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There are tow types of matrix multiplication: scalar-by-matrix multiplication and matrix-by-matrix multiplication. As a noun, a scalar is a single number or scale factor that all the matrix elements are multiplied by in scalar multiplication. This is used to scale down all the elements of a matrix in equal proportion. In graphics, this is used on row and column vectors that represent points in space. It moves a point radially toward or away from the origin (0,0,0). This is often done to put the values of x,y, and z within a range that graphics routines can more easily handle, especially when integer arithmetic is being performed.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - scalar%2Dby%2Dmatrix%20multiplication

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