TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An amplifier in which the output load is in the cathode circuit of an electronic tube and the input is applied between the control grid and the far end of the cathode load.  2, record 1, English, - cathode%20follower

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cathode follower: term standardized by IEEE.  2, record 1, English, - cathode%20follower

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

cathode follower circuit: term standardized by the International Electrotechnical Commission.  2, record 1, English, - cathode%20follower

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 OBS

This type of amplifier has a voltage gain less than unity; it has a high input impedance and a low output impedance; input and output signals are in phase.  2, record 1, English, - cathode%20follower

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Equivalent transistorized amplifiers are called: emitter follower (pnp and npn transistors) and source follower (FETs).  2, record 1, English, - cathode%20follower

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Montage amplificateur dans lequel le signal de sortie est prélevé sur l'impédance cathodique du tube, le signal d'entrée étant appliqué entre la grille de commande et la masse.  2, record 1, French, - montage%20cathodyne

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

montage à cathode asservie : terme normalisé par la CEI.  2, record 1, French, - montage%20cathodyne

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le montage cathodyne est caractérisé par son impédance d'entrée élevée et sa faible impédance de sortie; les signaux d'entrée et de sortie ne sont pas déphasés et le gain en tension est inférieur à un.  2, record 1, French, - montage%20cathodyne

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tipo de amplificador intermedio o compensador que emplea una válvula termoiónica, en el que el potencial del cátodo "sigue" al de la rejilla.  2, record 1, Spanish, - seguidor%20cat%C3%B3dico

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An amplifier attached to one or more analog output channels, that adapts the output signal range of the digital-to-analog converter to the signal level necessary to control the technical process.  2, record 2, English, - analog%20output%20channel%20amplifier

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

If there is a common digital-to-analog converter in the subsystem, the amplifier performs the function of a sample-and-hold device.  2, record 2, English, - analog%20output%20channel%20amplifier

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

analog output channel amplifier : designation and definition standardized by ISO and the International Electrotechnical Commission; designation standardized by the Canadian Standards Association(CSA).  3, record 2, English, - analog%20output%20channel%20amplifier

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Amplificateur placé sur une ou plusieurs voies de sortie analogique, et servant à adapter la gamme des signaux de sortie du convertisseur numérique-analogique au niveau des signaux qui commandent le processus technique.  2, record 2, French, - amplificateur%20de%20sortie%20analogique

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Si le sous-système dispose d'un convertisseur numérique-analogique commun à plusieurs voies, l'amplificateur joue le rôle d'un échantillonneur bloqueur.  2, record 2, French, - amplificateur%20de%20sortie%20analogique

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

amplificateur de sortie analogique : désignation et définition normalisées par l'ISO et la Commission électrotechnique internationale; désignation normalisée par l'Association canadienne de normalisation (CSA).  3, record 2, French, - amplificateur%20de%20sortie%20analogique

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An electronic amplifier designed to provide, within the limits of its normal operating characteristics, a single output pulse for each input pulse.  3, record 3, English, - pulse%20amplifier

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A pulse amplifier, or pulsed amplifier, is designed to amplify RF [radiofrequency] pulses generated by an electrical device without altering its waveform. Pulse amplifiers strengthen signals to high levels of power with their unique power output method, which alternates between intensely pulsating power and producing no output at all at a rapid rate.  2, record 3, English, - pulse%20amplifier

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Amplificateur électronique destiné à fournir dans les limites de ses caractéristiques normales de fonctionnement une seule impulsion de sortie pour chaque impulsion d'entrée.  2, record 3, French, - amplificateur%20d%27impulsions

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Amplificador electrónico que dentro de los límites de sus características normales de funcionamiento, suministra un solo pulso de salida por cada pulso de entrada.  3, record 3, Spanish, - amplificador%20de%20impulsos

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An air pressure amplifier is an air pump that is driven by part of the incoming compressed air supply enabling it to cycle and pump the balance of the supply to a higher output pressure. Pressure is generated by the use of a differential area piston assembly.  2, record 4, English, - air%20pressure%20amplifier

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

air pressure amplifier: term extracted from the “Glossaire de l’énergie nucléaire” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  3, record 4, English, - air%20pressure%20amplifier

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A noninverting amplifier is an amplifier for which the output signal is in phase with the input signal.  1, record 5, English, - noninverting%20amplifier

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le montage amplificateur de tension sans inversion peut, tout comme l'amplificateur inverseur, faire appel à un pont diviseur de sortie.  1, record 5, French, - amplificateur%20de%20tension%20sans%20inversion

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A self-acting device which maintains the output of a radio receiver or amplifier substantially constant within relatively narrow limits while the input voltage varies over a wide range.  3, record 6, English, - automatic%20volume%20control

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In FM receivers, this device is called the automatic gain control (agc) because, unlike the AM receiver, the volume at the output is not directly related to the incoming signal strength.  4, record 6, English, - automatic%20volume%20control

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Dans un récepteur AM] Dispositif qui permet d'obtenir une puissance d'écoute indépendante des variations de propagation dues au fading.  2, record 6, French, - commande%20automatique%20de%20volume

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To bring intermodulation to an acceptable level, the transponder output amplifier has to be operated well below its maximum power.  1, record 7, English, - transponder%20output%20amplifier

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour que l'intermodulation soit ramenée à un niveau acceptable, il est nécessaire d'exploiter l'amplificateur de sortie du répondeur bien en deçà de sa puissance maximum.  1, record 7, French, - amplificateur%20de%20sortie%20du%20r%C3%A9pondeur

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the gain of the amplifier is equal to the feedback resistance divided by the input resistance. The minus sign indicates that the output is 180 ° out of phase with the input, and for this reason is called an "inverting amplifier".  3, record 8, English, - inverting%20amplifier

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les quatre causes d'erreur dans le calcul de gain dans un amplificateur de tension inverseur. Ces causes d'erreur se retrouvent [...] dans les autres configurations du schéma [...]  2, record 8, French, - amplificateur%20inverseur

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Amplificador con un voltaje de salida que es equivalente a la magnitud de la entrada, pero de signo opuesto.  2, record 8, Spanish, - amplificador%20de%20inversi%C3%B3n

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A motor-driven turntable, pickup arm, and stylus, for converting the signals impressed onto a phonograph record into a corresponding voltage.  3, record 9, English, - record%20player

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This voltage is then applied to an amplifier (usually contained within the record player cabinet) for amplification and conversion to sound waves.  3, record 9, English, - record%20player

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

electric phonograph : Defined... as a phonograph in which the turntable is driven by an electric motor and the output of the pickup is fed to an a-f amplifier and loudspeaker.  4, record 9, English, - record%20player

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 3 OBS

The terms "phonograph" and "gramophone" refer to the mechanically or electrically driven machine with incorporated amplifying unit.  4, record 9, English, - record%20player

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Appareil de lecture de disque comprenant platine, tête de lecture et éventuellement amplificateur, haut-parleur.  5, record 9, French, - tourne%2Ddisque

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

électrophone : Ce terme est défini par l'AFNOR comme un «ensemble électroacoustique compact composé d'une platine tourne-disques, d'un amplificateur, et d'un ou plusieurs haut-parleurs qui peuvent être détachables».  6, record 9, French, - tourne%2Ddisque

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

phonographe : Désigne surtout les anciennes machines mécaniques.  6, record 9, French, - tourne%2Ddisque

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 3 OBS

pick-up : [...] le langage courant [...] a adopté les termes tourne-disque et même pick-up pour désigner l'électrophone lui-même [...]. On notera que ces termes s'emploient surtout lorsqu'il s'agit de petits électrophones portatifs.  4, record 9, French, - tourne%2Ddisque

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Pluriel : des tourne-disques.  7, record 9, French, - tourne%2Ddisque

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 5 OBS

tourne-disques (pl.) : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  8, record 9, French, - tourne%2Ddisque

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the amplifier output signal is of sine-wave character(0. 5 to 2 percent), the instantaneous peak power is 1. 414 times the rms value of the sine wave. As power is proportional to voltage squared, the instantaneous peak power is 1. 414², or twice the sine-wave power.  2, record 10, English, - sinewave%20power

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

These terms are effectively used to refer to continuous output power.  3, record 10, English, - sinewave%20power

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] la puissance efficace sinusoïdale [...] se mesure en injectant à l'entrée d'un amplificateur de puissance, une fréquence de 1000 Hz et en chargeant la sortie de cet amplificateur avec une résistance de 4 ou de 8, ou de 16 ohms [...]  2, record 10, French, - puissance%20sinuso%C3%AFdale

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The short-term power available from an amplifier for the reproduction of program material. The music power output exceeds the rms power rating to a greater or lesser extent. Its measurement is standardized by the Institute of High Fidelity(IHF) and represents a practical means of stating the actual capabilities of an amplifier for the reproduction of program material.  2, record 11, English, - music%20power%20output

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This concept has been replaced in the new IHF standard (IHF-A-202, 1978) with that of "dynamic headroom rating". (cf. AUDIO 62(6), 1978, p. 32).  5, record 11, English, - music%20power%20output

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Puissance d'un amplificateur qui se calcule en fonction de la dynamique (...). Soit, le rapport entre les pianissimo et fortissimo. La puissance moyenne se situant entre les deux et en admettant un certain taux de distorsion (la moyenne audible d'un taux de distorsion est de 5%!), affectant les fortissimo sur un temps très court (pratiquement inaudible), on trouve une puissance musicale supérieure d'environ 20% à 30% à la puissance efficace.  1, record 11, French, - puissance%20musicale

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On a proposé dans une nouvelle norme IHF (1978) de remplacer cette notion par celle de la capacité de surcharge en dB d'un ampli. (cf. NOSON, 22, 1978, p. 276).  2, record 11, French, - puissance%20musicale

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The highest average output power into a rated load, regardless of distortion.  2, record 12, English, - maximum%20output

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In Great Britain, "power capacity" is defined as being that level of power at which waveform clipping begins to develop, while "maximum output power" is defined as "the maximum measured output power(as opposed to "rated output power" :"the power that the manufacturer claims") that the amplifier can deliver continuously to a stated load resistance at a frequency of 1000 Hz without exceeding a specified value of harmonic distortion"(cf. EAAUD, 1972, p. 36, and BSI-3860 : 1965, p. 6). Maximum power output "is commonly taken as the power yield prior to the onset of waveform clipping or when the THD(=total harmonic distortion) is at a specified value".(cf. EAAUD, 1972, p. 13).  4, record 12, English, - maximum%20output

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Il est généralement admis qu'il s'agit de la puissance d'un amplificateur dont les caractéristiques maximales sont altérées jusqu'à la limite de l'audible. Ce qui permet malheureusement à quelques constructeurs (d'une oreille à l'autre!) de pouvoir «interpréter».  1, record 12, French, - puissance%20maximale

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

«Puissance maximale» s'emploie en fait avec des nuances différentes selon le contexte, en fonction de critères définis et des dispositifs considérés. Par exemple, «puissance admissible» (q.v.) dans RESON, HS, 1976, p. 186.  1, record 12, French, - puissance%20maximale

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A resistance, equal to the modulus of the impedance of the normal load, that is connected to the output of an amplifier during its tests thus replacing the normal load.  2, record 15, English, - artificial%20load

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In stereo application, the establishment of the correct relative polarity in the connection between amplifier output and speakers so that one speaker tends to reinforce rather than cancel the output of the other(particularly evident at low frequencies).  2, record 16, English, - phasing

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En pratique c'est le bon raccordement entre les amplificateurs de puissance et les enceintes acoustiques et le bon raccordement entre eux des haut-parleurs d'une même enceinte. Le but étant de moduler de la même manière [...] toutes les bobines mobiles [...] des haut-parleurs. Il faut en effet que toutes les membranes [...] des haut-parleurs, recevant de l'amplificateur un même signal, exécutent leur mouvement dans le même sens.  1, record 16, French, - mise%20en%20phase

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An amplifier in which a part of the output signal is returned to the system and combined with the input signal.  2, record 17, English, - feedback%20amplifier

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Amplificador que usa el principio de retroalimentación para ejecutar operaciones en las señales usando alguna función de la señal de salida como parte de la señal de entrada.  1, record 17, Spanish, - amplificador%20de%20retroalimentaci%C3%B3n

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pole-zero cancellation(Tail cancellation) … we approximated the preamp output pulse as a step function, however, in a real preamp pulse, the falling tail is a long exponential decay instead of a simple step function. Consequently, there is a small amplitude undershoot starting at about 7τ. This undershoot decays back to baseline with the long time constant of the preamplifier. At medium to high counting rates, a substantial fraction of the amplifier output pulses will ride on the undershoot from a previous pulse. The apparent pulse amplitudes measured for these pulses will be significantly lower, which deteriorates the energy resolution. Most shaping amplifiers incorporate a pole-zero cancellation circuit to eliminate this undershoot. The benefit of pole-zero cancellation is improved peak shapes and resolution in the energy spectrum at high counting rates.  1, record 18, English, - %20pole%2Dzero%20cancellation%20circuit

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Circuit de compensation du passage à zéro (PZC : Pole Zero Cancellation) : parce que le signal d’entrée n’est pas rigoureusement un signal marche mais décroît lentement, le signal unipolaire va couper la ligne de base puis regagner celle-ci avec les constantes de temps du préamplificateur (des ms [millisecondes]). Au lieu de partir de la ligne de base, un signal va donc débuter sur la queue d’un signal précédent, c’est-à-dire sur une valeur légèrement négative. Son amplitude mesurée par rapport à la ligne de base est un peu trop faible et cela va se traduire par un élargissement des pics du côté des basses énergies.  1, record 18, French, - circuit%20de%20compensation%20du%20passage%20%C3%A0%20z%C3%A9ro

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The demodulator circuit which extracts the picture information from the amplitude-modulated intermediate frequency in a television receiver.  2, record 19, English, - video%20detector

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The video detector can be directly coupled to the video amplifier, or a coupling condenser can be used to block the d-c level of the detector's output signal.  3, record 19, English, - video%20detector

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour une porteuse-son modulée en fréquence par un signal de basse fréquence, la fréquence du battement obtenu varie en fonction du signal modulant. Pour extraire ce dernier, il suffit d'utiliser un circuit discriminateur de phase ou de rapport. Le signal de battement peut être prélevé immédiatement après le détecteur vidéo ou après l'amplificateur pour vidéofréquences.  1, record 19, French, - d%C3%A9tecteur%20vid%C3%A9o

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An oscillator in which a network having a phase shift of an odd multiple of 180 °(per stage) at the oscillation frequency is connected between the output and input of an amplifier. When the phase shift is obtained by resistance-capacitance elements, the circuit is called an RC phase-shift oscillator.  2, record 20, English, - phase%20shift%20oscillator

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A single-stage electron-tube amplifier circuit whose output load is connected between cathode and ground, the signal voltage being applied between the grid and the cathode.  2, record 21, English, - bootstrap%20circuit

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

bootstrap circuit: term standardized by IEEE.  2, record 21, English, - bootstrap%20circuit

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Bootstrap circuit and bootstrap amplifier could also be applied to transistorised versions, but their French equivalents can only apply to tube circuits.  2, record 21, English, - bootstrap%20circuit

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Amplificateur à un étage à tube électronique dans lequel la tension d'entrée est appliquée entre grille et cathode et la tension de sortie est recueillie entre la cathode et le pôle négatif à la masse de l'alimentation anodique.  2, record 21, French, - montage%20auto%2D%C3%A9l%C3%A9vateur%20cathodique

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En français, ces termes ne s'appliquent qu'aux circuits à tubes.  1, record 21, French, - montage%20auto%2D%C3%A9l%C3%A9vateur%20cathodique

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An electronic amplifier whose output quantity represents the input current(or voltage), even when the frequency of this current(or voltage) approaches zero.  4, record 22, English, - direct%2Dcurrent%20amplifier

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

D.C. amplifiers often use the "direct-coupled" configuration.  4, record 22, English, - direct%2Dcurrent%20amplifier

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

direct-current amplifier: term standardized by IEC and IEEE.  4, record 22, English, - direct%2Dcurrent%20amplifier

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Amplificateur électronique dont la grandeur de sortie représente l'évolution du courant (ou de la tension) d'entrée, même quand la fréquence de ce courant (ou de cette tension) tend vers zéro.  1, record 22, French, - amplificateur%20pour%20courant%20continu

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

amplificateur pour courant continu : terme normalisé par la CEI.  1, record 22, French, - amplificateur%20pour%20courant%20continu

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Ces amplificateurs sont souvent à couplage direct.  1, record 22, French, - amplificateur%20pour%20courant%20continu

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 3 OBS

amplificateur à courant continu : Le Grand Dictionnaire Encyclopédique Larousse qualifie cette expression d'impropre parce que tous les amplificateurs électroniques sont forcément alimentés en courant continu.  1, record 22, French, - amplificateur%20pour%20courant%20continu

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The attenuation that occurs from the radio frequency output terminal to the radio frequency input terminal of an amplifier tube under operating conditions.  2, record 23, English, - operating%20loss

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Affaiblissement qui se produit entre les connexions de sortie radiofréquence et les connexions d'entrée radiofréquence d'un tube amplificateur, dans les conditions en fonctionnement.  2, record 23, French, - perte%20d%27exploitation

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Comparer à système d'exploitation.  1, record 23, French, - perte%20d%27exploitation

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A pulse amplifier providing an amplified output pulse only for that portion of an input signal which exceeds a predetermined threshold value.  1, record 24, English, - biased%20pulse%20amplifier

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Amplificateur d'impulsions qui fournit une impulsion de sortie amplifiée seulement pour la partie de chaque signal d'entrée qui excède un seuil prédéterminé.  1, record 24, French, - amplificateur%20d%27impulsions%20%C3%A0%20seuil

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An electronic amplifier providing an output signal whose amplitude is proportional to the input charge signal.  1, record 25, English, - charge%20amplifier

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An amplifier employing a feedback in which a portion of the output is fed back 180º out of phase with the input thus decreasing and stabilizing the amplification.  2, record 26, English, - negative%2Dfeedback%20amplifier

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Comparer à rétroaction positive.  1, record 26, French, - amplificateur%20%C3%A0%20r%C3%A9action%20n%C3%A9gative

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

a single stage amplifier whose output load is connected between the negative end of the anode supply and the cathode. The signal voltage is applied between the grid and the cathode.  1, record 27, English, - bootstrap%20amplifier

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio of the output voltage of a differential amplifier to the differential-mode input voltage.  3, record 28, English, - differential%2Dmode%20gain

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rapport exprimé en décibels, entre la tension à la sortie d'un amplificateur différentiel et la tension appliquée entre ses deux entrées.  1, record 28, French, - gain%20diff%C3%A9rentiel

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Variación de la ganancia o amplificación frente a los cambios de amplitud de la señal de entrada.  1, record 28, Spanish, - ganancia%20diferencial

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Nuclear radiation detector. ] Pile-Up Rejection. If two pulses arrive within the so-called measurement time(peaking time) the output pulse will have a distorted amplitude. The pile-up rejector circuit is used to prevent the measurement of these distorted pulses. The pile-up rejector is implemented by adding a fast pulse-shaping amplifier with a very short shaping time constant in parallel with the slow spectroscopy amplifier.  1, record 29, English, - pile%2Dup%20rejector%20circuit

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Détecteur de rayonnements nucléaires.] Circuit anti-empilement […] : si le temps séparant deux événements est plus court que la durée du signal en sortie d’amplificateur, ces deux signaux vont s’empiler. Pour réduire ce phénomène, on peut diminuer les constantes de temps mais on élargit la bande passante et on diminue le rapport signal/bruit. Par ailleurs avec des constantes de temps qui ne seraient plus assez grandes devant le temps de montée du signal issu du pré-amplificateur, le défaut balistique n’est plus constant. Le rôle du circuit anti-empilement est de rejeter le signal si un deuxième événement survient dans un temps inférieur à la durée de l’impulsion.  1, record 29, French, - circuit%20anti%2Dempilement

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The single-axis inertial platform... The angular motions of the controlled member are sensed by the single-axis gyro. The output signal of the gyro is electronically processed and fed to the torque motor(TM) of the stable element and to the torque generator(TG) of the gyro. The problem is to determine how to do the electronic processing so that the controlled member maintains its orientation in spite of disturbances. The voltage across the output signal generator(SG) of the gyroscope is proportional to the integral of the angular velocity of the controlled member about the gyroscope's input axis. Consequently, this signal is fed to an amplifier and then to a motor, which drives the controlled member in the proper direction to null the ouptut of the gyroscope.  1, record 30, English, - output%20signal%20generator

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

signal generator: A source of electrical signals, whose characteristics, e.g. waveform, frequency, voltage, etc. can be fixed or controlled within specified limits.  3, record 30, English, - output%20signal%20generator

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

générateur de signaux : Source de signaux électriques dont les caractéristiques (forme d'onde, fréquence, tension, etc.) peuvent être réglées à des valeurs fixes, ou à des valeurs variables dans des limites spécifiées.  2, record 30, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur%20du%20signal%20de%20sortie

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An integratable driver circuit for driving a power semiconductor, comprising at least one internal amplifier circuit whose output can be connected to an external power semiconductor. In order to limit the switching speed of the output flow, a feedback input which is connected to the input of the amplifier circuit is provided, enabling the load voltage at the output of the power semiconductor to be fed back to the input of the amplifier circuit. A signal limiting circuit is also provided in the feedback branch.  1, record 31, English, - signal%20limiting%20circuit

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'invention concerne un circuit d'attaque intégrable servant à exciter un semi-conducteur de puissance et comprenant au moins un circuit amplificateur interne dont la sortie peut être reliée à un semi-conducteur de puissance externe. L'invention vise à limiter la vitesse de commutation du courant de sortie. À cet effet, le circuit selon l'invention comprend une entrée de réinjection qui est reliée à l'entrée du circuit amplificateur et qui sert à réinjecter une tension de charge à la sortie du semi-conducteur de puissance dans l'entrée du circuit amplificateur. Un circuit de limitation de signal est également prévu dans la branche de réinjection.  2, record 31, French, - circuit%20limiteur%20de%20signal

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Total neutron counting accepts all pulses arising from neutron reactions(events) in the sensitive volume of a detector. No attempt is made to isolate events that occur nearly simultaneously as is done in coincidence counting... All detector events producing an amplifier output pulse with an amplitude greater than a threshold set by the integral discriminator are counted for a set time in a scaler.  1, record 32, English, - total%20neutron%20counting

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Détection de l'ensemble des neutrons émis par [un] contaminant indépendamment de leur origine : fissions spontanées, réactions ([alpha], n) [...]  1, record 32, French, - comptage%20neutronique%20total

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Constant-current modulation [is] a system of amplitude modulation in which the output circuits of the signal amplifier and carrier-wave generator or amplifier are directly and conductively coupled by a common inductor. The inductor has an ideally infinite impedance to the signal frequencies and therefore maintains the common plate-supply current of the two devices constant. The signal-frequency voltage thus appearing across the common inductor also modulates the plate supply to the carrier generator or amplifier, with corresponding modulation of the carrier output.  5, record 33, English, - constant%2Dcurrent%20modulation

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Modulación de amplitud por el ánodo en la cual los tubos modulador y modulado se alimentan en paralelo mediante la misma fuente anódica permaneciendo constante la suma de las corrientes anódicas de los dos tubos.  1, record 33, Spanish, - modulaci%C3%B3n%20por%20choque

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[The] operation of an active device in which the bias and signal amplitude are so chosen that output current flows throughout each cycle of input signal (assumed sinusoidal), i.e. the angle of flow is 360°.  3, record 34, English, - class%2DA%20operation

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Class-A operation. Class-A amplifier operation is characterized by a conduction period of the output current(collector or drain) of 360°. That is, the operating point is chosen to have a constant voltage and current. In effect, the amplifier power is on all the time. This is referred to as linear operation. By operating in the linear region of the transistor's characteristics, the amplified signal suffers minimum distortion. This comes at a price of inefficiency in the amplifier. The theoretical maximum possible efficiency of a class-A amplifier is 50%, but due to linearity requirements of the applications, the efficiency may be no more that 25%.  4, record 34, English, - class%2DA%20operation

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An ideal amplifier will pass the input signal through to the output undistorted but enlarged(gain set by user), with no delay. It will not be affected by the output impedance of the source(sensor). In addition the ideal amplifier will be able to drive any load : supply any current.  1, record 35, English, - ideal%20amplifier

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ideal amplifier: term standardized by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).  2, record 35, English, - ideal%20amplifier

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

amplificateur idéal : terme normalisé par la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI).  2, record 35, French, - amplificateur%20id%C3%A9al

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It is not unusual to find in a well-designed amplifier that the music power output is 10 to 30 percent higher than for the sine-wave power condition.  2, record 36, English, - sine%2Dwave%20condition

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans les deux groupes d'expériences (réponse aux chocs et au régime sinusoïdal) nous mettons en évidence certaines propriétés constituant, en quelque sorte, «la signature individuelle» d'un bras de lecture.  1, record 36, French, - r%C3%A9gime%20sinuso%C3%AFdal

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For a VSWR [voltage standing wave ratio] of 5. 83 : 1, the maximum voltage on the input transmission line is 1. 707 times the matched output voltage of the amplifier.  1, record 37, English, - matched%20output%20voltage

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

matched output voltage: term standardized by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).  2, record 37, English, - matched%20output%20voltage

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tension de sortie adaptée : terme normalisé par la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI).  1, record 37, French, - tension%20de%20sortie%20adapt%C3%A9e

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A radio frequency circuit includes a radio frequency signal source which produces a radio frequency signal, a power amplifier which power amplifies the radio frequency signal from the radio frequency signal source, and a control unit which controls an output power of the power amplifier.  1, record 38, English, - radio%20frequency%20circuit

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cette invention concerne des procédés et des systèmes assurant dans un système de communication sans fil le filtrage de paquets en direction de l'abonné mobile. Ce filtrage repose au moins en partie sur des informations concernant le circuit de radiofréquence.  1, record 38, French, - circuit%20de%20radiofr%C3%A9quence

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An amplifier-based system having pulsed output includes an amplifier for amplifying a time varying voltage signal to produce an output voltage signal. A voltage-to-current(V-1) converter converts the output voltage signal into a current signal. An output stage including a current integrator integrates the current signal to generate an integrated voltage. An amplitude to time converter generates a pulse train from the integrated voltage, wherein a timing of the pulses in the pulse train represents the original time varying voltage signal. The pulse train representation permits transmission and accurate remote reconstruction of the original time varying voltage signal, such as signals generated by electrodes implanted inside a subject, including neural signals.  2, record 39, English, - amplitude%2Dto%2Dtime%20converter

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Type of parametric amplifier which is characterized by the frequency of the output signal being greater than the frequency of the input signal.  2, record 40, English, - up%2Dconverter

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dispositivo que aumenta la frecuencia de una señal recibida.  1, record 40, Spanish, - convertidor%20ascendente

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the grounded-grid amplifier were a perfect amplifier, a bent signal would be amplified bent. However, the grounded-grid amplifier, like all amplifiers, is not perfect; it bends just as much as the cathode follower does. Now, do the two circuits bend in the same direction or opposite directions? Since the common-cathode produces such a clean output, the answer can only be that they bend in opposite directions, so the grounded-grid amplifier undoes the cathode follower's twist of the signal by twisting in the other direction.  1, record 41, English, - grounded%2Dgrid%20amplifier

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Qu'est-ce qu'un amplificateur à grille à la masse (grounded grid)? Un amplificateur dans lequel le tube final est attaqué par la cathode et dont la grille est mise à la masse du point de vue HF (haute fréquence).  1, record 41, French, - amplificateur%20%C3%A0%20grille%20%C3%A0%20la%20masse

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An amplifier consisting of a grounded-cathode input stage that drives a grounded-grid output stage; advantages include high gain and low noise; widely used in television tuners.  3, record 42, English, - cascode%20amplifier

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cascode amplifier: Term standardized by the International Electrotechnical Commission.  1, record 42, English, - cascode%20amplifier

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Permettant d'utiliser des triodes en vue de réduire le bruit de fond, le cascode est souvent utilisé dans [...] des récepteurs de télévision ou de modulation de fréquences.  2, record 42, French, - amplificateur%20cascode

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 2 OBS

amplificateur cascode : Terme normalisé par la Commission électrotechnique internationale.  1, record 42, French, - amplificateur%20cascode

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Amplificador de dos etapas que consiste en una etapa de cátodo a tierra que alimenta el cátodo de una rejilla a tierra de la cual se toma el ánodo de salida.  1, record 42, Spanish, - amplificador%20%C2%ABcascode%C2%BB

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bridgeable Amplifiers. Amplifier bridging is simply using 2 channels of an amplifier to drive a common load. For 2 channel amplifiers, one left signal and one right signal is used to drive a mono speaker load. Keep in mind that "mono" and "bridging" are not necessarily the same. Mono means that there's only one output signal. There could be more than one speaker but each speaker will have the same output. Bridging means that you are using more than one source of power to drive a load(speaker). The sources of power are one each output from either channel of the amplifier.  1, record 43, English, - bridgeable%20amplifier

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Amplificateur stéréo ayant la capacité de combiner les canaux gauche et droit afin d'obtenir une sortie unique, plus puissante.  4, record 43, French, - amplificateur%20compatible

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The faithful reproduction of the amplitude of an audio signal [namely from a loudspeaker or an amplifier], specifically, variations in output level of less than one decibel above or below a median level over the entire audio spectrum.  1, record 44, English, - flat%20response

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 2 DEF

A system which has the same gain at all frequencies of interest will yield a graph of the gain versus frequency that will be linear.  1, record 44, English, - flat%20response

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Capacité d'un haut-parleur ou d'un amplificateur à reproduire de manière uniforme tous les points de la bande de fréquence, sans crevasses ou crêtes lorsqu'elle a pour référence l'entrée d'origine.  2, record 44, French, - r%C3%A9ponse%20uniforme

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An electronic circuit which provides the input for another electronic circuit, especially the amplifier stage preceding the output stage of a transmitter or receiver.  2, record 45, English, - driver

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Étage amplificateur fournissant la puissance nécessaire au fonctionnement d'un étage suivant.  2, record 45, French, - %C3%A9tage%20d%27attaque

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'étage dit d'attaque assure la mise en forme des impulsions de commande de l'étage final. En association avec une diode de récupération, il fournit le courant en dents de scie nécessaire à la déviation horizontale du faisceau cathodique.  3, record 45, French, - %C3%A9tage%20d%27attaque

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Noise in the output of an amplifier, originating in the amplifier itself.  1, record 46, English, - amplifier%20noise

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ruido en la salida de un amplificador originado en el amplificador mismo.  1, record 46, Spanish, - ruido%20del%20amplificador

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Power amplifier linearization is employed in a variety of microwave communication systems. It is an effective method that results in significantly higher output power operation for the power amplifier. Without Linearization, system constraints, such as intermodulation noise, spectrum spreading and BER performance, make it necessary to operate the power amplifier in a backed off mode.  2, record 47, English, - backed%2Doff%20mode

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An amplifier which is meant to operate on the linear portion of its characteristic curve(between cutoff and saturation). Thus every instantaneous value of the output is controlled by the input. Theoretically this eliminates all distortion and self-oscillations.  2, record 48, English, - linear%20amplifier

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Linear amplifiers are used as DC amplifiers, audio amplifiers, measuring instrument amplifiers, radio-frequency amplifiers in single-sideband transmitters, etc. They are also used in analogue computers.  2, record 48, English, - linear%20amplifier

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Amplificateur qui fonctionne sur la partie linéaire de sa pente caractéristique (entre les points de coupure et de saturation). Ainsi chaque valeur instantanée de la sortie correspond précisément à une valeur particulière du signal d'entrée, ce qui a pour effet d'éliminer, idéalement, toute distorsion et toute oscillation autonome.  2, record 48, French, - amplificateur%20lin%C3%A9aire

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les amplificateurs linéaires servent souvent comme amplificateurs pour courant continu, comme amplificateurs dans les appareils de mesure, comme amplificateurs radiofréquences dans les émetteurs à bande latérale unique, etc. On les utilise également dans les ordinateurs analogiques.  2, record 48, French, - amplificateur%20lin%C3%A9aire

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A preamplifier output via which the interconnect cable connects to an external power amplifier.  1, record 49, English, - pre%2Dout

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

If a receiver or integrated amplifier is equipped with a pre-out, you can bypass the internal power amp stage and go off-board to a stand-alone amplifier, or bi-amp.  1, record 49, English, - pre%2Dout

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] à l'arrière d'un intégré, sorties en liaison directe avec le pré-amplificateur.  3, record 49, French, - sortie%20pre%20out

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On contourne alors la section amplificatrice de l'appareil. Sur certains produits, ces prises sont reliées aux entrées libellées «Amp In» au moyen de cavaliers. Le retrait de ces cavaliers permet de passer à la bi-amplification par exemple, ou bien encore d'utiliser des amplificateurs externes plus puissants, mais rend alors totalement inutiles ceux de l'intégré.  3, record 49, French, - sortie%20pre%20out

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Handgrip Dynamometer(HGD) is a stowable hand held device capable of measuring instantaneous hand strength as a function of time. The principle components of the HGD are a handgrip, instrumentation amplifier, and associated cables. Dynamic voltage representing instantaneous hand strength is taken from the output of the instrumentation amplifier and sent to a laptop computer or to a data acquisition system for data manipulation, display, correlation with other data sources, and/or storage.  2, record 50, English, - handgrip%20dynamometer

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

handgrip dynamometer; HGD: term and abbreviation officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).  3, record 50, English, - handgrip%20dynamometer

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La mesure de la force d'un astronaute est l'un des paramètres fondamentaux utilisés pour évaluer ses performances physiques et l'effet de l'impesanteur pendant les missions spatiales prolongées. Sous contrat de l'Agence spatiale européenne, une société a développé un système pour mesurer la force de la main et celle du pouce, utilisé lors d'expériences embarquées. Le système se compose d'un dynamomètre [HGD) et d'un dynamomètre de force de pincement (PFD) ainsi que d'une unité de connexion pour raccorder l'équipement à l'alimentation (28VCC) et à un ordinateur.  2, record 50, French, - dynamom%C3%A8tre%20%C3%A0%20poign%C3%A9e

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 2 OBS

dynamomètre à poignée; HGD : terme et abréviation uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).  3, record 50, French, - dynamom%C3%A8tre%20%C3%A0%20poign%C3%A9e

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Dynamomètre à poignée et à pince HGD/PFD.  3, record 50, French, - dynamom%C3%A8tre%20%C3%A0%20poign%C3%A9e

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Pinch Force Dynamometer(PFD) is a stowable hand held device capable of measuring instantaneous strength of the thumb and opposing finger or groupings of fingers as a function of time. The principle components of the PFD are a pinch force transducer, instrumentation amplifier, and associated cables. Dynamic voltage representing instantaneous finger(s) pinch strength as a function of time is taken from the output of the instrumentation amplifier and sent to a laptop computer or to a data acquisition system for data manipulation, display, correlation with other data sources, and/or storage.  2, record 51, English, - pinch%20force%20dynamometer

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pinch force dynamometer; PFD: term and abbreviation officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).  3, record 51, English, - pinch%20force%20dynamometer

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La mesure de la force d'un astronaute est l'un des paramètres fondamentaux utilisés pour évaluer ses performances physiques et l'effet de l'apesanteur pendant les missions spatiales prolongées. Sous contrat de l'Agence spatiale européenne, une société a développé un système pour mesurer la force de la main et celle du pouce, utilisé lors d'expériences embarquées. Le système se compose d'un dynamomètre de poigne de la main (HGD) et d'un dynamomètre de force de pincement (PFD) ainsi que d'une unité de connexion pour raccorder l'équipement à l'alimentation (28Vcc) et à un ordinateur.  1, record 51, French, - dynamom%C3%A8tre%20de%20force%20de%20pincement

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dynamomètre de force de pincement; PFD: terme et abréviation uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).  2, record 51, French, - dynamom%C3%A8tre%20de%20force%20de%20pincement

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An unwanted low-frequency noise originating from mains-driven equipment and comprising harmonics of the mains frequency.  3, record 52, English, - hum

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The sound may be radiated directly from components such as mains transformers or may be caused by ripple on the DC supply to an amplifier or receiver and heard in the output of loudspeakers or headphones.  3, record 52, English, - hum

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bruit parasite plus ou moins perceptible superposé aux sons émis par le haut-parleur d'un récepteur radio ou un amplificateur BF alimenté par le secteur et dû à l'ondulation résiduelle du courant redressé utilisé pour l'alimentation de l'appareil.  5, record 52, French, - bourdonnement

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Efecto producido por una señal de frecuencia baja, provocada en general por inclusiones debidas a los dispositivos de alimentación electrónica.  1, record 52, Spanish, - zumbido