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Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pilot error(sometimes called cockpit error) is a term used to describe the cause of a crash of an airworthy aircraft where the pilot is considered to be principally or partially responsible. Pilot error can be defined as a mistake, oversight, lapse in judgement, or failure to exercise due diligence by an aircraft operator during the performance of his/her duties.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - pilot%20error

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une erreur du pilote à l'origine du crash du Dash 8. Une erreur du pilote de l'avion qui s'est écrasé la semaine dernière dans l'État de New York, faisant 50 morts, pourrait être à l'origine de l'accident, a rapporté mercredi le Wall Street Journal, citant des sources proches de l'enquête. Selon le journal, l'avion évoluait peu avant l'accident à une vitesse trop faible et dangereuse, ce qui a entraîné le déclenchement d'un signal d'alarme. Mais au lieu de diriger l'avant de l'avion vers le bas avant de redonner de la vitesse à l'appareil, le pilote aurait directement et brusquement remis les gaz entraînant la chute de l'avion.  1, fiche 1, Français, - erreur%20du%20pilote

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Such apparatus may be used in players for optically recorded video discs such as Laservision or CD Video(Compact Disc Video) where the synchronising pulses for PAL video signals contain a burst of pulsed additional information, called the video signal pilot burst, at a frequency of 3. 75 MHz which is used for time base error correction.  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - video%20signal%20pilot%20burst

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gross navigational error(GNE)-Pilots are expected to fly their aircraft along the centerline of their assigned route and to stay within the accuracy limits of their installed navigation systems.(For example, the accuracy tolerance limits for Loran C equipment used in instrument flight rules(IFR) oceanic navigation is 5. 8 NM). If an aircraft becomes off course, it is usually for one of the following reasons; a "loop"(or communications) error between the pilot and the controller, a pilot intentionally entering a waypoint which is not along the assigned route of flight(for example, a pilot deviation due to weather without prior ATC approval or without declaring an emergency), an unintentionally entered waypoint not along the assigned route, and a navigational equipment error or failure. Navigational errors that are greater than 20 NM are investigated by the various countries that provide ATC service.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - gross%20navigational%20error

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gyroscopes can be used as devices for direction finding, guidance, and control. If a gyroscope, mounted on its gimbal rings, is set spinning about a horizontal axis, and the outer gimbal ring is rotated in a horizontal plane, then the inner gimbal ring, carrying the flywheel, tilts up out of the horizontal plane in which it, too first lay. After a few oscillations, damped out by friction, the axis of spin of the gyroscope settles down along a vertical direction. Inertial guidance systems make use of very similar phenomena. Once a gyroscope has been set spinning about a chosen axis, any motion that would cause it to deviate from this direction calls into existence a torque that can be used as an error signal to control corrective maneuvers... Some of the most important applications of gyroscopic phenomena are in aircraft instruments. A free(perfectly balanced) gyroscope can give a constant indication of a chosen reference direction for checking the correct course, and a gravitationally loaded gyroscope can be used to identify the true vertical at all times and so define an artificial horizon against which the pilot can measure the angles of bank and climb.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - gyroscopic%20phenomenon

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le gyroscope construit par Foucault 1852 est un appareil qui dérive de son pendule. Comme lui, il met en évidence les effets de la rotation de la terre. Il est constitué d'une masse lourde, appelée rotor, en mouvement de rotation rapide autour d'un axe restant fixe dans un référentiel galiléen. Le gyroscope se caractérise par un moment cinétique élevé. Il existe des gyroscopes dont l'axe en rotation est lié à l'armature de l'appareil par deux axes et d'autres reliés à un seul axe. On retrouve le phénomène gyroscopique dans des jouets tels que les toupies. Il est utilisé dans des appareils appelés compas gyroscopiques servant au guidage des missiles, des avions et des satellites.  2, fiche 4, Français, - ph%C3%A9nom%C3%A8ne%20gyroscopique

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An error in gyro output due to cross-coupling and acceleration encountered during vehicle turns.  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - turn%20error

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Principal Attitude Indicator Errors. Turn Error. During a normal coordinated turn, centrifugal force causes the gyro to precess toward the inside of the turn. This precession increases as the bank steepens; therefore, it is greatest during the actual turn. The error disappears as the aircraft rolls out at the end of a 180 degrees turn at a normal rollout rate. Therefore, when performing a steep turn, the pilot may use the attitude indicator for rolling in and out of the turn, but should use other instruments(VSI and altimeter) during the turn for specific pitch information.  4, fiche 5, Anglais, - turn%20error

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In recent years, drinking water regulations for the removal of particles and total organic carbon(TOC) have become more stringent. Consequently, utilities are considering whether traditional treatment strategies... are best suited to achieving these new standards at a reasonable cost, or whether the use of innovative processes is warranted. Among the possible alternatives that are currently in use, microsand enhanced coagulation has emerged as a promising, low-cost alternative for many water supplies based on extensive trial and error pilot testing. However, because of poor understanding, there is no fundamental basis for deciding when, or if, the microsand process will offer advantages over conventional treatment, nor is there an understanding about the magnitude of the improvement to be expected.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - microsand

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Élément très fin contenu dans un sable.  2, fiche 6, Français, - microsable

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Traitement des eaux pluviales par décantation de flocs physico-chimiques lestés par du microsable.  3, fiche 6, Français, - microsable

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A technique similar to relative positioning except that one or both of the points may be moving.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - relative%20navigation

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The pilot of a ship or aircraft may need to know his position relative to a harbor or runway. A data link is used to relay the error terms to the moving vessel to allow real-time navigation.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - relative%20navigation

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Term and definition provided by the Canadian Hydrographic Service.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - relative%20navigation

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode similaire au positionnement relatif sauf que l'un des deux points peut être en mouvement.  1, fiche 7, Français, - navigation%20relative

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pour le pilote d'un navire ou d'un aéronef, il peut être nécessaire de connaître sa position par rapport à un port ou à une piste. Un liaison de données est utilisée pour la transmission des termes d'erreur du véhicule en mouvement et pour la navigation en temps réel.  1, fiche 7, Français, - navigation%20relative

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol