TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Brassicas such as canola and kale are grown in many regions, mainly as a cash crop. But over recent years they have been used... to produce silage. Brassicas are typically only used as backup forage, where drought conditions have caused the regular silage crops to fail or drastically reduced yields.  1, record 1, English, - silage%20crop

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The abnormally dry category... corresponds to an area experiencing short-term dryness that is typical with the onset of drought. This type of dryness can slow crop growth and elevate fire risk to above average. This level also refers to areas coming out of drought, which have lingering water deficits and pastures or crops that have not fully recovered. It is also important to note that scientists only consider [these] areas to be dry, and they are not necessarily experiencing drought conditions.  2, record 2, English, - abnormally%20dry

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[…] représente une situation qui survient une fois tous les 3 à 5 ans.  2, record 2, French, - s%C3%A9cheresse%20anormale

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As regional climate systems are playing an essential role in the global equilibrium of the planet and are conditioning the living conditions of the populations inhabiting the inter-tropical belt, the monsoons are a privileged subject of study at the intersection of several disciplinary fields. This is especially true for the West African monsoon(WAM) associated with a severe drought for the past 30 years, with significant consequences for key resources as water, agriculture, and health.  2, record 3, English, - West%20African%20monsoon%20system

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

C'est dans la partie ouest du continent africain qu'il existe une mousson bien marquée, la mousson d'Afrique de l'Ouest (MAO).  1, record 3, French, - mousson%20d%27Afrique%20de%20l%27Ouest

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les précipitations de la mousson ouest-africaine sont très variables dans le temps et dans l'espace, quelles que soient les échelles considérées, locales ou régionales, diurnes, intrasaisonnières ou interannuelles.  3, record 3, French, - mousson%20d%27Afrique%20de%20l%27Ouest

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tolerance of plants to low water availability would involve physiological changes that allow the plant to survive the low water contents.... Cotton plants show some capacity to acclimate to low water conditions(tolerance) ;if they are watered daily, leaves wilt when they reach 90% relative water content(i. e. they lose 10% of their maximum water content). Genetically identical cotton grown under field conditions(drier) will wilt at 85% relative water content. This represents acclimation, and is called drought hardening by farmers.  3, record 4, English, - drought%20hardening

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Drought hardening of the potato plant as an after-effect of soil drought conditions at planting.  4, record 4, English, - drought%20hardening

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Drought that occurs after weed emergence toughens or hardens plants. Weed response to severe drought stress includes leaf cuticle thickening, reduced vegetative growth, and rapid flowering.  5, record 4, English, - drought%20hardening

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les modifications correspondant à l'endurcissement à la sécheresse chez les végétaux peu ou pas xérophiles constituent des xéromorphoses. Elles sont accompagnées de modifications du métabolisme, dont une conséquence écologique importante est une meilleure efficience de l'eau.  2, record 4, French, - endurcissement%20%C3%A0%20la%20s%C3%A9cheresse

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «sècheresse».  3, record 4, French, - endurcissement%20%C3%A0%20la%20s%C3%A9cheresse

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sècheresse : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  4, record 4, French, - endurcissement%20%C3%A0%20la%20s%C3%A9cheresse

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A range of [techniques], including traditional breeding techniques, that alter living organisms, or parts of organisms, to make or modify products; improve plants or animals; or develop microorganisms for specific agricultural uses.  9, record 5, English, - agricultural%20biotechnology

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Applications : improving crop yield; decreasing requirement for crop inputs like water, fertilizer etc. ;pest resistance incorporation; herbicide tolerance incorporation; tolerance to environmental stresses like drought, acidic or salty soil conditions, cold, heat, etc. ;improving productivity; improving nutritional value; improving shelf life.  3, record 5, English, - agricultural%20biotechnology

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Modern [agricultural] biotechnology today includes the tools of genetic engineering.  9, record 5, English, - agricultural%20biotechnology

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Biotechnologie [comprenant] les nouvelles techniques de la biologie moléculaire et de ses applications génétiques [ainsi que] diverses technologies tellesque la manipulation et le transfert de gènes, le typage de l’ADN et le clonage de gènes végétaux et animaux.  4, record 5, French, - biotechnologie%20agricole

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des entreprises de biotechnologie agricole utilisent la modification génétique de plantes et d'animaux pour combattre les défis croissants que représentent la sécheresse et la malnutrition et pour réduire l'impact environnemental de l'agriculture.  5, record 5, French, - biotechnologie%20agricole

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les biotechnologies vertes s’appliquent aux domaines de l’agriculture et de l’agroalimentaire.  4, record 5, French, - biotechnologie%20agricole

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Catfacing is a tomato disorder that causes fruits to become distorted and puckered; bands of tan scar tissue run across the surface. Symptoms are often most pronounced at the blossom end. It occurs when conditions such as cold weather(below 55ºF), hot weather(above 85ºF), or drought interfere with flower and fruit development.  3, record 6, English, - catface

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Certain conditions that occur during bloom disturb the normal growth of the tomato flower, resulting in catfaced fruit.  4, record 6, English, - catface

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Maladie non parasitaire [...] causée par le développement anormal du pistil de la fleur à la suite de conditions climatiques défavorables au cours de la floraison.  3, record 6, French, - face%20de%20chat

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'état connu sous le nom de face de chat [...] survient le plus souvent au moment de la formation des premiers fruits. Il se produit parfois en serre, mais le plus souvent au champ. Cet état résulte d'un développement anormal du pistil de la fleur. De graves perturbations de la croissance au moment de la floraison, par exemple, un temps frais prolongé, sont, croit-on, à l'origine de la face de chat.  3, record 6, French, - face%20de%20chat

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] cicatriz leñosa pistilar: los tomates con esta fisiopatía carecen normalmente de forma y presentan grandes cicatrices y agujeros en el extremo pistilar del fruto. En ocasiones, el fruto tiene forma arriñonada con largas cicatrices. Una de las causas es el clima frío, la poda también puede incrementar este tipo de deformación bajo ciertas condiciones y los niveles altos de nitrógeno pueden agravar el problema.  1, record 6, Spanish, - cicatriz%20le%C3%B1osa%20pistilar

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In this manner, the tax deferral program is targeted at those farmers most severely disadvantaged by drought conditions.  2, record 7, English, - drought%20conditions

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Term usually used in the plural.  3, record 7, English, - drought%20conditions

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ainsi, le programme de report d'impôt profite aux agriculteurs qui ont été les plus durement frappés par les conditions de sécheresse.  2, record 7, French, - conditions%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme habituellement utilisé au pluriel.  3, record 7, French, - conditions%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An index used to gage the severity of drought conditions by using a water balance equation to track water supply and demand.  7, record 8, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Palmer Index was developed by Wayne Palmer in the 1960s and uses temperature and rainfall information in a formula to determine dryness. It has become the semi-official drought index. The Palmer Index is most effective in determining long term drought-a matter of several months-and is not as good with short-term forecasts (a matter of weeks). It uses a 0 as normal, and drought is shown in terms of minus numbers; for example, minus 2 is moderate drought, minus 3 is severe drought, and minus 4 is extreme drought. ... The Palmer Index can also reflect excess rain using a corresponding level reflected by plus figures; i.e., 0 is normal, plus 2 is moderate rainfall, etc.  8, record 8, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) ... compares the actual amount of precipitation received in an area during a specified period with the normal or average amount expected during that same period. It was developed to measure lack of moisture over a relatively long period of time and is based on the supply and demand concept of a water balance equation. Included in the equation are amount of evaporation, soil recharge, and runoff and temperature and precipitation data.  9, record 8, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 3 CONT

PALMER DROUGHT INDEX [is] a long-term meteorological drought severity index produced by the NOAA/USDA (Department of Agriculture) Joint Agricultural Weather Facility [that] depicts prolonged times, as in months or years, of abnormal dryness or wetness [over large regions]. It responds slowly, changing little from week to week, and reflects long-term moisture runoff, recharge, and deep percolation, as well as evapotranspiration.  10, record 8, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 4 CONT

Literature describing the suite of indices for measuring drought that are collectively known as "PDI"; including the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index (PHDI) ...  5, record 8, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Palmer Index has long been used by the agriculture community to anticipate the potential effects of weather on crop development and yield.  11, record 8, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Palmer Drought Index [is] published periodically by the Joint Agricultural Weather Facility.  11, record 8, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 3 OBS

... this [PDSI] index is calculated weekly by the National Weather Service [(United States)].  7, record 8, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il est donc évident que les États-Unis reçoivent plus de pluies, plutôt que l'inverse. Cela peut se vérifier en examinant les indices hydrologiques, tels que l'indice Palmer de gravité de sécheresse qui mesure à la fois les sécheresses et les précipitations extrêmes.  5, record 8, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20de%20Palmer

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

De nombreux indices de sécheresse ont été élaborés pour tenter de combiner les divers paramètres influant sur les sécheresses en un chiffre unique. À titre d'exemple, citons l'indice de précipitation cumulative, fondé sur un paramètre unique, celui des précipitations, et l'indice Palmer de gravité de sécheresse, plus complexe, basé sur une analyse en profondeur du bilan des eaux superficielles et une comparaison entre les valeurs réelles et les valeurs possibles compte tenu du climat.  6, record 8, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20de%20Palmer

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «sècheresse».  7, record 8, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20de%20Palmer

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sècheresse : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  8, record 8, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20de%20Palmer

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Stress on plant due to lack of water.  2, record 9, English, - drought%20stress

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Young primary leaves from rye show freezing tolerance when subjected to both drought stress and cold acclimation conditions whereas barley and oat leaves are much less tolerant after drought stress exposure than after cold acclimation.  3, record 9, English, - drought%20stress

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «sècheresse».  3, record 9, French, - stress%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sècheresse : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  4, record 9, French, - stress%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Porometers were used ... to measure the stomatal conductance of 19 species of eucalypts ... Transpiration rates were calculated for each species from the Combination equation (Equation (0.1] for days on which stomatal conductance was measured.  4, record 10, English, - porometer

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Knowing plant water status is useful, but to appreciate how the plant responds to drought we should also monitor some process within the plant. Given that most water is lost from the plant when it opens stomatal pores to photosynthesize, we might hypothesise that stomatal opening is somehow correlated with plant water status. The degree of stomatal opening can be measured with a diffusion porometer. As the name implies, the diffusion porometer measures the rate at which water vapour diffuses out of the leaf, mainly through stomatal pores. The greater the number of these pores and the wider their apertures, the faster will be the rate of water vapour diffusion for given conditions. By measuring this rate of diffusion and knowing the conditions which are driving it, we can calculate stomatal resistance to diffusion of water vapour(or its reciprocal, stomatal conductance).  2, record 10, English, - porometer

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Stomatal resistance of selected species of the grass used to estimate the total canopy resistance were measured independently using a leaf diffusion porometer.  3, record 10, English, - porometer

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Appareil de mesure de la résistance des feuilles au transfert de vapeur d'eau.  2, record 10, French, - porom%C3%A8tre

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette résistance est sous la dépendance de l'état d'ouverture des stomates, qui règle la transpiration, mais aussi les échanges gazeux (gaz carbonique oxygène) dont dépendent la photosynthèse et la respiration.  2, record 10, French, - porom%C3%A8tre

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tout déficit de saturation en vapeur d'eau existant dans l'atmosphère entourant une plante entraîne l'évaporation continue de l'eau (transpiration). Cette transpiration crée un appel d'eau continu dans le végétal. [...] On peut [...] déterminer la quantité d'eau rejetée dans l'atmosphère à l'aide d'un poromètre; en effet la phase ultime de la transpiration correspond à l'émission (diffusion), à travers les ouvertures des stomates, de la vapeur d'eau dans une atmosphère non saturée. Ce processus physique varie avec l'humidité relative de l'air, la température et l'agitation de l'atmosphère (vitesse du vent).  3, record 10, French, - porom%C3%A8tre

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] des scientifiques de l'Université de Bâle ont démontré qu'une concentration accrue de CO₂ réduit les orifices par lesquels respirent les feuilles. Cela accroît l'évaporation et, par conséquent, augmente l'écoulement des eaux : lors de pluies, le risque d'inondations s'accroît. En revanche, les plantes disposent plus longtemps d'eau en périodes sèches. [...] Depuis leur nacelle, les scientifiques mesurent à l'aide d'un poromètre la taille des pores des feuilles.  4, record 10, French, - porom%C3%A8tre

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Aparato para controlar el movimiento de los gases en su entrada y salida de las hojas.  2, record 10, Spanish, - por%C3%B3metro

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... of the World Meteorological Organization. The Tropical Meteorology Research Programme is designed to promote and coordinate research activities of Members in high priority areas of tropical meteorology. Emphasis is on the weather system scale, except for monsoons and drought related studies, which emphasis variability and prediction at the regional and seasonal scale. It is intended to improve social and economic conditions by conducting research to better understand the behaviour of tropical weather systems and further improve weather forecasting to help reduce the loss of life and social disruption arising from severe weather, such as the impact of tropical cyclones.  3, record 11, English, - Tropical%20Meteorology%20Research%20Programme

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... de l'Organisation météorologique mondiale.  3, record 11, French, - Programme%20de%20recherche%20en%20m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologie%20tropicale

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Organización Meteorológical Mundial.  2, record 11, Spanish, - Programa%20de%20Investigaci%C3%B3n%20sobre%20Meteorolog%C3%ADa%20Tropical

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Period of abnormally dry weather.  3, record 12, English, - dry%20spell

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Use of the term should be confined to conditions less severe than those of a drought.  3, record 12, English, - dry%20spell

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Période de temps anormalement sec.  1, record 12, French, - p%C3%A9riode%20s%C3%A8che

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

période sèche : Le terme devrait être réservé aux conditions moins rigoureuses que celles d'une sécheresse.  1, record 12, French, - p%C3%A9riode%20s%C3%A8che

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Lapso con tiempo anormalmente seco.  1, record 12, Spanish, - per%C3%ADodo%20de%20sequ%C3%ADa

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

período de sequía : El uso de este término debe estar limitado al caso de condiciones menos rigurosas que las de sequía.  1, record 12, Spanish, - per%C3%ADodo%20de%20sequ%C3%ADa

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

dormancy : A condition in the life of organisms or their parts(sometimes termed the resting stage=rest) when a tissue predisposed to proliferate does not do so, there being a temporary suspension of visible growth and development.... In plants the suspension may be imposed dormancy, due to unfavourable, external, environmental conditions, e. g. drought or frost...  1, record 13, English, - imposed%20dormancy

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

dormance : Repos temporaire apparent de l'activité de croissance d'un organisme ou d'une partie d'organisme dont les tissus sont en état de reprendre leur croissance. [...] Pour les plantes, ce suspens peut être une dormance imposée par des conditions de milieu défavorables, par ex. la sécheresse, le froid [...]  1, record 13, French, - dormance%20impos%C3%A9e

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

dormancy : A condition in the life of organisms or their parts(sometimes termed the resting stage=rest) when a tissue predisposed to proliferate does not do so, there being a temporary suspension of visible growth and development.... In plants the suspension may be imposed dormancy, due to unfavourable, external, environmental conditions, e. g. drought or frost; or physiological dormancy due to unfavourable, internal physiological conditions...  1, record 14, English, - physiological%20dormancy

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

dormance : Repos temporaire apparent de l'activité de croissance d'un organisme ou d'une partie d'organisme dont les tissus sont en état de reprendre leur croissance. Pour les plantes, ce suspens peut être une dormance imposée par des conditions de milieu défavorables, par ex. la sécheresse, le froid; ou une dormance physiologique dûe à des conditions internes défavorables, physiologiques ou autres [...]  1, record 14, French, - dormance%20physiologique

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

capable of living outdoors over winter without artificial protection or of withstanding other adverse conditions(as insufficient or excessive light, excessive moisture, drought, lack of nourishing food)(hardy plants)(a hardy breed of cattle)  2, record 15, English, - hardy

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les variétés rustiques sont moins exigeantes que les autres. Aussi dans des conditions défavorables, leur rendement baisse-t-il moins que celui des variétés plus productives.  2, record 15, French, - rustique

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Formed by the United Nations staff with the approval of the Secretary-General to help in fund-raising activities to assist the countries in Africa affected by drought conditions.  1, record 16, English, - United%20Nations%20Relief%20Committee%20for%20Africa

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The autumn acidic pulses have apparently been amplified by drought conditions, for the acidic pulse of this autumn(1983) coincided with widespread yellowing(chlorosis) of the spruce foliage at Solling, the Harz Mountains, and elsewhere.  4, record 17, English, - surge%20of%20acidity

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

When the snowpack melts in the spring, the accumulated acids from both sulphates and nitrates flow into rivers and lakes. This surge of acidity is known as "spring shock" and, because it occurs at the most critical stage in the life cycle of many aquatic species, can kill fish eggs and fry (newly-hatched fish).  1, record 17, English, - surge%20of%20acidity

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Following snowmelt and storm runoff.  5, record 17, English, - surge%20of%20acidity

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

of a crop variety, e. g. to climatic hazards(frost, drought, etc.) or to cropping conditions  1, record 18, English, - environmental%20reaction

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

p. ex. comportement d'une variété à l'égard des accidents climatiques et culturaux  1, record 18, French, - comportement%20%C3%A0%20l%27%C3%A9gard%20des%20conditions%20du%20milieu

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish