TERMIUM Plus®

The Government of Canada’s terminology and linguistic data bank.

AIRBLAST [4 records]

Filter results by subject field Alphabetical list of terms

Filter results by subject field

Alphabetical list of terms

Record 1 2016-02-26

English

Subject field(s)
  • Mining Dangers and Mine Safety
  • Underground Mining
DEF

The sudden failure of walls or pillars in a mine caused by the weight or pressure of the surrounding rocks, and accompanied by a violent release of energy.

CONT

Rock bursts. In areas of very deep mining, as additional weight is supported by the pillars on the coal face, stresses may so build up that the yield point is reached. If the coal pillars, the roof, or the floor are able to yield gradually, the effects of the stresses are relieved by floor heaving, or by pillar or roof failure. Where the coal or the associated rocks are particularly strong and depths are much above average, these stresses may be relieved by rock bursts, which are relatively violent outbursts of the coal into the rooms and entries. Frequently, a large volume of gas (usually methane) is suddenly released during a rock burst in a coal mine.

OBS

for "coal burst" : Rock bursts and "coal bursts" in coal mines are generally designated by the term "bumps" or "bounces". A large proportion of these "bumps" or "bounces" are actually "coal bursts" due to fracturing of pillars and remnants and need not involve any fracturing of roof or floor rock.

OBS

for "air blast" : In former years rock bursts were sometimes referred to as "air blasts". This name originated from the fact that large quantities of rock loosened by some of the larger rock bursts displaced quantities of air, with the result that a blast of air passed through the mine workings.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Exploitation minière (dangers et sécurité)
  • Exploitation minière souterraine
DEF

[...] dislocation des piliers de charbon soutenant le toit, avec projections de charbon et parfois soulèvement du mur, plus tendre, jusqu'à venir toucher le toit.

OBS

[Le coup de toit peut] mettre en danger l'outillage et le personnel.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Explotación minera (peligros y seguridad)
  • Explotación minera subterránea
Save record 1

Record 2 2010-10-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Mining Operations
DEF

A disturbance in underground workings accompanied by a strong rush of air.

Key term(s)
  • air-blast

French

Domaine(s)
  • Exploitation minière

Spanish

Save record 2

Record 3 2008-02-14

English

Subject field(s)
  • Aeronautical Engineering and Maintenance
Key term(s)
  • airblast
  • air-blast

French

Domaine(s)
  • Aérotechnique et maintenance
CONT

La forme la plus courante de dispositif anticouple est un petit rotor, semblable à une hélice d'avion, monté à la queue de l'hélicoptère sur un arbre orienté perpendiculairement sur un côté, de manière à repousser la queue latéralement; ce rotor est souvent caréné (fenestron). D'autres appareils utilisent un jet d'air comprimé éjecté latéralement en bout de queue, ce qui supprime les pièces en mouvement et l'arbre de transmission de queue.

OBS

jet d'air : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Maintenance.

Spanish

Save record 3

Record 4 2007-06-22

English

Subject field(s)
  • Atmospheric, Climatic and Meteorological Phenomena
DEF

The air pressure wave which may precede (or accompany) an avalanche.

CONT

Destruction from avalanches results both from the avalanche wind (the air pushed ahead of the mass) and from the actual impact of the avalanche material.

CONT

[Powder snow] avalanches composed of dry snow usually generate a dust cloud as the sliding snow is whirled into the air ... Their speed may exceed 200 km/hr. ... Under certain circumstances, enough snow crystals are mixed with the air to form an aerosol which behaves as a sharply bounded body of dense gas rushing down the slope ahead of the sliding snow. This wind blast can inflict heavy destruction well beyond the normal bounds of the avalanche track.

CONT

Some slides, particularly large ones, appear to be preceded by an air blast or pressure wave. Destructive air blasts are not common. However, there are certain paths where the phenomena occurs regularly. When it does occur the air blast may extend about 100 meters beyond a major path.

CONT

Damage to trees from the avalanche was caused by the air blast. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.]

OBS

Sometimes reference is made to a shock wave. This is misleading since the air blast is not a true shock wave.

OBS

The most destructive form [of an avalanche wind is] the avalanche blast. It occurs when an avalanche is stopped abruptly, as in the case of an almost vertical fall into a valley floor.

OBS

air blast; wind blast: terms officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.

Key term(s)
  • airblast
  • windblast

French

Domaine(s)
  • Phénomènes météorologiques, climatiques et atmosphériques
DEF

Souffle précédant le front de l'avalanche (en général mixte ou en aérosol).

CONT

Une avalanche en aérosol est un écoulement turbulent résultant de la suspension de particules de neige dans l'air, il ressemble à un gros nuage de neige se déplaçant à très grande vitesse. Il est précédé d'environ une centaine de mètres par un écoulement d'air (sans entraînement de cristaux) appelé vent ou souffle de l'avalanche. La pression de ce souffle est faible, de l'ordre de 5 kN/m², mais peut être suffisant pour provoquer des dégâts (arbres, toitures, etc.).

CONT

Le vent d'avalanche a endommagé les arbres. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.]

OBS

vent d'avalanche; souffle de l'avalanche; souffle : termes uniformisés par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.

Spanish

Save record 4

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