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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Questions relating to physical or psychological dependence on alcohol have typically been included in consequences scales (e.g., withdrawal symptoms, craving and need, blackouts). In 1976, Edwards and Gross published an article describing the elements of what they termed the "alcohol dependence syndrome". The following were identified as part of this syndrome: narrowing of the drinking repertoire (i.e., a lifestyle where habitual drinking is the main focus), salience of drink-seeking behavior, increased tolerance to alcohol, repeated withdrawal symptoms, relief or avoidance of withdrawal symptoms by further drinking, subjective awareness of a compulsion to drink, and reinstatement after abstinence.  1, record 1, English, - compulsion%20to%20drink

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le syndrome d'alcoolo-dépendance [...] comporte en outre les éléments constitutifs suivants : 1) restriction du répertoire du comportement vis-à-vis de l'alcool (tendance à la stéréotypie, horaire régulier de consommation quasi quotidienne); 2) priorité donnée à l'alcool dans l'existence [...]; 3) consommation «thérapeutique préventive», c'est-à-dire évitement des symptômes de sevrage [...]; 4) compulsion à boire par obsession de l'alcool [...]; 5) propension à la rechute, le syndrome réapparaissant rapidement quand le sujet recommence à boire après une période d'abstinence.  1, record 1, French, - compulsion%20%C3%A0%20boire

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish