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ORBIT ORBIT SHUTTLE [25 fiches]

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Fiche 1 2019-09-25

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Astronomy
  • Spacecraft
  • Orbital Stations
DEF

An orbit around Earth with an altitude between 160 and 2,000 kilometres.

CONT

Low Earth orbit is used by the space shuttle, the International Space Station, and other manned space vehicles. This orbit is slightly above the atmosphere.... This type of orbit generally has a small inclination.

OBS

low Earth orbit; LEO: terminology approved by the International Space Station Terminology Approval Group (ISSTAG); designations and definition officially approved by the Joint Terminology Panel and the Defence Terminology Standardization Board; designations standardized by NATO.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Astronomie
  • Engins spatiaux
  • Stations orbitales
DEF

Orbite autour de la Terre située à une altitude de 160 à 2000 kilomètres.

OBS

orbite basse terrestre; LEO : terminologie approuvée par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI) et par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie spatiale (CUTS).

OBS

orbite terrestre basse; LEO : désignations et définition uniformisées par le Groupe d'experts en terminologie interarmées et le Conseil de normalisation de terminologie de la défense; désignations normalisées par l'OTAN.

OBS

orbite basse : désignation publiée au Journal officiel de la République française le 18 avril 2001.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 1

Fiche 2 2017-11-16

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Spacecraft
  • Space Exploration Equipment and Tools
CONT

The Shuttle Remote Manipulator System consists of a shoulder, elbow and wrist joint separated by an upper and lower arm boom. The shoulder joint has two degrees of freedom, the elbow joint has one degree of freedom, and the wrist joint has up to three degrees of freedom. At a total weight of approximately 905 lbs., the Canadarm has recently been upgraded to maneuver payloads of up to 266, 000 kgs.(in the weightlessness of space). Canadarm uses an end effector with a specially designed grapple fixture to capture payloads and place them in orbit.

OBS

The 7m long MPLMs [Multi-Purpose Logistics Module] are the primary delivery system used to resupply and return up to 10,000 kg space station cargo requiring a pressurised environment and is docked to the ISS using the Shuttle’s Remote Manipulator System robot arm, before being placed back in the Shuttle payload bay for the flight home after its mission.

OBS

Canadarm; shuttle’s remote manipulator system; SRMS: terms and abbreviation officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Engins spatiaux
  • Équipement et outillage d'exploration spatiale
CONT

Le télémanipulateur de la navette spatiale (SRMS) est un système de manipulation de charges utiles à six degrés de liberté. [...] Le SRMS est encore plus articulé que le bras humain et peut effectuer des manœuvres très complexes. Les moteurs des articulations sont munis de leurs propres systèmes de freinage et de contrôle de vitesse de mouvement. Chaque articulation est également équipée d'un encodeur qui sert à mesurer précisément l'angle d'ouverture des articulations. Ainsi, les articulations sont indépendantes les unes des autres et peuvent bouger à des vitesses différentes et dans des directions différentes.

OBS

Canadarm; télémanipulateur de la navette spatiale; SRMS : termes et abréviation uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).

Espagnol

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Fiche 3 2012-07-06

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Orbital Stations
  • Research Experiments in Space
OBS

The Astro/PGBA [Astro/plant generic bioprocessing apparatus] experiment hardware is contained in a double locker that will be installed into the EXPRESS Rack after the Shuttle is in orbit. The hardware consists of a plant growth chamber with a 10-inch by 12-inch growth area that allows 10 inches of plant height and 2 inches of roots. Fluorescent or LEO lighting will simulate sunlight, and an atmospheric control system will maintain set levels of carbon dioxide and humidity while scrubbing volatile organic compounds, such as ethylene, that can accumulate and inhibit plant growth. Plant transpiration water, collected from a dehumidifier system, can be recirculated back into the root matrix. A computer system will control experiment operations and provide engineering and video data for downlink to investigators on the ground.

OBS

The PGBA has successfully supported plant experiments that examine changes in plant lignification and related downstream biochemical consequences, especially production of secondary metabolites.

OBS

astro/plant biogeneric processing apparatus: term officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Stations orbitales
  • Travaux de recherche dans l'espace
CONT

[...] les experiences de biologie Astro/PGBA (Plant Generic Bioprecessing Apparatus) et de science des colloïdes PHaSE (Physics of Hard Spheres Experiment) se trouvent sur un «bâti EXPRESS.

OBS

expérience de biologie Astro/PGBA : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).

Espagnol

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Fiche 4 2012-06-06

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Spacecraft
CONT

The space shuttle has three main parts. The first part is the orbiter. The orbiter is the large, white space plane. It is the only part of the shuttle that goes into orbit. The orbiter is where the crew members live and work. It also has a payload bay for taking cargo into orbit.

OBS

orbiter: term officially approved by the International Space Station Official Approval Group (ISSOAG).

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Engins spatiaux
DEF

Élément principal, satellisable et récupérable, de la navette spatiale américaine.

OBS

orbiteur : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie spatiale (CUTS).

OBS

orbiteur : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).

Espagnol

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Fiche 5 2010-10-04

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Spacecraft
CONT

The STS(Space Transportation System) concept that has evolved from the STG activities and from preliminary NASA and Air Force studies and analyses is a two-stage reusable vehicle, called the Space Shuttle, to be used for carrying payloads from earth to low-earth orbit and return, and a reusable Orbit-to-Orbit Shuttle(OOS) for transferring spacecrafts to high-energy orbits.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • orbit to orbit shuttle

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Engins spatiaux

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 5

Fiche 6 2009-04-02

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Research Laboratories and Centres
  • Research Experiments in Space
OBS

Spacelab was a reusable laboratory flown into space on the Space Shuttle. It allowed scientists to perform experiments in microgravity in Earth orbit. The laboratory consisted of multiple components, including a pressurized module, an unpressurized carrier and other related hardware.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Laboratoires et centres de recherche
  • Travaux de recherche dans l'espace
OBS

Spacelab est un laboratoire à microgravité modulaire placé dans l'espace à bord d'une navette spatiale. Sa structure est un large cylindre situé à l'arrière de la navette et relié à l'espace destiné à l'équipage par un long couloir. Le laboratoire en lui-même a un diamètre de 4,06 m, et chacun des segments une longueur de 2,7 m. Dans la plupart du temps composé de deux segments, le laboratoire atteignait une longueur de 5,4 m.

OBS

Spacelab : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie spatiale - CUTS.

Espagnol

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Fiche 7 2008-06-05

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Spacecraft
CONT

The Space Shuttle system consists of four primary elements : an orbiter spacecraft, two Solid Rocket Boosters(SRB), an external tank to house fuel and oxidizer and three Space Shuttle main engines.... The Shuttle will transport cargo into near Earth orbit 100 to 217 nautical miles(115 to 250 statute miles) above the Earth. This cargo or payload is carried in a bay 15 feet in diameter and 60 ft long. Major system requirements are that the orbiter and the two solid rocket boosters be reusable.... The orbiter has carried a flight crew of up to eight persons. A total of 10 persons could be carried under emergency conditions. The basic mission is 7 days in space. The crew compartment has a shirtsleeve environment, and the acceleration load is never greater than 3 Gs. In its return to Earth, the orbiter has a cross-range maneuvering capability of 1, 100 nautical miles(1, 265 statute miles). The Space Shuttle is launched in an upright position, with thrust provided by the three Space Shuttle engines and the two SRB. After about 2 minutes, the two boosters are spent and are separated from the external tank. They fall into the ocean at predetermined points and are recovered for reuse.

OBS

space shuttle; American space shuttle: terms officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).

PHR

Shuttle cargo bay.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Engins spatiaux
CONT

La navette spatiale Américaine [...] est un véhicule de l'espace mis au point par La NASA, l'Agence spatiale Américaine. La navette peut décoller comme une fusée, verticalement, se mettre en orbite autour de la Terre pour remplir des missions et revenir sur Terre en atterrissant comme un avion, horizontalement. Contrairement aux fusées la navette peut resservir 100 fois. Elle peut transporter un équipage de spationautes pour rejoindre une station spatiale comme MIR ou la station international Alpha, transporter un satellite à mettre en orbite autour de la Terre ou une sonde à envoyer dans l'espace. La navette peut également se transformer en station spatiale. Elle transporte alors un laboratoire, Spacelab, qui est utilisé pour faire des expériences en impesanteur. La première navette a été lancée le 12 Avril 1981. Elle s'appelait Columbia. Vinrent ensuite Challenger, Discovery et Atlantis. En 1991 la navette Endeavour a été mise en service.

OBS

La navette comporte trois parties : (1) La partie principale qui peut resservir plusieurs fois est appelée l'orbiteur. C'est cette partie qui ressemble à un avion à aile delta. L'orbiteur transporte les passagers et la cargaison. (2) Les deux fusées servent seulement au décollage. [Elles] sont ensuite récupérées et réutilisées. (3) Un énorme réservoir qui contient le comburant (oxygène liquide) et le carburant (hydrogène liquide) nécessaires au fonctionnement des moteurs des trois fusées de la navette. [Ces fusées] servent à mettre la navette en orbite.

OBS

navette spatiale américaine ; navette spatiale : termes uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).

PHR

Soute de la navette.

PHR

Tamponner, enfoncer, caler le module d'amarrage sur le sas de la navette.

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Naves espaciales
CONT

Transbordador espacial Cuando estará disponible y cuanto costará como ya saben muchos de nuestros lectores, la realización del Transbordador Espacial estadounidense costará más de lo que fué previsto y se llevara a cabo con retraso.

Conserver la fiche 7

Fiche 8 2007-02-13

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Launching and Space Maneuvering
CONT

The upper stage, equipped with a much smaller version of a payload bay similar to the Space Shuttle, would take the satellite to orbit, deploy it and return to earth, possibly using a parafoil technique for ground landing, similar to NASA's flight tested X-38 reentry lifting body/parafoil experimental recovery vehicles. After separation, the booster is designed to glide back to land for recovery as well.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • re-entry lifting body

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Lancement et manœuvres dans l'espace

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 8

Fiche 9 2007-02-05

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Astronautics
CONT

The local orbital reference system is defined at each point of the orbit by three unit vectors. These vectors are derived from the satellite position and velocity vectors: Vector L is colinear with position vector P (on the axis between the Earth’s centre and the satellite). It defines the yaw axis. Vector T is perpendicular to the orbital plane (vector L, vector V). It defines the pitch axis. Vector R completes the set of orthogonal axes. It lies in the plane defined by Vectors L and V and defines the roll axis. It does not coincide exactly with the velocity vector due to the eccentricity of the orbit.

CONT

Spacecraft axes. The three orthogonal axes of rotation : roll, pitch and yaw. If the spacecraft has a recognisable longitudinal axis or a specified forward direction of flight, the axes are analogous to those of an aircraft, where the roll axis is the longitudinal axis; the pitch axis is in the plane of the wings; and the yaw axis is the "vertical" axis, orthogonal to both the roll and pitch axes. The axes are mutually perpendicular, with an "origin" at the vehicle's centre of mass. For a winged spacecraft such as a Space Shuttle, the similarity with an aircraft is obvious. For expendable launch vehicles the roll axis is the axis which is vertical at launch and the other axes are more-or-less arbitrarily assigned since the vehicle rotates about the roll axis in flight.... The axes of a cylindrical spacecraft(e. g. Apollo, Suyuz, etc.) are similar to those of an ELV [Expendable Launch Vehicle] at launch, but one orbit assume the axis-definition of an aircraft(i. e. defined relative to the pilot's seat). The axes of a satellite mirror those of an aircraft "flying along the orbital arc" : the roll axis is aligned with the direction of travel; the yaw axis passes through the sub-satellite point; and the pitch axis is orthogonal to the other two. For a satellite in an equatorial orbit, the pitch axis is aligned approximately with the Earth's spin axis. The pitch axis is also the spin axis for the spin-stabilised satellite.

OBS

In the compilation of engineering drawings the three orthogonal axes are often labelled in Cartesian fashion: x=roll, y=pitch, z=yaw. For the three-axis stabilised spacecraft, the x-axis and y-axis are otherwise known as the east-west and north-south axes, respectively; the z-axis passes through the sub-satellite point. This leads to the definition of the box-shaped satellite’s faces as follows: the "plus-x face" faces east; the "minus-x face" faces west; +y faces south; -y faces north; +z is the Earth-pointing face; and -z is the "anti-Earth face."

OBS

roll axis; axis of roll: terms officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG) and by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Astronautique
CONT

Le repère orbital local est défini en chaque point de l'orbite par les trois vecteurs unitaires. Ces vecteurs sont construits à partir du vecteur position et du vecteur vitesse du satellite : le vecteur L est colinéaire au vecteur position P (sur l'axe centre Terre, satellite). Il définit l'axe de lacet. Le vecteur T est perpendiculaire au plan de l'orbite (vecteur L, vecteur V). Il définit l'axe de tangage. Le vecteur R complète le trièdre. Il appartient au plan (vecteur L, vecteur V) et définit l'axe de roulis. Il ne coïncide pas exactement avec le vecteur vitesse à cause de l'excentricité de l'orbite.

OBS

axe de roulis : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI) et par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR).

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 9

Fiche 10 2007-02-05

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Launching and Space Maneuvering
CONT

The local orbital reference system is defined at each point of the orbit by three unit vectors. These vectors are derived from the satellite position and velocity vectors: Vector L is colinear with position vector P (on the axis between the Earth’s centre and the satellite). It defines the yaw axis. Vector T is perpendicular to the orbital plane (vector L, vector V). It defines the pitch axis. Vector R completes the set of orthogonal axes. It lies in the plane defined by Vectors L and V and defines the roll axis. It does not coincide exactly with the velocity vector due to the eccentricity of the orbit.

CONT

Spacecraft axes. The three orthogonal axes of rotation : roll, pitch and yaw. If the spacecraft has a recognisable longitudinal axis or a specified forward direction of flight, the axes are analogous to those of an aircraft, where the roll axis is the longitudinal axis; the pitch axis is in the plane of the wings; and the yaw axis is the "vertical" axis, orthogonal to both the roll and pitch axes. The axes are mutually perpendicular, with an "origin" at the vehicle's centre of mass. For a winged spacecraft such as a Space Shuttle, the similarity with an aircraft is obvious. For expendable launch vehicles the roll axis is the axis which is vertical at launch and the other axes are more-or-less arbitrarily assigned since the vehicle rotates about the roll axis in flight.... The axes of a cylindrical spacecraft(e. g. Apollo, Suyuz, etc.) are similar to those of an ELV [Expendable Launch Vehicle] at launch, but one orbit assume the axis-definition of an aircraft(i. e. defined relative to the pilot's seat). The axes of a satellite mirror those of an aircraft "flying along the orbital arc" : the roll axis is aligned with the direction of travel; the yaw axis passes through the sub-satellite point; and the pitch axis is orthogonal to the other two. For a satellite in an equatorial orbit, the pitch axis is aligned approximately with the Earth's spin axis. The pitch axis is also the spin axis for the spin-stabilised satellite.

OBS

In the compilation of engineering drawings the three orthogonal axes are often labelled in Cartesian fashion: x=roll, y=pitch, z=yaw. For the three-axis stabilised spacecraft, the x-axis and y-axis are otherwise known as the east-west and north-south axes, respectively; the z-axis passes through the sub-satellite point. This leads to the definition of the box-shaped satellite’s faces as follows: the "plus-x face" faces east; the "minus-x face" faces west; +y faces south; -y faces north; +z is the Earth-pointing face; and -z is the "anti-Earth face."

OBS

pitch axis: term officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG) and by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Lancement et manœuvres dans l'espace
CONT

Le repère orbital local est défini en chaque point de l'orbite par les trois vecteurs unitaires. Ces vecteurs sont construits à partir du vecteur position et du vecteur vitesse du satellite : Le vecteur L est colinéaire au vecteur position P (sur l'axe centre Terre, satellite). Il définit l'axe de lacet. Le vecteur T est perpendiculaire au plan de l'orbite (vecteur L, vecteur V). Il définit l'axe de tangage. Le vecteur R complète le trièdre. Il appartient au plan (vecteur L, vecteur V) et définit l'axe de roulis. Il ne coïncide pas exactement avec le vecteur vitesse à cause de l'excentricité de l'orbite.

OBS

axe de tangage : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI) et par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 10

Fiche 11 2004-12-17

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Orbital Stations
CONT

The Experiment Logistics Module Exposed Section(ELM-ES) is a JEM component which carries experiment payloads, JEM's Small Fine Arm(SFA) and Exposed Facility(EF) system ORUs [Orbital Replaceable Units]. It will supply devices to and from the EF [Exposed Facility]. This ELM-ES will be carried to orbit by the Space Shuttle where it will be operated after being connected to EF. After ELM-ES is connected to the EF, experiment payloads attached to ELM-ES will be removed and attached to the EF using a manipulator. After experiments are finished, payloads will be removed from the EF by a manipulator and returned to the ELM-ES. Later, they will be brought back to Earth by the Space Shuttle.

CONT

The ELM-ES is a reusable pallet developed in Japan for transporting experiment facilities to the Kibo Exposed Facility (EF). The ELM-ES ... ferries three experiment facilities, each weighing 500 kilograms, ...

OBS

experiment logistics module - exposed section; ELM-ES : term and abbreviation officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).

PHR

Unpressurized Experiment Logistics Module - exposed section.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • Kibo's experiment logistics module exposed section

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Stations orbitales
CONT

Le «Experiment Logistic Module - Exposed Section» (ELM ES) est une palette prolongeant l'élément principal [le JEM - Japanese Experiment Module], destiné à recevoir les instruments et expériences devant être exposés au vide spatial. Un sas en facilite l'accès.

OBS

plateforme japonaise externe d'expérimentation; ELM-ES : terme et abréviation uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • plate-forme japonaise
  • externe d'expérimentation

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 11

Fiche 12 2004-12-17

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Scientific Instruments
  • Remote Sensing
CONT

The shoeboxsized spectrophotometer-called MAESTRO(Measurements of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation)-is the most advanced in a long line of MSC instruments that have flown on balloons, high-altitude research aircraft and space shuttle missions over the past 10 years. MAESTRO and other spectrophotometers operate on the principle that different gases absorb different wavelengths of light, ranging from short, ultraviolet(UV) rays to long, near-infrared ones. Each gas, therefore, has its own "fingerprint" or distinct spectrum of absorption. This makes it possible to identify which gases are present from changes in the brightness of sunlight at different wavelengths between light coming directly from the Sun and light that has passed through the atmosphere on the way to the spectrophotometer. Ozone, for example, absorbs UV light and is, therefore, essential to preventing high levels of these rays from reaching the Earth's surface. As the Sun rises and sets, its rays slice through different layers of the atmosphere and out into space. MAESTRO will be equipped with more than 2000 separate detectors record the full spectrum of wavelengths emitted by direct sunlight and by sunlight travelling through these layers. These data will then be analyzed to provide precise measurements of gases and aerosol particles at different heights in the atmosphere. SCISAT-1 will orbit the Earth 15 times a day at a height of 650 kilometres, allowing MAESTRO to take measurements of 30 sunrises and sunsets every 24 hours.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • MAESTRO spectrophotometer

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments scientifiques
  • Télédétection
CONT

Le spectrophotomètre, qui est de la taille d'une boîte à chaussures, porte le nom de MAESTRO pour «Measurements of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation» (Mesure de l'extinction des aérosols par occultation dans la stratosphère et dans la troposphère); il est le plus perfectionné d'une longue série d'instruments du SMC qui ont été embarqués à bord de ballons, d'avions de recherche en haute altitude et de navettes spatiales en mission au cours des dix dernières années. Le fonctionnement de MAESTRO, ainsi que d'autres spectrophotomètres, repose sur le principe que différents gaz absorbent différentes longueurs d'onde lumineuse, depuis les rayons ultraviolets (UV) à ondes courtes jusqu'aux rayons du proche-infrarouge à plus grande longueur d'onde. Chaque gaz, par conséquent, a sa propre «empreinte», c'est-à-dire son propre spectre d'absorption. Grâce à cela, il est possible de déterminer quels gaz sont présents à partir des changements dans l'intensité de la lumière du soleil à différentes longueurs d'onde entre la lumière qui provient directement du soleil et la lumière qui a traversé l'atmosphère avant de se rendre au spectrophotomètre. L'ozone, par exemple, absorbe la lumière UV et est, par conséquent, essentiel à la prévention d'un rayonnement ultraviolet intense sur la surface terrestre.

CONT

Bien que d'une conception similaire à celle de ses prédécesseurs, MAESTRO est le premier dispositif pourvu de deux spectrophotomètres distincts qui fonctionnent simultanément pour être en mesure d'enregistrer toutes les longueurs d'ondes du spectre. Les instruments utilisés antérieurement devaient être munis de filtres différents selon qu'ils mesuraient les rayons UV ou la lumière visible du spectre; c'était là un procédé qui réduisait le temps d'observation précieux dont on disposait. Pour obtenir un profil vertical complet de l'atmosphère au lever et au coucher du Soleil, MAESTRO recueillera des données sur toutes les longueurs d'onde du spectre correspondant à une hauteur donnée, ceci en seulement un tiers de seconde. Cela permettra aux scientifiques de détecter dans le profil vertical des gaz des détails d'une très grande précision, par exemple à un kilomètre d'altitude.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 12

Fiche 13 2004-03-18

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Orbital Stations
CONT

Shake, Rattle & Roll Poster. Shake :... The International Space Station undergoes oscillations. If it is given a slight push, such as a bump from the Shuttle while undergoing a docking procedure, the ISS [International Space Station] vibrates with a to-and-fro shaking motion.... Rattle :... Even though there are no sounds in the vacuum of space, it is very noisy inside the International Space Station. A lot of the noise comes from the rattling and creaking of fans and events.... Roll :... The long axis of the International Space Station rotates one complete revolution(end-over-end) during each full orbit around the Earth.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Stations orbitales
CONT

Affiche «Rock'n'roll spatial». Vibrations : [...] La Station spatiale internationale oscille. Si elle subit une légère poussée, comme suite à un choc causé par la navette pendant les procédures d'amarrage, l'ISS vibre dans un mouvement de va-et-vient. [...] Bruits : [...] Même si les sons ne se propagent pas dans le vide spatial, l'intérieur de la Station spatiale internationale est très bruyant. Bon nombre de ces bruits viennent des cliquetis et des craquements des ventilateurs et des évents d'aération. [...] Culbutes : [...] Le grand axe de la Station spatiale internationale effectue une révolution complète (de bout en bout) à chaque orbite que la station effectue autour de la Terre.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 13

Fiche 14 2003-12-08

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Launching and Space Maneuvering
CONT

R bar approach of the space shuttle towards the satellite ... along the radius vector.

OBS

For visualization purposes, the station's direction of motion is called the velocity vector, or V-bar for short. By convention, points in front of the station are said to be on the positive V-bar while points behind are considered negative. The imaginary line connecting the station with the center of the Earth is called the radius vector, or R-bar. Points directly below the station along this line are considered positive while points above are considered negative. Endeavour, then, will approach the station along the plus R-bar. The station will be oriented with its long axis aligned with the velocity vector, with the Unity module in "front" and Zvezda behind. Unity's nadir and zenith ports will be oriented as their names imply. This orientation, or attitude, is known as "XVV, "i. e., the station's X axis is aligned with the velocity vector. The terminal rendezvous sequence will begin with a rocket firing(TI) as Endeavour trails the station by about eight nautical miles. Once the shuttle reaches the plus R-bar, commander Brent Jett will guide the ship up from directly below. As he nears the station, he will yaw the shuttle 180 degrees so its tail is pointing in the direction of motion and its nose toward the minus V-bar. Assuming a good linkup, the shuttle will begin controlling the station's orientation for the duration of Endeavour's mission, moving the lab back into an "X-POP" attitude with the station's X axis perpendicular to the plane of its orbit. In this orientation, the long axis of the station is broadside to the velocity vector.

OBS

R-bar approach: term officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).

PHR

Minus R-bar approach.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Lancement et manœuvres dans l'espace
OBS

[L'] alignement du port d'amarrage de Mir avec celui situé dans la soute de la navette [...] doit être positionné sur une ligne imaginaire baptisée «R-bar», allant de Mir au centre de la Terre. Il s'agit de mettre à profit la mécanique céleste, qui veut que plus l'orbite est basse, plus la vitesse de rotation autour de la Terre est rapide. En s'approchant «par en-dessous» de la station, l'avion spatial bénéficie d'un freinage naturel.

OBS

approche en R-bar : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 14

Fiche 15 2003-10-23

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Spacecraft
CONT

The first X-38 atmospheric test vehicle... represents an innovative new spacecraft design as a technology testbed... Once operational, the successors to the X-38 may become the first new piloted spacecraft to travel to and from orbit in more than 20 years... The primary application of the new spacecraft would be as an International Space Station "lifeboat, "which would be delivered to the station by the Space Shuttle. The project also aims to develop a design that could be modified easily for other uses, such as a possible joint U. S. and European human spacecraft that could be launched on the French Ariane 5 booster.

OBS

A reusable single-stage-to-orbit launcher designed by Rotary Rocket Co. Built by putting a Sikorsky S-58 helicopter transmission and rotor on top of a graphite composite shell that is a full-scale representation of the 63-ft.-tall orbital launcher.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Engins spatiaux
CONT

Le véhicule d'essai ATV (Atmospheric Test Vehicle) de Rotary Rocket a effectué son troisième vol (3 min 47 s) le 12 octobre à Mojave (Californie).

CONT

Les résultats initiaux des travaux ont été récemment installés dans des équipements de contrôle au sol pour assister des tests de vol avec le véhicule d'essai atmosphérique X-38.

Espagnol

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Fiche 16 2003-05-20

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • System Names
  • Astronautics
OBS

RCA is developing a Shuttle Compatible Orbital Transfer Subsystem(SCOTS) for delivering communications satellites in a transfer orbit from the Space Shuttle parking orbit. SCOTS includes guidance and control equipment, a solid-rocket motor, and a reusable cradle assembly in the shuttle cargo bay. Separation from the bay is accomplished by a simple spring mechanism to eject the spacecraft into a nonspinning, free-float mode.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Noms de systèmes
  • Astronautique

Espagnol

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Fiche 17 2003-03-26

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Spacecraft
CONT

In basic terms, the initial NASA concept for the two-stage Space Shuttle called for a smaller manned winged vehicle to sit atop a larger manned winged vehicle. These would be pad-launched from a vertical position. The larger winged vehicle would be called the "Booster", while the smaller winged vehicle would be called the "Orbiter". The Booster would carry the Orbiter to an altitude of about 50 miles. The Orbiter would then separate and fire its own engines to reach orbit.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Engins spatiaux

Espagnol

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Fiche 18 2002-11-13

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Remote Sensing
  • Range Measurements (Telecommunications)
CONT

On the 1994 shuttle radar flights, 3-D images were created by flying on a near-repeating orbit, imaging targets twice from different perspectives. This approach works for individual targets, but requires extremely precise navigation on the second pass and wouldn’t be practical on a continuous mapping mission. With single-pass interferometry, two antennas fly in "formation, "collecting two sets of data simultaneously. SRTM's mast permits simultaneous measurements separated by a fixed distance.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Télédétection
  • Mesures à distance (Télécommunications)

Espagnol

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Fiche 19 2002-11-13

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Spacecraft
CONT

A single-stage to orbit(or SSTO) launcher describes an as-yet theoretical class of spacecraft designed to place a load into orbit as a self-contained vehicle without the use of multiple stages. No actual SSTO launchers have been constructed-current launches are either performed by multi-stage expendable rockets, or the Space Shuttle which is assisted by fuel tanks and solid fuel rockets that are jettisoned during the climb.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • single-stage-to-orbit launcher
  • single stage to orbit launcher
  • single stage to orbit satellite launcher

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Engins spatiaux
CONT

L'évolution vers le lanceur monoétage devrait se faire en trois phases. D'abord un bi-étage partiellement réutilisable à ergols liquide et boosters à poudre. Ensuite, un bi-étage complètement réutilisable uniquement à ergols liquides lui succédera avant l'apparition d'un monoétage à propulsion aérobie au-delà de 2020.

Espagnol

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Fiche 20 2002-10-03

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Spacecraft
  • Orbital Stations
OBS

The ERBS satellite, was deployed from the Space Shuttle Challenger in October 1984 by NASA Astronaut Sally Ride and later launched by the Shuttle "Challenger" crew into a 57 degree inclination precessing orbit with a period of approximately 72 days. In addition to the ERBE scanning and nonscanning instruments, the satellite also carried the Stratospheric Aerosol Gas Experiment(SAGE II).

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Engins spatiaux
  • Stations orbitales
Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • Satellite d'étude du bilan radiatif de la Terre
  • Satellite de mesure du bilan radiatif de la Terre

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Naves espaciales
  • Estaciones orbitales
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Fiche 21 2002-05-13

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Launching and Space Maneuvering
  • Orbital Stations
CONT

Assuming a good linkup, the shuttle will begin controlling the station's orientation for the duration of Endeavour's mission, moving the lab back into an "X-POP" attitude with the station's X axis perpendicular to the plane of its orbit. In this orientation, the long axis of the station is broadside to the velocity vector.

OBS

X-POP attitude: term officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Lancement et manœuvres dans l'espace
  • Stations orbitales
OBS

attitude X-POP : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).

Espagnol

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Fiche 22 2002-05-13

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Launching and Space Maneuvering
CONT

The imaginary line connecting the station with the center of the Earth is called the radius vector, or R-bar. Points directly below the station along this line are considered positive while points above are considered negative.

CONT

For visualization purposes, the station's direction of motion is called the velocity vector, or V-bar for short. By convention, points in front of the station are said to be on the positive V-bar while points behind are considered negative. The imaginary line connecting the station with the center of the Earth is called the radius vector, or R-bar. Points directly below the station along this line are considered positive while points above are considered negative. Endeavour, then, will approach the station along the plus R-bar. The station will be oriented with its long axis aligned with the velocity vector, with the Unity module in "front" and Zvezda behind. Unity's nadir and zenith ports will be oriented as their names imply. This orientation, or attitude, is known as "XVV, "i. e., the station's X axis is aligned with the velocity vector. The terminal rendezvous sequence will begin with a rocket firing(TI) as Endeavour trails the station by about eight nautical miles. Once the shuttle reaches the plus R-bar, commander Brent Jett will guide the ship up from directly below. As he nears the station, he will yaw the shuttle 180 degrees so its tail is pointing in the direction of motion and its nose toward the minus V-bar. Assuming a good linkup, the shuttle will begin controlling the station's orientation for the duration of Endeavour's mission, moving the lab back into an "X-POP" attitude with the station's X axis perpendicular to the plane of its orbit. In this orientation, the long axis of the station is broadside to the velocity vector.

OBS

R-bar: term officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).

PHR

Docking in R-bar axis.

PHR

R-bar approach.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Lancement et manœuvres dans l'espace
CONT

Atlantis s'est retrouvée alors sur l'Axe-R, cette ligne imaginaire reliant Mir au centre de la Terre.

OBS

axe-R : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).

Espagnol

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Fiche 23 2002-01-24

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Orbital Stations
CONT

The EXPRESS Rack concept was derived from the researchers’ desire to have a simple hardware interface and a streamlined process to get their experiments to orbit quickly. The EXPRESS Rack provides simple, standard interfaces. Two types of payload accommodations are offered : Middeck Locker type interfaces and International Subrack Interface Standard drawer interfaces. Middeck Locker interfaces are offered to allow payloads(a middeck locker or equivalent replacement container) that have previously flown in the shuttle middeck, Spacelab, SpaceHab, or MIR to transition to ISS [International Space Station] using the same interface. Eight single middeck locker positions are offered by the EXPRESS Rack. Single, double, or quad equivalent containers may be accommodated by the EXPRESS Rack in the locker positions.

OBS

middeck locker interface: term officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • mid-deck locker interface

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Stations orbitales
OBS

interface de casier standard du compartiment intermédiaire : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).

Espagnol

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Fiche 24 2001-10-25

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Spacecraft
CONT

The Payload Carriers Team is responsible for MSFC' s [Marshall Space Flight Center] Payload Carriers which is made up of two type of carriers : the Spacelab Logistics Pallet(SLP) and the Multi-Purpose Equipment Support Structure(MPESS). The Payload Carriers "bridge the gap" in payload accommodations available in the Space Shuttle's Payload Bay by providing unique structural, power, data and thermal resources to a variety of payloads. These carriers are designed to transport items safely through the rigors of high acceleration Shuttle launch and the vacuum of space while providing the flexibility to allow the Shuttle to minimize the mass transported to earth orbit.

OBS

Spacelab logistics pallet; SLP: term and abbreviation officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Engins spatiaux
CONT

Le Canadarm2 remettra au bras de la navette une palette Spacelab de 3 000 livres afin de la ranger dans la soute de la navette.

OBS

palette Spacelab; SLP : terme et abréviation uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).

Espagnol

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Fiche 25 2001-10-12

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Orbital Stations
CONT

Although the redesigned station is now being built as much as possible on the ground, the entire monolithic structure cannot be lobbed into orbit in one piece. The sections must be small enough to fit inside the Space Shuttle payload bay, which limits segments to about 15 ft(4. 6 m) in diameter and 45 ft(13. 7 m) in length. By the time the space frame truss segments are ready for launch, they have been fitted with such hardware as electric lines, batteries, antennas, gyroscopes, robotic arms, solar panel assemblies, and heat radiators. The actual truss is hard to identify once all the equipment is loaded onto it; there's no wasted space. Once the segments are in space the astronauts will simply bolt them together with a few fasteners and then connect hoses, ducts, and other utilities by plugging them into ports between sections.

OBS

truss segment: term officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Stations orbitales
CONT

[...] l'astronaute Williams, terminera une autre phase d'assemblage de la Station spatiale internationale en ajoutant un segment de poutre et des panneaux solaires.

OBS

segment de poutre : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).

Espagnol

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