TERMIUM Plus^®

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Large eddy simulations of wind farms are often performed with canonical atmospheric conditions, where the background flow is based on precursor simulations with idealized model setups yielding statistically stationary turbulent flows. However, precursor simulations can only handle gradually changing flow conditions, and are not capable of modelling highly transient and statistically non-stationary flows, e. g. frontal passages or large gusts. Such flows frequently occur in nature, and can influence the operation—and potentially design—of wind turbines.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - background%20flow

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In the period 1979-1985, the petroleum industry provides a unique test of the agency theory of corporate restructuring. Background material is provided on the industry's corporate restructuring, along with an elaboration of the free cash flow hypothesis that underlies the agency theory.... The exploration expenditure decision is specified as following from 3 models : a neoclassical investment model and pure and hybrid variants of free cash flow hypotheses.... The size of the parameter estimates implies that the free cash flow hypothesis does not fully explain the restructuring gains.  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - free%20cash%20flow%20hypothesis

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Horse that is mainly white with coloured spots in his coat. If the background colour is not white, that colour should be specified in the description(e. g. sorrel leopard). A "patterned leopard" shows spots that seem to flow out of the flank(sometimes called raindrops).  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - leopard%20coat

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Flame Emissivity Detector. Another detector based on monitoring a specific property of a flame, its emissivity, was developed by Grant, who mixed coal gas in constant proportions with the effluent from a chromatographic column; this coal gas/effluent mixture burned at a wide stainless steel jet. The emissivity of the flame, changing as the flame's carbon content is varied, is measured with the aid of a metal reflector, glass condensing lens, and selenium photocell; these are held in place from each other at their proper optical distances.... For low background emissivity values, response is nonlinear. However, by controlling the coal gas flow rate to maintain emissivity between 0. 60 and 0. 80 mV, detector response is linear over a wide temperature range.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - flame%20emissivity%20detector

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For the determination of combustible components of organic origin in gas chromatographic effluents, various principles of detection based on flame reactions have been utilized, namely, the hydrogen flame temperature, flame emissivity, and flame ionization detectors. In all reported systems, specific flame properties were monitored. Whereas Scott measured the flame temperature of the exit gas at a small jet and Grant the flame’s emissivity by optical means, Mc William and Dewar and Harley et al. advanced new detection concepts based on the electrical or ionization properties of hydrogen/oxygen flames.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - flame%20emissivity%20detector

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[Nelson, Ressler, and Hawes] noted that sensitivity of radiation detection in terms of peak height for a given amount of injected activity is a function of many variables :(1) chamber volume,(2) type of radioactive emitter...,(3) noise and background level,(4) diluent gas, and(5) carrier and diluent gas flow rates.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - radioactive%20emitter

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