TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Condition experienced while in free-fall, in which the effect of gravity is cancelled by the inertial (e.g. centrifugal) force resulting from orbital flight.  7, record 1, English, - weightlessness

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In an orbiting spacecraft, zero gravity is experienced as weightlessness.  7, record 1, English, - weightlessness

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A condition of apparent absence of an acceleration field. This may be experienced during unopposed acceleration at that rate imposed by the gravitational field (e.g. free fall in a vacuum or within a closed vessel), when the gravitational force is countered by an equal and opposite force (as in orbital flight) or during flight at escape velocity. Partial simulation is commonly conducted by immersion in a liquid of specific gravity close to that of the body.  6, record 1, English, - weightlessness

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

État d'un corps tel que l'ensemble des forces gravitationnelles et inertielles auxquelles il est soumis possède une résultante et un moment résultant nuls.  7, record 1, French, - impesanteur

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L'impesanteur, dans le domaine de l'astronautique comme dans tout autre, est l'état d'un corps tel que l'ensemble des forces gravitationnelles et inertielles auxquelles il est soumis possède une résultante et un moment résultant nuls. L'impesanteur [...] est donc le phénomène ressenti en l'absence de pesanteur. L'impesanteur n'est donc pas provoquée par l'éloignement de la Terre ou de tout autre corps céleste attractif : l'accélération due à la gravité à une hauteur de 100 km par exemple n'est que de 4 % moindre qu'à la surface de la Terre. En réalité, l'impesanteur est ressentie lorsque l'accélération subie égale la gravité, ce qui recouvre aussi le cas où le champ de gravité serait nul, ce qui n'arrive pas puisque l'influence de la gravité est partout dans l'Univers.  8, record 1, French, - impesanteur

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On ne devrait parler de microgravité que très loin de la Terre, ou bien aux points de Lagrange où les champs de gravité « s'annulent », entre Terre et Lune par exemple.  8, record 1, French, - impesanteur

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Se define ingravidez como el estado en el que un cuerpo tiene peso nulo. El motivo por el cual el peso se hace nulo es que la fuerza gravitatoria sea contrarrestada por la fuerza centrífuga (en un sistema de referencia solidario con el cuerpo) o por alguna fuerza de igual intensidad que el peso, pero que actúe en la dirección opuesta.  1, record 1, Spanish, - ingravidez

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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In 1966, Luna 10, the first spacecraft to orbit the moon, was launched by the USSR from an Earth orbiting platform.... The scientific instruments on board included a gamma-ray spectrometer, triaxial magnetometer, and a meteorite detector. Other instruments investigated the solar-plasma, infrared emissions from the Moon, radiation conditions of the lunar environment and gravitational studies.  2, record 2, English, - meteorite%20detector

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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Les instruments scientifiques embarqués [à bord de la sonde Luna 10] comprenaient : un spectromètre à rayons gamma opérant dans la bande d'énergie 0,3 à 3 MeV; un magnétomètre trois axes; un détecteur de météorites; un instrument destiné à l'étude du plasma solaire; des équipements pour mesurer les émissions infra-rouge de la Lune et les conditions radiatives de l'environnement lunaire.  2, record 2, French, - d%C3%A9tecteur%20de%20m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orites

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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The first in a series of 8 successfully launched Orbiting Solar Observatories(OSO 1) was launched on 7 March 1962. The 200 kg spacecraft had a 9-sided spinning wheel section 1. 2 m in diameter joined onto a fan-shaped sail section.  2, record 3, English, - fan%2Dshaped%20sail%20section

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any equipment or cargo carried by a spacecraft or launch vehicle or mounted on an orbiting space platform or space station.  2, record 4, English, - payload

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In terms of the mass budget, the term payload also includes the crew of a manned spacecraft. For unmanned spacecraft, the term is used to differentiate between equipment concerned directly with the spacecraft’s application (the payload) and that which supports the operation of that payload (the subsystems contained within the service module).  2, record 4, English, - payload

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

payload: term officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).  3, record 4, English, - payload

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Élément ou ensemble d'éléments que peut transporter un véhicule spatial et qui est destiné à remplir une mission déterminée.  2, record 4, French, - charge%20utile

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La notion de charge utile varie selon les points de vue; ainsi ce terme peut s'appliquer à un satellite par rapport au lanceur qui le porte, ou bien au bloc expérimental embarqué sur un satellite par rapport à ce satellite. Dans un engin spatial d'observation ou de sondage, la charge utile comporte généralement plusieurs instruments.  2, record 4, French, - charge%20utile

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

D'un point de vue budgétaire, la charge utile comprend l'équipage d'un véhicule spatial habité. Lorsqu'il s'agit d'un véhicule non habité, le terme désigne alors l'ensemble des équipements nécessaires au fonctionnement du véhicule et de la charge utile elle-même, c'est-à-dire les sous-systèmes du module de service.  3, record 4, French, - charge%20utile

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 OBS

charge utile : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR) et par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie spatiale (CUTS).  3, record 4, French, - charge%20utile

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Charge utile en bande S.  3, record 4, French, - charge%20utile

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

De un satélite.  2, record 4, Spanish, - carga%20%C3%BAtil

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

On an image, changes in shape and position of objects with respect to their true shape and position, causes are not related to the sensor.  4, record 5, English, - image%20distortion

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An image distortion [is] caused by the fact that a tall object might be perceived by the orbiting spacecraft as being closer than an adjacent lower object. In image processing, the tall object might be mistakenly placed at a ground location which is closer than the low object, though in truth the ordering is opposite.  1, record 5, English, - image%20distortion

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

image distortion: term officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).  5, record 5, English, - image%20distortion

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sur une image, modification de forme et de position des objets relativement aux points représentatifs du terrain, et dont la cause est extérieure au capteur.  3, record 5, French, - distorsion%20d%27image

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La courbure de la Terre et la réfraction atmosphérique qui provoquent une altération de la reconstitution de la gerbe perspective, sont considérées, de ce fait, comme des causes de distorsion de l'image.  1, record 5, French, - distorsion%20d%27image

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

distorsion d'image : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR).  3, record 5, French, - distorsion%20d%27image

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A limited period of time during which the launch of a particular spacecraft may be undertaken.  2, record 6, English, - launch%20window

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For launches into Earth orbit the main constraints are the desired orbit, the point of injection into that orbit, and the possibility of a collision with other orbiting spacecraft or orbital debris. For launches to interplanetary trajectories, the time of launch is constrained by the relative positions of the planets, at the time of both launch and encounter(i. e. the spacecraft must be aimed at a point in space that the planet will have reached by the time of encounter). A spacecraft launched outside the launch window would require more propellant and/or more time to reach its target.  2, record 6, English, - launch%20window

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

There are also geometric windows (e.g., restrictions in launch azimuth).  3, record 6, English, - launch%20window

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

launch window: term officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).  4, record 6, English, - launch%20window

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Intervalle de temps pendant lequel le lancement [d'un engin spatial] permettant de réaliser une mission donnée peut-être effectué à tout instant.  3, record 6, French, - fen%C3%AAtre%20de%20lancement

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fenêtre de lancement : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR).  4, record 6, French, - fen%C3%AAtre%20de%20lancement

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The project, named Gravity Research Mission(GRM), was to map the Earth's gravity and magnetic fields using to drag-free spacecraft orbiting in polar orbit at very low altitude. The project disappeared in 1987.  1, record 7, English, - Gravity%20Research%20Mission

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A device which makes use of a planet’s magnetic field to stabilise a satellite.  4, record 8, English, - magnetotorquer

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The angular momentum of a tumbling orbiting satellite is changed to reduce the spinning of the spacecraft such that the spacecraft can operate in an essentially stabilized condition. The change in spin rate is accomplished by the development of a magnetic torque by commutation of magnetic air coils in response to Earth sensor signals controlled by spacecraft logic. The coils are disposed to produce magnetic dipoles transverse to the satellite spin axis such that by interacting with the Earth's magnetic field a torque is developed in a direction opposite the spin vector. The logic selects the proper magnetic dipole based upon data from sensors detecting the presence of the Earth for the development of the desired magnetic torque.  5, record 8, English, - magnetotorquer

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

magnetotorquer: term officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (ROAG).  6, record 8, English, - magnetotorquer

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dispositif qui utilise le champ magnétique d'une planète pour stabiliser un satellite.  2, record 8, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur%20de%20couple%20magn%C3%A9tique

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

générateur de couple magnétique : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR).  2, record 8, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur%20de%20couple%20magn%C3%A9tique

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The launch limits at Vandenberg are 201 and 158 degrees. At a 201-degree launch azimuth, the spacecraft would be orbiting at a 104-degree inclination. Zero degrees would be due north of the launch site, and the orbital trajectory would be within 14 degrees east or west of the north-south pole meridian.  2, record 9, English, - launch%20azimuth

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

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Ceci est dû à l'azimut de tir plus défavorable vis-à-vis de la performance lanceur (84º au lieu de 92º - origine vers le Nord, +90º vers l'est - pour cette mission, le lanceur se dirige en début de vol légèrement vers le nord, alors qu'il doit rejoindre l'équateur). Le choix de l'azimut de tir est imposé par les contraintes de la sauvegarde en début de vol, qui sont elles-mêmes dépendantes des vents moyens à la date du tir.  3, record 9, French, - azimut%20de%20tir

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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Among the myriad stars of our Galaxy, a handful are observed regularly emitting pulses of X-rays.... The pulsing X-rays are detected with instruments on spacecraft orbiting above the Earth's atmosphere... The same material that produces the X-ray pulsations also cause the neutron stars to spin faster or slower so much can be learned about the details of the accretion process or the neutron star by monitoring its changes in pulse frequency, which measures the rotation rate.  2, record 10, English, - X%2Dray%20pulsation

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The SOLar STellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE) is a NASA project that provides the scientific community with long-term, accurate measurements of the Solar ultraviolet (UV) and far ultraviolet (FUV) radiation.  3, record 11, English, - solar%2Fstellar%20irradiance%20comparison%20experiment

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The first generation SOLSTICE instrument, UARS SOLSTICE, is currently orbiting the Earth onboard the UARS spacecraft and makes daily solar irradiance measurements...  4, record 11, English, - solar%2Fstellar%20irradiance%20comparison%20experiment

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Conical Earth Sensor(CES) is a scanning horizon sensor used to gather attitude information on orbiting spacecraft. The most common application utilizes one or more CESs to provide pitch and roll attitude data for 3-axis stabilized orbiting spacecraft. The CES, a robust and a versatile sensor, can be used from low Earth orbit to above geosynchronous orbits, as well as during transfer orbits.  2, record 12, English, - scanning%20horizon%20sensor

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Inside an orbiting spacecraft a "microgravity" environment exists in which the acceleration of objects and persons relative to their surroundings is reduced to the level of micro g's...  2, record 13, English, - microgravity%20environment

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Even in a gravity gradient attitude, accelerations caused by crew movements, equipment operations, and occasional thruster firings can disrupt the quiescent low-gravity environment and may affect microgravity science experiments. Accelerations at particular frequencies may interrupt one type of experiment but have no effect on others. These accelerations are measured at fractions of Earth’s gravity; for instance, 10~ g is equal to 1/100,000 of the gravity on Earth.  3, record 13, English, - microgravity%20environment

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

microgravity environment: term officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).  4, record 13, English, - microgravity%20environment

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Vibratory microgravity environment.  4, record 13, English, - microgravity%20environment

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un environnement en microgravité offre aux scientifiques une occasion unique de contrôler les phénomènes liés à la gravité. De plus, en microgravité, le traitement sans contenant peut être pratiqué sur de plus gros échantillons, car les force acoustiques et électromagnétiques utilisées pour manipuler ne sont pas dominées par la gravité.  2, record 13, French, - environnement%20en%20microgravit%C3%A9

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

environnement en microgravité : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).  3, record 13, French, - environnement%20en%20microgravit%C3%A9

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Returning to the Earth involves the problem of decreasing the spacecraft's great speed. To do this, an orbiting spacecraft uses small rockets to redirect its flight path into the upper atmosphere. This action is called de-orbit. A spacecraft returning to the Earth from the moon or from another planet also aims its path to skim the upper atmosphere. Air resistance then provides the rest of the necessary deceleration(speed reduction).  1, record 14, English, - air%20resistance

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

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Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The scientific objective of POLO [Polar Orbiting Lunar Observatory] is to make a complete global survey of the Moon's physical and chemical properties using two spacecraft, one in low-altitude polar orbit about the Moon, the other in high-altitude lunar orbit. The basic payload of the Orbiter would contain X-and gamma-ray spectrometers, a multispectral stereo imaging system, a reflectance spectrometer, an altimeter, a magnetometer and an alpha-particle detector.  1, record 15, English, - reflectance%20spectrometer

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish