TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Microbial growth refers to an increase in the number of cells rather than an increase in cell size.  4, record 1, English, - microbial%20growth

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

croissance microbienne : Étant donné que la notion renvoie à l'augmentation du nombre de microbes dans un milieu donné et non à l'augmentation de la taille d'un microbe en particulier, le terme «croissance microbienne» est à éviter.  4, record 1, French, - prolif%C3%A9ration%20microbienne

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Deterioration in the color, flavor, odor, or consistency of a food product.  3, record 2, English, - food%20spoilage

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Any perceivable change undergone by a food, through any cause, that renders it unwholesome or unacceptable for use. Spoilage is usually the result of enzyme or microbial action resulting, for example, in lipolytic rancidity, putrefaction, fermentation, or mould growth; but food can also spoil by other means, for example overlong storage, non-enzymic browning, or exposure to air or light. In practice the term is most frequently applied to categorising such deteriorative changes(other than food infection or intoxication) when caused by microorganisms.  4, record 2, English, - food%20spoilage

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Changement, modification, transformation d'un produit alimentaire due à des facteurs chimiques et biologiques responsables de la diminution de sa qualité.  4, record 2, French, - alt%C3%A9ration

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Proceso de degradación de los nutrientes del alimento.  2, record 2, Spanish, - descomposici%C3%B3n%20de%20alimentos

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La descomposición de los alimentos se debe a la acción de microorganismos como las bacterias que se encuentran presentes en el medio ambiente. Pero, los alimentos también se echan a perder debido a temperaturas altas, humedad, luz, oxígeno o simplemente con el paso del tiempo. Todos estos factores intervienen en un proceso químico y físico que transforma las sustancias de los alimentos.  3, record 2, Spanish, - descomposici%C3%B3n%20de%20alimentos

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Mycoprotein is the generic name given to the ribonucleic acid-reduced biomass comprising the hyphae(cells) of the organism culture PTA 2684 grown under axenic conditions(i. e., without adventitious microbial growth) in a continuous fermentation process.  1, record 3, English, - mycoprotein

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le Royaume-Uni dispose d'un système d'évaluation de la sécurité de tous les nouveaux aliments depuis plusieurs années. Le premier aliment, la mycoprotéine, a été autorisé en 1983.  1, record 3, French, - mycoprot%C3%A9ine

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Proteína fúngica.  1, record 3, Spanish, - micoprote%C3%ADna

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Textiles can be endowed with antibacterial activity in a variety of ways. Soil-repellent fluoropolymers have hydrophobic properties which reduce soiling on textiles and, secondarily, microbial growth. Small molecules such as silver, zinc, copper and quarternary ammonium compounds show antibacterial activity. Silver-coated dressings have been used in wound care... Antibacterial gaents may be added to synthetic fibers in the spinning process, but they can also be fixated to supramolecular compounds on the textile surface. Cyclodextrins are ring-like carbohydrates which form complexes with ’guest’ substances. They can be used as transdermal collector systems in toxicology monitoring, but also to diminish bacterial contamination at sweat-prone sites(so-called odor-controlling textiles) or as antibacterial textiles.  1, record 4, English, - antibacterial%20textile

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Textile] obtenu par dépôt, apprêtage ou greffage d'un agent antibactérien dans le polymère.  2, record 4, French, - textile%20antibact%C3%A9rien

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un textile antibactérien permanent. Le Bactenet [...] (France) tue les bactéries qui viennent en contact avec lui car il est fabriqué à partir d'une fibre par elle-même antibactérienne. En effet, grâce à l'incorporation, de manière indissociable, dans les fibres qui le composent d'un bactéricide inorganique de synthèse mélangé à de microscopiques particules métalliques, il se dégage sous l'effet de l'humidité de l'oxygène actif qui détruit les germes et les champignons infectieux. L'effet bactéricide autodésinfectant est permanent [...] C'est l'eau, ou l'humidité de l'air qui déclenche un effet de catalyse dégageant de l'oxygène actif.  3, record 4, French, - textile%20antibact%C3%A9rien

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Packaging gases in food are inert gases employed to occupy space in packaging. If ordinary air is used, this may encourage microbial growth or oxidation of the food.  1, record 5, English, - packaging%20gas

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

E938 Argon is a packaging gas used in the food industry.  2, record 5, English, - packaging%20gas

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gaz autres que l'air, placés dans un contenant avant, pendant ou après l'introduction d'une denrée alimentaire dans ce contenant.  2, record 5, French, - gaz%20d%27emballage

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Complex oxygen-containing organic substance that, with cellulose, forms the chief constituent of wood. It is the second only to cellulose as the most abundant organic material on Earth, though very little of it has found any application other than as a fuel. It is a mixture of complex, apparently polymeric compounds of poorly known structure.  2, record 6, English, - lignin

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The lignin molecules are probably linked covalently to polysaccharides of the cell wall matrix. The separation of lignin from other constituents(cellulose and hemicellulose) is a major problem that prevents the easy use of the very large amounts of agricultural and forestry wastes, which are generally available at low cost, as substrates for microbial growth.  3, record 6, English, - lignin

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Macromolécule réticulée complexe qui résulte de l'association de différents monomères de type phénylpropane, par exemple l'alcool coniférylique. C'est le constituant fondamental du bois.  2, record 6, French, - lignine

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La lignine est un polymère «retors», résistant aux dégradations enzymatiques. Mais elle est avec la cellulose, la plus abondante source de matière première. La dégrader pour en faire un substrat adapté à la production de biocarburants par fermentation est un des buts des recherches actuelles.  3, record 6, French, - lignine

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Componente de la madera más abundante después de la celulosa, localizado principalmente en la laminilla media.  2, record 6, Spanish, - lignina

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Air samples were collected from each Shuttle before and after launch using the Microbial Air Sampler. This device was an impaction air sampler, in which a small fan unit draws a known volume of air through a sampler and airborne particles are impacted onto growth media.  3, record 7, English, - microbial%20air%20sampler

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

microbial air sampler; MAS: term and abbreviation officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).  4, record 7, English, - microbial%20air%20sampler

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

échantillonneur d'air pour analyse microbienne; MAS : terme et abréviation uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).  1, record 7, French, - %C3%A9chantillonneur%20d%27air%20pour%20analyse%20microbienne

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The main growth phase of a microbial culture.  2, record 8, English, - trophophase

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Primary metabolites such as ethanol are formed as the cells grow (during the trophophase).  3, record 8, English, - trophophase

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phase d'une culture bactérienne pendant laquelle sont synthétisés les métabolites nécessaires à sa croissance ou les produits terminaux du métabolisme énergétique;ce sont les métaboliques primaires.  1, record 8, French, - trophophase

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Major factors limiting decontamination efficacy include strength and rapidity of mibrobial attachment, inaccessibility of attachment sites, attachment and growth in cuts and punctures, internalization of microbial contaminants within plant tissues, and biofilm formation.  2, record 9, English, - microbial%20attachment

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

That stage of microbial growth when all foodstuffs and other requirements are present in excess, and the rate of growth is limited only by intrinsic properties of the organism.  2, record 10, English, - exponential%20phase%20of%20growth

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As each cell divides into two at regular intervals, the population numbers repeatedly double in an ’exponential’ fashion.  2, record 10, English, - exponential%20phase%20of%20growth

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phase de croissance qui correspond à l'étape d'assimilation la plus active des substrats contenus dans le milieu.  2, record 10, French, - phase%20de%20croissance%20exponentielle

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Water Microbiology : Water samples were collected from the Mir and processed using the Water Microbiology Kit. The kit contained a microbial capture device through which a water sample volume was processed. An ampoule containing nutrient growth medium was introduced into the microbial capture device to cultivate any microorganisms trapped on the filter. Unprocessed water samples were collected using the Water Sampler/Archiver. These archived samples and the processed water sample filters were returned for ground-based examination.  3, record 11, English, - water%20microbiology%20kit

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The objectives of this experiment were to characterize the microbiota of crewmembers, air, surface, and water microbes before, during, and after a long-duration mission aboard the Mir Space Station; to determine the exchange and distribution of microbes throughout the Mir Space Station; and to have operationally-ready hardware systems ready for the International Space Station (ISS).  3, record 11, English, - water%20microbiology%20kit

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

water microbiology kit; WMK: term and abbreviation officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).  4, record 11, English, - water%20microbiology%20kit

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

trousse d'analyse microbiologique de l'eau; WMK : terme et abréviation uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).  1, record 11, French, - trousse%20d%27analyse%20microbiologique%20de%20l%27eau

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Surface samples were collected from three locations in the Shuttle before and after each mission, including the vent above the waste control system in the middeck, the left most air-return in the port side crawl-through, and the air vent for the Commander's chair in the flight deck. In flight surface samples were collected using the Surface Sampler Kit from the same three locations in the Shuttle and five locations in the Mir, including the Commander's seat, the dining table, Commander's cabin, the treadmill handle, and the wall above the Kristall Module hatch. Samples were then incubated for five days and examined for microbial growth on the second and fifth days.  3, record 12, English, - surface%20sampler%20kit

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

surface sampler kit; SSK: term and abbreviation officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).  4, record 12, English, - surface%20sampler%20kit

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

trousse d'échantillonnage de microbiologie de surface; SSK : terme et abréviation uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).  1, record 12, French, - trousse%20d%27%C3%A9chantillonnage%20de%20microbiologie%20de%20surface

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The CNPF is focused on several innovative nonthermal methods of food preservation, and continuously is incorporating additional techniques to minimally process foods. Combined methods, known as the combination of preservation factors to control microbial growth in foods, is another area of special relevance at the Center due to demonstrated efficiency at combining conventional hurdles such as pH and water activity with various emerging nonthermal techniques.  2, record 13, English, - nonthermal%20processing

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A technology used in preserving food.  3, record 13, English, - nonthermal%20processing

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les chercheurs du CRAP ont évalué des jus de pommes de longue conservation, préparé au moyen d'un nouveau procédé non thermique, soit la filtration sur membrane.  1, record 13, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20non%20thermique

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In general, aerobic systems (percolating filters, activated sludge plants) require positive redox potentials of the order +600 mV for the most favorable results, as against anaerobic processes which require negative redox potentials (e.g. in sludge digestion plants of the order -100 to -200 mV).  1, record 14, English, - anaerobic%20process

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Anaerobic processes for biological stabilization of soluble and insoluble waste organic materials occur in both natural and controlled ecosystems. The efficiency of stabilization is dependent upon microbial meditation of certain energy yielding reactions necessary for biological growth and metabolism.  1, record 14, English, - anaerobic%20process

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La dénitrification s'opère par : (...) réduction des nitrates en nitrites par respiration des nitrates avec réduction successive en nitrites puis azote moléculaire. Les bactéries hétérotrophes responsables de ce processus anaérobie exigent la présence d'un composé oxydable, en l'occurrence un substrat carboné.  1, record 14, French, - processus%20ana%C3%A9robie

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

processus anaérobie (...) Ce processus se produit en deux temps tout d'abord un groupe spécial de bactéries acidigènes dites hétérotrophes facultatives [qui] dégrade les matières organiques en acide gras, aldéhydes, cétones et alcools. Ensuite, des bactéries méthanifères transforment ces produits intermédiaires en méthane CH4, ammoniaque NH3, anhydride carbonique CO2 et hydrogène H2.  1, record 14, French, - processus%20ana%C3%A9robie

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mixed culture fermentations. It is becoming increasingly clear that the concurrent growth of two or more microbial species can confer advantages and properties not characteristic of monocultures of the constituent organisms. Applications of mixed culture technology can be found in traditional and novel food/feed production, metabolite synthesis, metal recovery and detoxification.  1, record 15, English, - mixed%20culture%20fermentation

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les fermentations en culture mixte. Il apparaît de plus en plus évident que la culture conjointe de deux ou plusieurs espèces microbiennes peut présenter des avantages et des propriétés qui ne se manifestent pas dans les monocultures des organismes considérés. Les techniques de culture mixte peuvent trouver à s'appliquer dans la production de denrées alimentaires traditionnelles et nouvelles, pour l'être humain et pour les animaux, dans la synthèse de métabolites, dans la récupération des métaux et dans la détoxication.  1, record 15, French, - fermentation%20en%20culture%20mixte

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Soil improvement.... the addition of stabilized or digested sludge to the soil can help to promote the growth of the autotrophic microbial flora by acting directly on the mineral nutrition of the plants.  1, record 16, English, - autotrophic%20flora

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Amendement des sols. [...] l'incorporation dans le sol de boues organiques stabilisées ou digérées peut faciliter la prolifération de la flore microbienne autotrophe du sol, agissant directement sur la nutrition minérale des végétaux.  1, record 16, French, - flore%20autotrophe

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish