TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An off-white to pale yellow heterocyclic organic compound formed by replacing the hydrogen in position 4 (or 5) of imidazole by a methyl group.  5, record 1, English, - 4%2Dmethylimidazole

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

4-methylimidazole(4-MEI) is a compound used to make certain pharmaceuticals, photographic chemicals, dyes and pigments, cleaning and agricultural chemicals, and rubber products. 4-MEI is formed during the production of certain caramel coloring agents used in many food and drink products. It may also be formed during the cooking, roasting, or other processing of some foods and beverages.... Studies published in 2007 by the [U. S. ] federal government's National Toxicology Program showed that long-term exposure to 4-MEI resulted in increases in lung cancer in male and female mice. These findings were the basis for the addition of 4-MEI to California's Proposition 65 list of carcinogens.  6, record 1, English, - 4%2Dmethylimidazole

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

2-methylimidazole and 4-methylimidazole are intermediate/starting materials or components in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, photographic and photothermographic chemicals, dyes and pigments, agricultural chemicals, and rubber. These chemicals have been identified as undesirable by-products in several foods and have been detected in mainstream and sidestream tobacco smoke. The National Cancer Institute nominated 2- and 4-methylimidazole as candidates for toxicity and carcinogenicity studies. Toxicity studies were carried out in male and female F344/N rats and ...  7, record 1, English, - 4%2Dmethylimidazole

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Concern has arisen about the presence of 4-MEI in caramel color(which is the most-used food and beverage coloring)... Dark beers and common brands of cola drinks may contain...  2, record 1, English, - 4%2Dmethylimidazole

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 4 CONT

... Since imidazole also exists in tautomeric forms, either of the nitrogen atoms can bear the hydrogen atom, the two nitrogens become indistinguishable and the numbering becomes rather complex for mono-substituted imidazoles. As a consequence of this, 4-methylimidazole is identical with 5-methylimidazole and, depending on the position of the imino hydrogen, such a compound may be designated either 4- or 5-methylimidazole. As only one substance that may be a single tautomer or an equilibrium mixture is known, it would be incorrect to call it eithier 4- or 5-methylimidazole. Such a compound is instead designated as 4(5)-methylimidazole.  8, record 1, English, - 4%2Dmethylimidazole

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

4(5)-methylimidazole; 4(or 5)-methylimidazole; 5-methylimidazole; 5-methyl-1H-imidazole: 4-methylimidazole and 5-methylimidazole are tautomers (structural isomers that are readily interconvertible) and are therefore usually considered to be synonymous (i.e. considered to be the same chemical compound). They have the same molecular formula and CAS Registry Number (CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service).  5, record 1, English, - 4%2Dmethylimidazole

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formulas: C₄H₆N₂ or H₃C-C₃H₃N₂  5, record 1, English, - 4%2Dmethylimidazole

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Composé chimique hétérocyclique de couleur blanc cassé à jaune pâle, formé en remplaçant l'hydrogène en position 4 (ou 5) de l'imidazole par un groupe méthyle.  4, record 1, French, - 4%2Dm%C3%A9thylimidazole

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Considéré comme étant probablement cancérigène, on retrouve ce produit lors de la fabrication de colorants caramel présents dans beaucoup d'aliments et de boissons (p. ex. boissons à base de cola, bières brunes) et à la suite du rôtissage d'aliments (p. ex. café et viande).  4, record 1, French, - 4%2Dm%C3%A9thylimidazole

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Il sert à fabriquer des produits pharmaceutiques, des produits pour le nettoyage, des produits utilisés en photographie et en agriculture, des teintures et des pigments, et des produits à base de caoutchouc.  4, record 1, French, - 4%2Dm%C3%A9thylimidazole

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 OBS

4(ou 5)-méthylimidazole; 5-méthyl-1H-imidazole; 5-méthylimidazole : Le 4-méthylimidazole et le 5-méthylimidazole sont des tautomères (isomères interconvertibles) et sont donc souvent considérés comme étant le même composé chimique.  4, record 1, French, - 4%2Dm%C3%A9thylimidazole

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 4 OBS

méthyl-4 iminazole : «Imidazole» s'écrit également «iminazole».  5, record 1, French, - 4%2Dm%C3%A9thylimidazole

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 5 OBS

Formules chimiques : C₄H₆N₂ ou H₃C-C₃H₃N₂ ou CH₃-C₃H₃N₂  4, record 1, French, - 4%2Dm%C3%A9thylimidazole

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] carotenoid pigment... found in red-or pink-colored aquatic organisms[, ] such as shrimp, lobster, and salmon[, ] and the feathers of some birds that is used especially as a food coloring and dietary supplement.  2, record 2, English, - astaxanthin

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Astaxanthin is added to the salmon’s diet because it adds a pinkish colour to the muscle tissue.  3, record 2, English, - astaxanthin

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formula: C₄₀H₅₂O₄  4, record 2, English, - astaxanthin

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pigment caroténoïde trouvé dans la carapace de certains crustacés.  1, record 2, French, - astaxanthine

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

L'astaxanthine est ajoutée au régime des salmonidés pour donner une couleur rosâtre aux tissus musculaires.  1, record 2, French, - astaxanthine

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] pigmento liposoluble [carotenoide, que] se puede encontrar en microalgas[,] levaduras[,] salmón, trucha, crustáceos[y] plumas de algunas aves.  1, record 2, Spanish, - astaxantina

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química: C₄₀H₅₂O₄  2, record 2, Spanish, - astaxantina

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A synthetic coloring matter, a coal-tar derivative widely used in food : pastry, soft drinks, gelatin desserts, cereals, etc. May cause allergic reactions.  8, record 3, English, - sunset%20yellow%20FCF

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

sunset yellow FCF: term found in the yellow section of PMA-1.  9, record 3, English, - sunset%20yellow%20FCF

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nom véritable de l'additif : Jaune Orangé S; Nom de code : E 110. Dans quels aliments on le trouve : Pâtisserie, confiserie, biscuiterie, poisson séché et salé. But recherché par le fabricant : Colorant orange. Ce qu'en pensent les toxicologues : Produit synthétique. Risques d'allergie.  5, record 3, French, - jaune%20soleil%20FCF

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les renseignements se trouvent sous forme de tableau.  6, record 3, French, - jaune%20soleil%20FCF

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Food coloring agents certified by the FDA(American Food and Drug Administration) ;they may be organic or inorganic, natural or synthetic, and must satisfy strict regulations as to toxicity.  2, record 4, English, - certified%20food%20color

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Previous to 1959, the certified food colors were dyes only; that year, however, the lakes of the dyes were added to the list. Lakes are pigments. The present certified color additive list consists of two major classifications: dyes and lakes.  3, record 4, English, - certified%20food%20color

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

According to the law (especially in the U.S.A.), we should not confuse "permitted food color" and "certified food color." Some color additives (as carbon black) are permitted in food but are listed on the list of "uncertified food colors."  2, record 4, English, - certified%20food%20color

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Matière colorante, d'origine naturelle ou synthétique, dont la Loi permet l'utilisation comme additif alimentaire; cette autorisation est le plus souvent assortie de conditions relatives à l'innocuité du colorant, compte tenu de sa provenance, de sa composition, de l'étiquetage, etc.  1, record 4, French, - colorant%20alimentaire%20autoris%C3%A9

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Certains colorants alimentaires sont dits «tolérés» : l'industrie en fait usage alors même qu'ils n'ont pas été officiellement autorisés (et tant qu'ils ne sont pas l'objet d'une interdiction pure et simple).  1, record 4, French, - colorant%20alimentaire%20autoris%C3%A9

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Colorantes autorizados. Colorantes que pueden utilizarse en los productos alimenticios, así como sus condiciones de uso, se armonizan para proteger la salud de los consumidores e impedir que las diferencias en las legislaciones nacionales entorpezcan la libre circulación de los productos alimenticios.  1, record 4, Spanish, - colorante%20autorizado%20para%20uso%20alimentario

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Un colorante certificado implica que su pureza y composición están determinadas y avaladas por una autoridad competente, son consistentes en su potencia.  3, record 4, Spanish, - colorante%20autorizado%20para%20uso%20alimentario

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Los] colorantes autorizados [...] se recogen en una lista que se actualiza con regularidad.  1, record 4, Spanish, - colorante%20autorizado%20para%20uso%20alimentario

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The reaction product of alcoholic potassium or sodium hydroxide and alcoholic leaf extracts, used in food coloring, dyes, deodorants, and medicine.  2, record 5, English, - chlorophyllin

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In this reaction, the methyl and phytyl groups are replaced by alkali but the magnesium is not replaced.  2, record 5, English, - chlorophyllin

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chlorophylline [alpha]: Produit de saponification de la chlorophylle [alpha] par les alcalis; [...]  2, record 5, French, - chlorophylline

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chlorophylline [bêta]: Produit de saponification de la chlorophylle [bêta] par les alcalis; [...]  2, record 5, French, - chlorophylline

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Producto resultante de la reacción entre potasa alcohólica o hidróxido sódico y extracto alcohólico de las hojas.  1, record 5, Spanish, - clorofilina

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A yellow coloring originally isolated from egg yolk, now isolated from petals of flowers. Occurs also in colored feathers of birds. One of the most widespread carotenoid alcohols(a group of red and yellow pigments) in nature. Provisionally listed for use in food.  3, record 6, English, - xanthophyll

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chemical formula: C₄₀H₅₆O₂  4, record 6, English, - xanthophyll

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Although carotenoids can usually be turned into Vitamin A, xanthophyll has no Vitamin A activity.  3, record 6, English, - xanthophyll

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Composé hétérocyclique de structure cristalline, obtenu par réduction de xanthone.  3, record 6, French, - xanthophylle

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Xanthophylle. [...] Autorisés pour la coloration en masse et en surface des beurres, fromages [...]  4, record 6, French, - xanthophylle

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Employé en synthèse organique (colorants, fongicides, etc.).  3, record 6, French, - xanthophylle

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Ne pas confondre avec l'homographe «lutéine», qui est synonyme de progestérone.  5, record 6, French, - xanthophylle

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Formule chimique : C₄₀H₅₆O₂  5, record 6, French, - xanthophylle

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Compuesto químico perteneciente al grupo de las xantófilas. Es un pigmento amarillo encontrado en plantas, algas y bacterias fotosintéticas. Se utiliza como aditivo en el tratamiento comercial de los alimentos.  2, record 6, Spanish, - lute%C3%ADna

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El código alimentario asignado por la Unión europea es E-161b. Algunas de las fuentes de luteína son pimientos rojos, coles, repollo, lechuga, espinacas, maíz, mostaza y yemas de huevo.  2, record 6, Spanish, - lute%C3%ADna

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química: C₄₀H₅₆O₂  3, record 6, Spanish, - lute%C3%ADna

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A red dye made of the dried bodies of the female cochineal insect (Coccus cacti), found in Central America and Mexico; used as a biological stain and indicator.  3, record 7, English, - cochineal

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cochineal. [Its] coloring principle is carminic acid... Uses :Coloring food, medicinal products, toilet preparations; manufacture of red and pink lakes and carmine; indicator in analytical chemistry; inks; dyeing.  4, record 7, English, - cochineal

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Matière colorante rouge, obtenue en épuisant avec l'eau bouillante les femelles desséchées de l'insecte Coccus cacti. Contient 9 à 10 % d'acide carminique, de la tyrosine, des résines. Sert à teindre les tissus, les bonbons, les liqueurs.  2, record 7, French, - cochenille

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La cochenille est utilisée comme colorant (produits alimentaires et pharmaceutiques, laques, indicateur en chimie analytique, teinture sur laine et sur soie, encres, fards et cosmétiques).  3, record 7, French, - cochenille

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sustancia roja obtenida a partir de los cuerpos secos de las hembras del insecto Coccus cacti. El colorante principal es el ácido carmínico.  2, record 7, Spanish, - cochinilla

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A chemical product which appears under the form of a yellowish-gray or pale greenish-yellow, fine powder or of granules, with a slight odour, the solution(1 in 20) being acid to litmus, which is soluble in water and glycerol, is insoluble in alcohol, is combustible, which constitutes a dietary source of iron for anaemic persons and is used as a coloring and a flavoring agent in the food industry.  4, record 8, English, - iron%28II%29%20D%2Dgluconate

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

iron(II) D-gluconate: The letter "D" is a small capital.  1, record 8, English, - iron%28II%29%20D%2Dgluconate

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Also known under a large number of commercial or trade names, such as: Fergon, Ferlucon, ferronicum, gluco-ferrum, iromin, Irox, nionate, ray-gluciron.  4, record 8, English, - iron%28II%29%20D%2Dgluconate

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Chemical formula: Fe(C₆H₁₁O₇)₂ or C₁₂H₂₂O₁₄·Fe  4, record 8, English, - iron%28II%29%20D%2Dgluconate

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Produit chimique se présentant sous la forme d'une poudre ou de granules combustibles, d'un gris-jaunâtre ou d'un jaune tirant sur le vert, soluble dans l'eau et la glycérine, insoluble dans l'alcool, constituant une source diététique de fer dans les cas d'anémie et utilisé comme colorant alimentaire et comme aromatisant.  4, record 8, French, - D%2Dgluconate%20de%20fer%28II%29

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

D-gluconate de fer(II) : La lettre «D» est une petite majuscule.  4, record 8, French, - D%2Dgluconate%20de%20fer%28II%29

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Formule chimique : Fe(C₆H₁₁O₇)₂ ou C₁₂H₂₂O₁₄·Fe  4, record 8, French, - D%2Dgluconate%20de%20fer%28II%29

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química: Fe(C₆H₁₁O₇)₂ o C₁₂H₂₂O₁₄·Fe  2, record 8, Spanish, - gluconato%20ferroso

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

White to black powder, depending on purity; is also prepared in two crystalline forms anatase ... and rutile. ... It has the greatest hiding power of all white pigments.  2, record 9, English, - titanium%20dioxide

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Titanium dioxide.... Used in pharmacy(ointments) and food(coloring).  5, record 9, English, - titanium%20dioxide

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

About 95% of the total titanium mineral production, from both primary magmatic deposits and heavy mineral placer deposits, is used in the production of titanium dioxide.  6, record 9, English, - titanium%20dioxide

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chemical formula: TiO₂  7, record 9, English, - titanium%20dioxide

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pigment blanc. Pigment white 6 - Cl 77 891. Existe sous deux formes (rutile ou anatase). Utilisation : peintures en général. [Définition normalisée par l'AFNOR et reproduite avec son autorisation.]  7, record 9, French, - dioxyde%20de%20titane

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Anhydride titanique. Poudre amorphe [...] naturellement présente dans certains minéraux (minerais de titane, etc.). On l'emploie en pharmacie (pommades) et en alimentation (colorant).  8, record 9, French, - dioxyde%20de%20titane

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Environ 95 % de la production totale de minerai titanifère provenant de gisements magmatiques ou de placers de minéraux lourds servent à la production de bioxyde de titane.  9, record 9, French, - dioxyde%20de%20titane

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Selon le Dictionnaire de la chimie et de ses applications (DCHIM, p. 1014), l'anhydride titanique serait le constituant principal du pigment connu sous le nom de «blanc de titane».  10, record 9, French, - dioxyde%20de%20titane

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Formule chimique : TiO₂  10, record 9, French, - dioxyde%20de%20titane

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 3 OBS

dioxyde de titane : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR.  11, record 9, French, - dioxyde%20de%20titane

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pigmento inorgánico blanco, que contiene dióxido de titanio, y que se utiliza en la preparación de pinturas.  1, record 9, Spanish, - blanco%20de%20titanio

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química: TiO₂  2, record 9, Spanish, - blanco%20de%20titanio

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A calcium salt of carbonic acid that occurs naturally in limestone and is available as a white, odorless and tasteless powder.  2, record 10, English, - calcium%20carbonate

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Widely used by the food industry : a coloring agent(white), pH stabilizer, leavening powder ingredient, thickener, etc.  2, record 10, English, - calcium%20carbonate

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formula: CCaO₃ or CaCO₃  3, record 10, English, - calcium%20carbonate

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sel de calcium de l'acide carbonique, naturellement présent dans les roches calcaires et se présentant sous la forme d'une poudre blanche, inodore et insipide. Largement utilisé par l'industrie alimentaire : colorant (blanc), neutralisant, ingrédient des poudres levantes, raffermisseur, etc.  1, record 10, French, - carbonate%20de%20calcium

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Formule chimique : CCaO₃ ou CaCO₃  2, record 10, French, - carbonate%20de%20calcium

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Colors and coloring adjuncts.-Substances used to impart, preserve or enhance the color or shading of a food. Includes stabilizers, fixatives, and retention agents.  1, record 11, English, - coloring%20adjunct

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Adjuvant : Auxiliaire de fabrication utilisé pour renforcer l'efficacité d'un produit ou sa qualité fonctionnelle.  2, record 11, French, - adjuvant%20de%20coloration

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Équivalent proposé par analogie avec «adjuvant du goût» (Dictionnaire des industries alimentaires, p. 11) et avec des termes tels que «adjuvant de blanchiment», «adjuvant de coagulation», etc.  1, record 11, French, - adjuvant%20de%20coloration

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the food product... which is made exclusively from milk or cream, or both, with or without common salt, and with or without additional coloring matter, and contains not less than eighty percent by weight of milk fat, all tolerances allowed for.  2, record 12, English, - butter

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] produit exclusivement obtenu par barattage, soit de la crème, soit du lait ou de ses sous-produits, et suffisamment débarrassé de lait et d'eau par malaxage et lavage, pour ne plus renfermer, par 100g, que 18g au maximum de matières non grasses, dont 16g au maximum d'eau.  2, record 12, French, - beurre

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Producto obtenido de la leche o de la crema por agitación o por batimiento, ya usando máquinas a propósito, ya mazando la leche en odres.  3, record 12, Spanish, - mantequilla

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Wheat germ from which most of the fats (oil) have been removed.  3, record 13, English, - defatted%20wheat%20germ

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Illustrative of defatted wheat germ suitable as starting material for the process of [the food coloring and flavoring agent] are those defatted products which have been obtained by subjecting wheat germ to solvent extraction and defatting...  3, record 13, English, - defatted%20wheat%20germ

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A food additive derived from saccharose or glucose by thermal degradation [used as] flavoring and coloring agent for soups, beverages, pastries and candy.  1, record 14, English, - caramel

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Caramel is used in making carbonated beverages, baked goods, candies, soups, and sauces.  4, record 14, English, - caramel

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Additif alimentaire résultant de la dégradation thermique du saccharose ou du glucose, [utilisé comme aromatisant] et colorant pour soupes, boissons, pâtisseries et bonbons.  2, record 14, French, - caramel

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A fine textured substance, that is common food ingredient in Europe and most notably used in British cooking, made from cornflour, salt, flavorings, and annatto coloring...  2, record 15, English, - custard%20powder

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Food coloring agents may be organic or inorganic, natural or synthetic. Prominent among them are the(erroneously called) coal-tar colors certified for food use in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration. These and certain vegetable colors such as annatto, turmeric, and beta-carotene(now also produced synthetically) have wide usage in butter and margarine, mustard and other condiments, candies, ice cream, cake toppings, beverages, and other products. The greater variety, coloring value, and stability of synthetic, as compared to natural, colors favor their use in processed foods.  1, record 16, English, - food%20coloring%20agent

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Produit chimique utilisé pour la fabrication de certaines denrées alimentaires.  3, record 16, French, - colorant%20alimentaire

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'addition de colorants à certains aliments est autorisée. Ce sont soit des constituants des plantes habituellement consommées tels que les chlorophylles (légumes verts), la bétaïne (betterave rouge), le carotène (carotte), les anthocyanes (raisin, cassis), soit des substances extraites d'animaux ou de végétaux ne participant pas à notre alimentation normale telles la cochenille et l'indigotine, ou encore des substances obtenues à partir de substances naturelles mais ayant subi une transformation (caramel), ou enfin des produits de synthèse.  2, record 16, French, - colorant%20alimentaire

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Substancia empleada en la coloración de ciertos alimentos.  1, record 16, Spanish, - colorante

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

colorante: Término utilizado para los fines del Codex Alimentarius.  3, record 16, Spanish, - colorante

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The red pigment of the root of the beet.  1, record 17, English, - betanin

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Beet red [is a] Natural color permitted in or upon apple (or rhubarb) and [other fruit] jam; bread; butter; concentrated fruit juice ... ice cream ...  5, record 17, English, - betanin

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

According to the Technical Report no 557 of the World Health Organization, this product is used as a food colour.  6, record 17, English, - betanin

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

beet red : Some authors consider "beet red" and "betanin" as synonyms, while others make a slight distinction between these two food coloring products.  6, record 17, English, - betanin

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 3 OBS

common red : Some authors consider "common red" and "betanin" as synonyms, while others make a slight distinction between these two food coloring products.  6, record 17, English, - betanin

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pigment rouge des racines de betterave. Colorant alimentaire pour confitures, marmelades, jus de fruits, crèmes glacées.  1, record 17, French, - b%C3%A9tanine

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

rouge de betterave : Certains auteurs considèrent le «rouge de betterave» comme synonyme de la «bétanine», tandis que d'autres les voient comme deux colorants de même nature (l'un provenant de l'autre), mais non identiques.  3, record 17, French, - b%C3%A9tanine

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Burgundy red] food coloring... used in soft drinks, ice cream, pistachio nuts, candy, baked goods, pet foods, sausage, breakfast cereals, and other foods.  2, record 18, English, - amaranth

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

FD & C Red No. 2: FD and C Colors is the designation for the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Colors in the United States.  5, record 18, English, - amaranth

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Since 1975, it has been banned from food use in Sweden and the USA [Food and Drug Administration].  3, record 18, English, - amaranth

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Colorant pourpre de synthèse, utilisé pour les conserves de fruits rouges (cerises, fraises). Employé aussi en fromagerie, charcuterie, confiserie.  2, record 18, French, - amarante

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sal trisódica del ácido 1-(4-sulfo-1 naftilazo)-naftol-3, 6 disulfónico, que por su llamativo color rojo se utiliza como colorante alimentario.  2, record 18, Spanish, - amaranto

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tin is a metal which can combine with other chemicals to form compounds. When tin is combined with chemicals such as chlorine, sulfur, or oxygen, it is called an inorganic tin compound. Inorganic tin compounds are found in small amounts in the earth's crust. They are present in toothpaste, perfumes, soaps, coloring agents, and dyes. Tin can also combine with carbon-containing materials to form organotin compounds. These compounds are used in making plastics, food packages, plastic pipes, pesticides, paints, wood preservatives, and rodent(rats and mice) repellents. There can be tin metal, as well as inorganic and organic tin compounds in the air, water, and soil near places where they are naturally present in the rocks, mined, manufactured, or used.  3, record 19, English, - inorganic%20tin%20compound

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Inorganic tin compounds are used as pigments in the ceramic and textile industry ... The low toxicity of tin and inorganic tin compounds is the result largely of its low absorption, low tissue accumulation, and rapid excretion, primarily in the faeces.  4, record 19, English, - inorganic%20tin%20compound

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The air emissions from the hot end coating line consist predominately of particulate matter, hydrogen chloride, organic tins and inorganic tins.  5, record 19, English, - inorganic%20tin%20compound

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] certains composés organostanniques pénètrent dans l'environnement, mais on ne saurait dire si c'est parce qu'ils sont utilisés comme pesticides ou à d'autres fins, ou encore s'ils sont produits par la méthylation naturelle de composés inorganiques de l'étain.  3, record 19, French, - compos%C3%A9%20inorganique%20de%20l%27%C3%A9tain

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les composés inorganiques de l'étain sont employés comme pigments dans les industries de la céramique et du textile.  4, record 19, French, - compos%C3%A9%20inorganique%20de%20l%27%C3%A9tain

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 3 CONT

L'inhalation d'oxyde d'étain peut provoquer de la «stannose», qui est une pneumoconiose apparemment peu grave (l'étain inorganique reste au niveau du poumon).  5, record 19, French, - compos%C3%A9%20inorganique%20de%20l%27%C3%A9tain

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A red-brown carotenoid acid ester ... constituting the chief coloring matter of annatto and used similarly.  2, record 20, English, - bixin

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A coloring for food and pharmaceuticals.  3, record 20, English, - bixin

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Principal pigment (caroténoïde) du rocou, soluble dans l'acétone (à chaud), insoluble dans l'eau. Colorant pour denrées alimentaires et produits pharmaceutiques.  1, record 20, French, - bixine

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A food coloring for cured meats and sausages, candy, syrups, cheese, etc., derived from coal tar or prepared synthetically from aniline.  2, record 21, English, - quinoline%20yellow

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

According to the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (WHOTR-557E), this product is used as a food colour.  3, record 21, English, - quinoline%20yellow

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

According to the Analytical Methods and Techniques for Colours in Food (NHW-161E, 1981, p. A IV-2), quinoline yellow is not used for colouring foods in Canada, U.S.A. and some other countries.  4, record 21, English, - quinoline%20yellow

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Colorant alimentaire pour charcuteries, bonbons, sirops, fromages, etc.; dérivé du goudron de houille ou synthétisé à partir de l'aniline.  2, record 21, French, - jaune%20de%20quinol%C3%A9ine

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

D'après «Techniques et méthodes d'analyse des colorants alimentaires» (NHW-161F, 1981 page AiV-2), quelques pays, dont le Canada et les États-Unis, s'abstiennent d'autoriser le jaune de quinoléine comme colorant alimentaire.  3, record 21, French, - jaune%20de%20quinol%C3%A9ine

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... discoveries that resulted in the development of aniline and the coal-tar dyes led eventually to many of the synthetic colors now added to food.  6, record 22, English, - coal%2Dtar%20dye

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Prominent among [food coloring agents] are the... coal-tar colors certified for food use in the United States by the Food and Drug Administration. These and certain vegetable colors... have wide usage in butter and margarine, mustard and other condiments, candies... The greater variety, coloring value, and stability of synthetic, as compared to natural, colors favor their use in processed foods.  5, record 22, English, - coal%2Dtar%20dye

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Although, technically, there is a distinction between the terms "dye" and "colour", according to Dr. Conacher, Food Research Division, Health and Welfare, they are used synonymously in literature about food additives.  7, record 22, English, - coal%2Dtar%20dye

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En 1856 [...] William Perkin, observa en effet qu'en oxydant l'aniline impure [...] il se formait un colorant mauve [...] Stimulés par ce succès, d'autres chimistes soumirent l'aniline à l'action de divers oxydants, ou d'autres réactifs, et bientôt apparurent d'autres «colorants d'aniline». [...] Très vite, empiriquement, se développa une industrie qui utilisait comme matière première le goudron de houille : d'où les noms de colorants du goudron de houille ou de colorants d'aniline, quoique le goudron ne renferme aucun colorant.  1, record 22, French, - colorant%20du%20goudron%20de%20houille

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A non-toxic coloring agent for food.  2, record 23, English, - beta%2Dapo%2D8%27%2Dcarotenal

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Instead of "beta", a Greek letter is used in the Technical Report no 557 published by the World Health Organisation.  3, record 23, English, - beta%2Dapo%2D8%27%2Dcarotenal

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Colorant alimentaire autorisé, dérivé du bêta-carotène.  2, record 23, French, - b%C3%AAta%2Dapo%2D8%27carot%C3%A9nal

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La lettre grecque remplace «bêta» dans le rapport technique no 557 de l'Organisation Mondiale de la Santé.  5, record 23, French, - b%C3%AAta%2Dapo%2D8%27carot%C3%A9nal

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

«Bêta-apocaroténal-8'» semble plus conforme à la nomenclature française que les autres équivalents. Sa graphie est basée sur celles de «bêta-apocaroténal-4» et de «bêta-apocarétonal-2» figurant dans le Dictionnaire de la chimie de A. Duval, p. 89.  2, record 23, French, - b%C3%AAta%2Dapo%2D8%27carot%C3%A9nal

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 3 OBS

«Bêta», deuxième lettre de l'alphabet grec, s'écrit toujours en français avec un accent circonflexe sur le e.  6, record 23, French, - b%C3%AAta%2Dapo%2D8%27carot%C3%A9nal

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Colors and coloring adjuncts.-Substance used to impart, preserve or enhance the color or shading of a food. Includes stabilizers, fixatives, and retention agents.  2, record 24, English, - color%20stabilizer

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Les] stabilisants de la couleur [s'utilisent pour la] prévention du noircissement et des autres modifications de la couleur [; tels sont l']anhydride sulfureux et [les] sulfites, [les] nitrite et nitrate de sodium, [l']acide ascorbique [, etc., employés dans le cas des] végétaux traités et mis en boîte, conserves de viande en boîte [, etc.]  1, record 24, French, - stabilisant%20de%20la%20couleur

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish