TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any material that provides an indirect climate measure and includes documentary evidence of harvest dates, glacier movements, tree remains, marine microfaune, and isotope measurements including oxygen 18 in ice sheets, carbon 13 in tree rings, and CaCO₃ in sediments and speleothems.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - proxy%20climate%20indicator

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Paleoclimate studies using AMS [Accelerator Mass Spectrometry] radiocarbon... During the past several years, AMS measurements have increasingly supplanted the traditional counting method of dating since they offer greatly increased sensitivity(sub-milligram samples can be dated) and, in many instances, greater accuracy; they are also very much faster. However, the typical "bulk carbon" sample preparation techniques used for both AMS and... counting leave unanswered the question of just what is being dated, a grave disadvantage in palynological and other paleoclimate studies. In contrast, the extraction procedures that have been developed here typically produce purified pollen samples which can be clearly identified under the microscope; thus, an unambiguous proxy climate indicator-pollen-is dated, and nothing else.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - proxy%20climate%20indicator

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

There are 3 main problems in using proxy data: dating, lag and response time, and meteorological interpretation.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - proxy%20climate%20indicator

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le déterminant «substitutif» et le terme «substitution» sont surtout utilisés en statistique.  1, fiche 1, Français, - indicateur%20indirect%20du%20climat

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Of or relating to the climate of the Earth in the past ages.  3, fiche 2, Anglais, - paleoclimatic

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Paleoclimatic data. Three main types of biologic and geologic data were chosen that could provide quantitative or semiquantitative estimates of paleoclimate over subcontinental areas. They are pollen, lake levels, and marine plankton. These types of data have traditionally been used to construct conceptual models of climatic change, but are used here for comparisons with the model results.  4, fiche 2, Anglais, - paleoclimatic

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Relatif à un paléoclimat.  2, fiche 2, Français, - pal%C3%A9oclimatique

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Les reconstitutions paléoclimatiques illustrent pleinement que l'ensemble des phénomènes physiques, chimiques et biologiques qui gouvernent notre climat constitue un système oscillatoire non-linéaire, dont la réponse à une perturbation peut atteindre une ampleur sans commune mesure avec la cause qui lui a donné naissance.  3, fiche 2, Français, - pal%C3%A9oclimatique

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Les deux applications fondamentales du paléomagnétisme ont été [...] la mise en évidence du déplacement des pôles déjà suspecté à partir de considérations paléoclimatiques et [...] la découverte d'une alternance de périodes de polarité normale [...] et de polarité inverse, tout au long de l'histoire de la Terre.  4, fiche 2, Français, - pal%C3%A9oclimatique

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 CONT

[...] les red-beds correspondent à des conditions climatiques chaudes à caractère latéritique. [...] ces gîtes canadiens se situent dans des milieux paléoclimatiques proches de ceux définis par P. Nicolini au Congo.  5, fiche 2, Français, - pal%C3%A9oclimatique

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Análisis paleoclimático; inferencia, información paleoclimática.  1, fiche 2, Espagnol, - paleoclim%C3%A1tico

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Climate of a prehistoric period whose main characteristics may be inferred, for example, from geological and paleobiological (fossil) evidence.  5, fiche 3, Anglais, - paleoclimate

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Paleoclimate is climate that existed before humans began collecting instrumental measurements of weather such as temperature from a thermometer... Instead of instrumental measurements of weather and climate, paleoclimatologists use natural environmental records to infer past climate conditions.  6, fiche 3, Anglais, - paleoclimate

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Many ingested seeds, hair, feathers, and small animal bones within the coprolites may provide a reliable estimate of the paleoclimate of the time.  7, fiche 3, Anglais, - paleoclimate

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Arid paleoclimate.  8, fiche 3, Anglais, - paleoclimate

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Climat d'une période préhistorique dont les caractéristiques principales peuvent être reconstituées, par exemple, selon des faits géologiques ou paléobiologiques (fossiles).  4, fiche 3, Français, - pal%C3%A9oclimat

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'oxygène est un marqueur de température, et ses isotopes sont utilisés couramment pour la reconstitution des paléomilieux et des paléoclimats.  5, fiche 3, Français, - pal%C3%A9oclimat

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Paléoclimat aride.  6, fiche 3, Français, - pal%C3%A9oclimat

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Clima de un período prehistórico cuyas características principales pueden ser deducidas, por ejemplo, de las pruebas suministradas por la geología y la paleobiología (fósiles).  2, fiche 3, Espagnol, - paleoclima

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The aim of the PMIP project is to evaluate climate models under paleoclimate conditions and improve our understanding of past climate changes.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - Paleoclimate%20Model%20Intercomparison%20Project

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

CSHD is a multidisciplinary collaborative effort to integrate and develop national expertise in paleoclimate modelling and reconstruction.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - Climate%20System%20History%20and%20Dynamics

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le CSHD est un organisme multidisciplinaire qui a comme objectif l'intégration et l'élaboration d'une expertise nationale en modèlisation et en reconstitution du paléoclimat.  1, fiche 5, Français, - Climate%20System%20History%20and%20Dynamics

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The International Decade for the East African Lakes(IDEAL) was conceived to bring together the scientific community working on the East African Lakes. The goals of IDEAL are to : retrieve a long, high resolution record of climate change in tropical East Africa; to establish a comprehensive training program for African students and scientists in a research partnership between African and northern hemisphere scientists; and to investigate the biogeochemistry and physical dynamics of the lakes to better understand the paleoclimate record and to aid in understanding the lakes as unique regional resource.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - International%20Decade%20for%20the%20East%20African%20Lakes

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Appellation et abréviation confirmées par l'organisme.  2, fiche 6, Français, - International%20Decade%20for%20the%20East%20African%20Lakes

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

How do we determine past climate? Information about past climate is obtained from piecing evidence together from various sources, including: Ice cores ... Fossil Pollen ... Lake sediments ... Ocean sediment cores... Loess... Glaciers... Speleothems... Tree ring width ... Boreholes ... Instrumental Measurements and written or oral records: In New Zealand, quantitative records of temperature and other meteorological records are available only for the past 150 years. Such records must be analysed carefully, to identify the influence of any non-climate factors (such as changes in observing site or method, or encroaching urban development).  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - past%20climate

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Paleoclimatology is the study of past climate.... Paleoclimate is climate that existed before humans began collecting instrumental measurements of weather(such as temperature from a thermometer,...).  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - past%20climate

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Contrary to "paleoclimate", "past climate" also refers to climate in the "near" past(e. g. : approximately 150 years old) where information was also recorded by instrumental weather measurements.  4, fiche 7, Anglais, - past%20climate

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les climats passés peuvent être reconstitués. L'étude des arbres, des sédiments lacustres et marins, ainsi que des pollens permet une bonne reconstitution des températures d'années successives. Les observations instrumentales du climat (au moyen d'instruments de mesures comme les thermomètres, pluviomètres, baromètres, etc.), n'existent guère que depuis le milieu du XIXe siècle. Pour reconstituer les périodes antérieures, on fait appel à des indicateurs sensibles au climat que l'on trouve dans différents milieux naturels.  2, fiche 7, Français, - climat%20pass%C3%A9

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Ce sujet de doctorat [...] se répartit sur deux pôles d'intérêt principaux, c'est-à-dire l'étude du climat passé récent de ces dernières décennies ainsi que le développement d'outils d'analyse du climat futur.  3, fiche 7, Français, - climat%20pass%C3%A9

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

paléoclimat : Climat d'une période préhistorique dont les caractéristiques principales peuvent être reconstituées, p. ex. selon des faits géologiques ou paléobiologiques (fossiles).  4, fiche 7, Français, - climat%20pass%C3%A9

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A subdivision of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth Science Directorate, which is primarily engaged in studies of global climate change.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - Goddard%20Institute%20for%20Space%20Studies

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A key objective of GISS research is prediction of atmospheric and climate changes in the 21st century. The research combines analysis of comprehensive global datasets, derived mainly from spacecraft observations, with global models of atmospheric, land surface, and oceanic processes. The research approach includes study of past changes on Earth, such as paleoclimate changes, and study of other planetary atmospheres as an aid to prediction of future evolution of Earth on a planetary scale.  4, fiche 8, Anglais, - Goddard%20Institute%20for%20Space%20Studies

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Until about 15 years ago, most theoretical work concerning past climates was derived from conceptual models of climatic change and involved either qualitative reasoning from simple models or interpretation of the geologic record. The recent development of general-circulation models for the atmosphere and oceans has permitted quantitative paleoclimate modeling and thus led to a major advance in theoretical studies.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - paleoclimatic%20modeling

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Paleoclimatic data. Three main types of biologic and geologic data were chosen that could provide quantitative or semiquantitative estimates of paleoclimate over subcontinental areas. They are pollen, lake levels, and marine plankton. These types of data have traditionally been used to construct conceptual models of climatic change, but are used here for comparisons with the model results.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - paleoclimatic%20data

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les études isotopiques ont réussi à bien rendre compte des variations du CO2 dans le passé. (...) Cependant, si l'on excepte une possible extrapolation vers le futur de la confrontation des données isotopiques et paléoclimatiques, qui peut paraître quelque peu abusive, elles ne permettent pas de faire une prévision scientifique du niveau qu'atteindra dans un proche avenir la concentration atmosphérique du CO2.  1, fiche 10, Français, - donn%C3%A9es%20pal%C3%A9oclimatiques

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol