • Intestins
DEF

Bactérie constituée de bacilles à Gram positif, anaérobies stricts, sporulés et agent de la colite pseudomembraneuse.

OBS

Chez les nouveau-nés et chez les jeunes enfants, les pathologies à Clostridium difficile sont rares alors que le portage de souches toxinogènes existe et que la concentration en toxines dans les selles peut être comparable à celle des adultes malades. [...] Chez les adultes, la situation est totalement différente et Clostridium difficile est principalement responsable de colites pseudomembraneuses et de diarrhées consécutives à une prise d'antibiotiques. Dans la très grande majorité des cas les maladies à Clostridium difficile sont donc des maladies iatrogènes et notamment des maladies nosocomiales. Les antibiotiques agissent en perturbant la composition des flores intestinales et en permettant la colonisation de l'intestin par des souches endogènes ou plus fréquemment exogènes. À l'exception des aminosides administrés par voie parentérale, pratiquement tous les antibiotiques peuvent favoriser la survenue d'une infection à Clostridium difficile.

Spanish

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