TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The entrapped enzymes should be differentiated into matrix-entrapped and microencapsulated enzymes, while the bound enzymes should be subdivided into adsorbed and covalently bound enzymes. It was recognized that most, but not necessarily all, immobilized enzyme systems will fit within this scheme.... In the case of covalently bound or cross-linked enzyme, the enzyme itself is probably the weakest chemical link in the system. Hence thermal, pH or inhibitor inactivation, which may not be apparent with "on-off" use of soluble enzyme in batch systems, may be very important when an enzyme is being used for extended periods.  2, record 1, English, - covalently%20bound%20enzyme

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsque la température augmente, la molécule se déplie et le centre actif se désintègre, l'enzyme perd alors son activité catalytique. [Cependant, une] enzyme liée de manière convalente en plusieurs points à un support (...) résistera au processus de dépliement et donc à l'inactivation. Il a ainsi été possible de multiplier la stabilité par un facteur de 2 à 5 selon les enzymes.  1, record 1, French, - enzyme%20li%C3%A9e%20par%20covalence

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Method of production of microencapsulated enzymes based on a chemical reaction to synthesize a water-insoluble polymer at the interface of a microdroplet. The two monomers must have differing solubilities such that one is partially soluble in both the aqueous and organic phases(that is, a hydrophilic monomer) whilst the other must be soluble only in the organic phase(that is, a hydrophobic monomer. A solution of the hydrophilic monomer and enzyme is emulsified in an organic solvent, and to this emulsion is added a solution of hydrophobic monomer in the same organic solvent. By polymerization reactions of the condensation or addition type, a membrane is formed at the interface between the organic and aqueous phases.  2, record 2, English, - interfacial%20polymerization%20method

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The major disadvantage of this procedure is that the hydrophilic monomer can cause deactivation of the enzyme before polymerization occurs.  2, record 2, English, - interfacial%20polymerization%20method

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Plusieurs procédés de microencapsulation des enzymes ont été décrits. Dans la méthode par polymérisation interfaciale, une solution aqueuse renfermant l'enzyme et un monomère hydrophile (polyamine ou glycol) est émulsionnée dans un solvant organique non miscible à l'eau. Par addition d'un second monomère hydrophobe (chlorure d'acide polybasique) on provoque une réaction de polymérisation entraînant la formation d'une membrane (polyamide ou polyester) autour des microgouttelettes aqueuses. Il est souvent nécessaire d'ajouter un agent tensioactif qui stabilise l'émulsion et permet d'ajuster la taille des capsules aux dimensions désirées, celles-ci pouvant varier de 1 à 100 microns.  1, record 2, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20par%20polym%C3%A9risation%20interfaciale

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The lime then reacts with water, generating significant heat and enlarging the surface area of the lime so wastes such as oils are adsorbed on and microencapsulated in a calcium hydroxide.  1, record 3, English, - microencapsulate

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La chaleur générée par la réaction augmente la surface active de la chaux et les déchets comme les huiles sont adsorbés et micro-encapsulés dans un hydroxyde de calcium.  2, record 3, French, - microencapsuler

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The lime then reacts with water, generating significant heat and enlarging the surface area of the lime so wastes such as oils are adsorbed on and microencapsulated in a calcium hydroxide.  1, record 4, English, - surface%20area

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La chaleur générée par la réaction augmente la surface active de la chaux et les déchets comme les huiles sont adsorbés et micro-encapsulés dans un hydroxyde de calcium.  1, record 4, French, - surface%20active

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Development of the first cold protective clothing with microencapsulated PCM.  1, record 5, English, - cold%20protective%20clothing

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

PCM: phase change material.  2, record 5, English, - cold%20protective%20clothing

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Développement du premier vêtement de protection contre le froid à microcapsules PCM.  1, record 5, French, - v%C3%AAtements%20de%20protection%20contre%20le%20froid

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

«Phase change material» est rendu en français par : matériau à changement de phase. L'abréviation anglaise PCM est gardée en français.  2, record 5, French, - v%C3%AAtements%20de%20protection%20contre%20le%20froid

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Development of the first cold protective clothing with microencapsulated PCM.  1, record 6, English, - microencapsulated%20PCM

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Développement du premier vêtement de protection contre le froid à microcapsules PCM.  1, record 6, French, - microcapsule%20PCM

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

«Phase change material» est rendu en français par : matériau à changement de phase. L'abréviation anglaise PCM est gardée en français.  2, record 6, French, - microcapsule%20PCM

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Development of the first cold protective clothing with microencapsulated PCM.  1, record 7, English, - cold%20protective%20clothing%20with%20microencapsulated%20PCM

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

PCM: phase change material.  2, record 7, English, - cold%20protective%20clothing%20with%20microencapsulated%20PCM

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Développement du premier vêtement de protection contre le froid à microcapsules PCM.  1, record 7, French, - v%C3%AAtement%20de%20protection%20contre%20le%20froid%20%C3%A0%20microcapsules%20PCM

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

«Phase change material» est rendu en français par : matériau à changement de phase. L'abréviation anglaise PCM est gardée en français.  2, record 7, French, - v%C3%AAtement%20de%20protection%20contre%20le%20froid%20%C3%A0%20microcapsules%20PCM

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[A microencapsulation process] similar to the liquid surfactant membrane has been developed which gives a permanent membrane [Kitajema et al. 1969). This, so-called, liquid drying method is carried out by emulsifying an aqueous solution of the enzyme in an organic solvent which has a boiling point lower than that of water(usually benzene, cyclohexane, or chloroform). The organic solvent also contains the membrane-forming polymer and surfactants. The emulsion is then dispersed in an aqueous medium, which contains protective colloidal substances(gelatin, polyvinylchloride) and surfactants, to give a second emulsion. Removal of the organic solvent by, for example, rotary evaporation from the second emulsion results in the formation of the microencapsulated enzymes.  2, record 8, English, - liquid%20drying%20method

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The major advantage of this procedure is that no deactivation of the enzyme can occur as a result of monomer interactions due to the preformed polymer being used. Disadvantages of the procedure include the low yields of the microcapsules produced, due to problems of preparing the second emulsion, and the time required to completely remove the organic solvent which is essential for membrane production.  2, record 8, English, - liquid%20drying%20method

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode d'encapsulation d'enzyme où l'enzyme en solution aqueux est émulsifiée dans un solvant organique volatile contenant les précurseurs de la membrane d'encapsulation. Cette émulsion est ensuite dispersée dans un milieu aqueux et la phase organique est évaporée jusqu'à ce que l'enzyme soit emprisonnée dans la membrane d'encapsulation.  1, record 8, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20d%27encapsulation%20par%20ass%C3%A8chement

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish