TERMIUM Plus^®

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Constant False-alarm Rate(CFAR). A constant false-alarm rate in the presence of variable levels of noise is usually a requirement placed on any modern radar. It is easily achieved in CW radars by use of filter banks. The energy reaching the filter bank is restricted either by automatic gain control or, when feasible, by limiting, and the thresholds in the circuitry following the filter bank are properly set with respect to the level in the total band. In a typical setting technique, random noise is injected into the amplifier that drives the filter bank, and each threshold is set to achieve the desired false-alarm rate. The level of noise is then varied and the threshold rechecked. If the limiting is proper, the false-alarm rate should not change. However, target signals in the absence of noise are unaffected, as they do not change the total energy present in the broad doppler spectrum sufficiently to reach the limiting level.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - constant%20false%2Dalarm%20rate

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taux prédéterminé pour permettre à un récepteur de recevoir des échos de fausses cibles sans les traiter comme échos de cibles réelles.  5, fiche 1, Français, - taux%20de%20fausse%20alarme%20constant

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Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Quantum information processing systems will need amplifiers to distribute and boost signals. By their very nature, quantum amplifiers introduce noise into the signal—an example would be spontaneous emission in a laser amplifier.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - quantum%20amplifier

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[...] l'amplificateur quantique idéal doit perturber de façon minimale le système mesuré tout en maintenant un gain suffisant pour ne pas être limité par le bruit des éléments subséquents de la chaîne d'amplification.  2, fiche 2, Français, - amplificateur%20quantique

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En junio se publicó en Nature el experimento que demuestra que el fundamento del amplificador cuántico es correcto.  1, fiche 2, Espagnol, - amplificador%20cu%C3%A1ntico

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A radiation [that] is considered [to be] the remnant of the Big Bang, which cooled down to a temperature of 3 K (-270°C).  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - fossil%20radiation

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In 1965, Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson announced the discovery of microwave radiation which uniformly filled the sky and had a blackbody temperature of about 3. 5 K. The pair had been testing a new radio amplifier that was supposed to be exceptionally quiet.... After many attempts to account for all extraneous sources of radio noise, they came to the conclusion that there was a general background of radiation at the radio frequency they were using. After discussions with a group led by Robert Dicke at nearby Princeton University it became clear that they had in fact detected remnant radiation from the origin of the universe.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - fossil%20radiation

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Vieux de douze milliards d'années puisque s'étant propagé pendant ce laps de temps mais aussi étonnamment jeune puisque témoin de phases fort précoces de l'histoire du monde, ce rayonnement fossile diffus constitue l'une des preuves éclatantes de la justesse de l'idée connue sous le nom de «big bang» selon laquelle notre monde est né dans un état de compression extrême pour entamer une prodigieuse expansion. [...] Pour avoir découvert ce rayonnement fossile en 1963, [...] Penzias et Wilson reçurent le prix Nobel.  2, fiche 3, Français, - rayonnement%20fossile

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Rayonnement cosmique fossile.  2, fiche 3, Français, - rayonnement%20fossile

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Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Most satellite Earth terminals make use of... a parametric amplifier cooled to a temperature of around 4 deg. K. The system noise temperature attained with such an amplifier is around 65 deg. K.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - system%20noise%20temperature

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l'équipement [...] comprenait [...] un amplificateur paramétrique à faible bruit, refroidi à l'azote liquide [...] et un émetteur [...] La température de bruit d'un système était d'environ 250 degrés K.  1, fiche 4, Français, - temp%C3%A9rature%20de%20bruit%20du%20syst%C3%A8me

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Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A special amplifier designed for use with very low input voltages.  5, fiche 5, Anglais, - preamplifier

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A preamplifier usually increases the signal for further amplification by an amplifier(or power amplifier). Preamplifiers are designed for minimum distortion and noise.  5, fiche 5, Anglais, - preamplifier

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Amplificateur de tension du signal sortant [...] d'une tête de lecture avant son entrée dans un amplificateur de puissance.  3, fiche 5, Français, - pr%C3%A9amplificateur

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Dans une chaîne sonore, le préamplificateur et l'amplificateur de puissance sont parfois groupés pour former un seul appareil : l'amplificateur de son (ampli intégré).  4, fiche 5, Français, - pr%C3%A9amplificateur

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Plur. : préamplis.  5, fiche 5, Français, - pr%C3%A9amplificateur

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Amplificador que se antepone a un sistema o aparato con el fin de obtener ganancia o sensibilidad adicional.  2, fiche 5, Espagnol, - preamplificador

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An amplifier consisting of a grounded-cathode input stage that drives a grounded-grid output stage; advantages include high gain and low noise; widely used in television tuners.  3, fiche 6, Anglais, - cascode%20amplifier

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cascode amplifier: Term standardized by the International Electrotechnical Commission.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - cascode%20amplifier

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Permettant d'utiliser des triodes en vue de réduire le bruit de fond, le cascode est souvent utilisé dans [...] des récepteurs de télévision ou de modulation de fréquences.  2, fiche 6, Français, - amplificateur%20cascode

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amplificateur cascode : Terme normalisé par la Commission électrotechnique internationale.  1, fiche 6, Français, - amplificateur%20cascode

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Amplificador de dos etapas que consiste en una etapa de cátodo a tierra que alimenta el cátodo de una rejilla a tierra de la cual se toma el ánodo de salida.  1, fiche 6, Espagnol, - amplificador%20%C2%ABcascode%C2%BB

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A new kind of L-band long-range surveillance radar family designed not only for air traffic control and air defense but also for shipboard air defense.... The radar's features include a high-gain, low-sidelobe, shaded beam antenna; a master oscillator power amplification transmitter with a combination of a solid state amplifier and wide-band klystron; and a wideband receiver with low noise and three channels. Quadraphase coded pulse compression techniques are employed. The digital target extractor can extract, process, and report the target data automatically.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - digital%20target%20extractor

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Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Noise in the output of an amplifier, originating in the amplifier itself.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - amplifier%20noise

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Ruido en la salida de un amplificador originado en el amplificador mismo.  1, fiche 8, Espagnol, - ruido%20del%20amplificador

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Power amplifier linearization is employed in a variety of microwave communication systems. It is an effective method that results in significantly higher output power operation for the power amplifier. Without Linearization, system constraints, such as intermodulation noise, spectrum spreading and BER performance, make it necessary to operate the power amplifier in a backed off mode.  2, fiche 9, Anglais, - backed%2Doff%20mode

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Roughly speaking, a voltage amplifier has zero-current voltage fluctuations(noise in the absence of signal), resistance fluctuations(a source of linear noise) and nonlinear noise.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - linear%20noise

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The range of signal amplitudes from the loudest to the quietest that can be reproduced effectively by an equipment.  3, fiche 11, Anglais, - dynamic%20range

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Limited by the intrinsic noise of the amplifier and the ambient background noise level of the listening environment and by the power capacity of the amplifier and speaker system.  3, fiche 11, Anglais, - dynamic%20range

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dynamic range: term standardized by thethe International Electrotechnical Commission and the USA Standards Institute.  4, fiche 11, Anglais, - dynamic%20range

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Intervalle compris entre les niveaux extrêmes d'intensité acoustique c'est-à-dire des plus forts (fortissimi) aux plus faibles (pianissimi).  3, fiche 11, Français, - dynamique

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dynamique : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR.  4, fiche 11, Français, - dynamique

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Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

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... a device that consists of a swept frequency generator, an amplifier, and an earphone and that is intended to introduce a masking noise into the ear that is not being tested during an audiometric evaluation so as to minimize that ear's ability to sense test tones and signal being generated for the ear being tested.  1, fiche 12, Anglais, - electronic%20noise%20generator

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A circuit which reduces the gain of an amplifier for a short period whenever a sufficiently large noise pulse is received.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - noise%20killer

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Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The television receive only(TVRO) small earth station has one of the simplest structures. The main three blocks of this earth station are : 1) the antenna; 2) the low noise amplifier(GaAsFET) ;3) the television reception subsystem.  1, fiche 14, Anglais, - television%20reception%20subsystem

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Une des structures les plus simples est celle de la petite station terrienne TVRO (réception de la télévision seulement) qui se compose de trois éléments principaux: 1) l'antenne; 2) l'amplificateur à faible bruit (GaAsFET); 3) le système de réception télévisuelle.  1, fiche 14, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20r%C3%A9ception%20t%C3%A9l%C3%A9visuelle

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Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The [DFM] meter indicates the distortion factor, which is the ratio of the rms total distortion to the amplitude of the fundamental frequency, including harmonics.  2, fiche 15, Anglais, - distortion%20factor

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A common measurement is total harmonic distortion(thd) where the fundamental of a very low distortion sine-wave test signal is removed by a steep notch filter. The summed harmonics that remain are then measured as a voltage of the fundamental at the required test power of the amplifier.(When measured in this manner the term thd is not really correct since the distortion also has the amplifier noise added to it within the test passband. The correct term is distortion factor).(GRAEL, 1977, p. 326).  3, fiche 15, Anglais, - distortion%20factor

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[Dans le Teac AS M50] les taux de distorsion restent très faibles quelle que soit la puissance, et (...) la décroissance des amplitudes dans l'analyse du spectre de distorsion par harmoniques est régulière.  1, fiche 15, Français, - taux%20de%20distorsion

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Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A low-pass filter, often an integral part of an amplifier circuit, which attenuates the higher frequency noise derived from disc recordings. The scratch filter is also suitable for the suppression of background noise produced by tape background hiss.  2, fiche 16, Anglais, - scratch%20filter

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Réseau complexe (...) passe-bas permettant de réduire le bruit de surface lors de la reproduction de disques phonographiques anciens (...)  1, fiche 16, Français, - filtre%20d%27aiguille

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