TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The world’s first laboratory-grown beef burger was flipped out of a petri dish and into a frying pan on Monday, with food tasters declaring it tasted "close to meat." Grown in vitro from cattle stem cells at a cost of 250,000 euros ($332,000), the burger was cooked and eaten in front of television cameras to gain the greatest media coverage for the culmination of a five-year science experiment. Resembling a standard circular-shaped red meat patty, it was created by knitting together 20,000 strands of laboratory-grown protein, combined with other ingredients normally used in burgers, such as salt, breadcrumbs and egg powder. Red beet juice and saffron were added to give it color.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

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The first laboratory-produced meat patty(cultured beef burger) presented in London on August 5, 2013, by Dr. Mark Post, a physiologist from Maastricht University in the Netherlands, was dubbed the "Frankenburger. "The professor and his colleagues produced the meat-like substance by cultivating muscle tissue from cow stem cells in fetal serum and other growth-promoting materials(vitamines, amino acids, growth hormones, sugar, etc.). The laboratory-grown meat at this stage of development is prohibitively expensive, but might one day become a substitute for "real" meat. The product needs to be enhanced to improve its texture, taste and appearance. Some scientists predict that cultured meat might be commercially available within a decade. Others say that it will be possible to grow it in one's own kitchen within 20 years.  13, fiche 1, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

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The development of meat substitutes is praised on ethical grounds by animal rights or welfare activists since these products have the potential to greatly reduce the inhumane raising and slaughtering of animals raised for meat. Environmentalists, economists and scientists support these products since they might one day be a cost-effective means of meeting world demands for meat, while greatly reducing greenhouse gas emissions and waste, as well as the use of water, farmland and animal feed that make intensive animal farming unsustainable. On the other hand, natural food advocates have serious doubts concerning ingredients needed to grow and enhance these products, and the long term safety of their consumption; and meat industry proponents argue that the technology still requires stem cell donors (the cells from a single donor cannot replicate indefinitely) and that the product remains a far cry from "real" meat. Only time will tell if these products will, in a perhaps not so distant future, entirely replace, or only supplement, the meat industry.  13, fiche 1, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

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cultured beef hamburger: A "hamburger" is a minced beef patty. Terms such as "cultured beef hamburger" could therefore be considered pleonastic. The term "burger" is the shortened form of "hamburger." While burgers are traditionally made of beef, non-beef burgers have become popular, and modifiers such as "veggie," "tuna," "chicken," "nut," and "soya" are used to describe them. Given this relatively new reality, the use of seemingly pleonastic terms such as "cultured beef burger" may be justified.  13, fiche 1, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

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The combination of terms such as "hamburger," "cultured," "laboratory," "in vitro" and their short forms to create neologisms designating this product yields an impressive number of synonyms. This will remain the case as long as terminology used to describe this relatively new concept is not well established.  13, fiche 1, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

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synthetic hamburger; artificial hamburger: The terms "synthetic meat" and "artificial meat" designate products that imitate meat but that are not necessarily laboratory-grown from animal cells. Hence, the use of qualifiers such as "synthetic" and "artificial" might lead to confuse a cultured hamburger with, for example, a soy-based burger.  13, fiche 1, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

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Terms such as "Frankenburger" that do not include the modifier "beef" might very well be used some day to designate similar laboratory-grown products made from animal cells other than beef.  13, fiche 1, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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Cet hamburger synthétique, surnommé le «Frankenburger», a été élaboré dans le laboratoire de l'université de Maastricht en trois mois à [partir] de cellules souches de bœuf. En septembre 2011, un expert en physiologie de cette université, Mark Post, avait annoncé son projet de développer avec son équipe une viande de synthèse. [...] Les 20 000 fibres de muscles ont été cultivées en laboratoire, pressées ensemble, colorées avec du jus de betterave et assaisonnées de safran afin de donner une couleur rouge au «Frankenburger» qui aurait eu un aspect naturel gris sans ces modifications.  15, fiche 1, Français, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

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Il s'agit du premier hamburger créé en laboratoire et présenté à Londres le 5 août 2013 pour dégustation. Ce steak haché de viande synthétique a été confectionné à partir de cellules souches de vache cultivées dans un milieu contenant des acides aminées, des vitamines, du sérum fœtal et des hormones de croissance. On y a ajouté de la chapelure, du sel, de la poudre d'œuf ainsi que du jus de betterave et du safran pour la couleur. Certains scientifiques disent que ce type de produit pourrait être cultivé à la maison d'ici vingt ans. C'est une solution envisageable pour diminuer les émissions de gaz à effet de serre attribuables aux animaux d'élevage tout en répondant à la demande mondiale en viande bovine qui risque de doubler d'ici 2050.  16, fiche 1, Français, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

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steak in vitro; steak cultivé en laboratoire à partir de cellules souches; steak de viande artificielle : Ce nouveau produit ayant davantage l'apparence et la consistance de viande hachée que de bifteck, ces termes sont employés pour évoquer l'idée de «steak haché» tel que lorsqu'on parle de «steak tartare».  16, fiche 1, Français, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

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La terminologie n'est pas bien établie pour désigner ce concept, comme en témoigne le nombre de termes utilisés. La combinaison de termes tels que burger, hamburger, steak, cellules souches, cultivé, laboratoire et in vitro, se décline à l'infini, et on compte, parmi les synonymes utilisés, de nombreuses locutions plus ou moins longues.  16, fiche 1, Français, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

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steak de viande artificielle; hamburger synthétique; hamburger artificiel : Étant donné l'emploi des termes «viande synthétique» et «viande artificielle» pour désigner des produits imitant la viande qui ne sont pas nécessairement cultivés en laboratoire à partir de cellules animales, il y a, sans contexte, risque de confusion avec des imitations à base de soja, par exemple.  16, fiche 1, Français, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

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burger de cellules souches : Le produit est fabriqué à partir de cellules souches, mais le produit fini est constitué de cellules de muscles plutôt que de cellules souches. (Les cellules souches se transforment en myocytes ou cellules musculaires qui forment des fibres musculaires.)  16, fiche 1, Français, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Virus disassembly can be simplified by a number of commercially available disassemblers... Disassembling a virus is an iterative process which includes discovering first which parts of the virus are data areas(which are not going to be disassembled) and which are instructions.  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - virus%20disassembly

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

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Le désassemblage d'un virus peut être simplifié par un certain nombre de désassembleurs disponibles sur le marché [...] Le désassemblage d'un virus est un processus itératif qui consiste à commencer par déterminer les parties du virus correspondant à des données (qui ne seront pas désassemblées) et celles correspondant à des instructions.  1, fiche 2, Français, - d%C3%A9sassemblage%20d%27un%20virus

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Perfluoroalkoxy(PFA) resins are the newest commercially available class of melt-processable fluoroplastics.... PFA resin has somewhat better mechanical properties than FEP above 150°C and can be used up to 260°C. In chemical resistance it is about equal to PTFE [polytetrafluoroethylene]. PFA resin is sold by Du Pont under the Teflon trademark.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - perfluoroalkoxy

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

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PFA est un nouveau copolymère composé de la chaîne principale carbone-fluor caractérisant les fluorocarbones, à laquelle sont liées des chaînes latérales. Le PFA peut être mis en œuvre grâce aux moyens techniques classiques propres aux thermoplastiques. Ses caractéristiques sont identiques à celles des autres résines fluorocarbonées, et les dépassent même en certains cas.  1, fiche 3, Français, - perfluoroalkoxy

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The Agri-Opportunities Program is a $134 million program, launched in January 2007. Its objective is to accelerate the commercialization of new innovative value-added agricultural, agri-food and agri-based products, services and processes that are currently not commercially produced or available in Canada and that are ready to be introduced into the marketplace.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - Agri%2DOpportunities%20Program

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

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Agri-débouchés est un programme de 134 millions de dollars, lancé en janvier 2007. L’objectif vise à accélérer la commercialisation des nouveaux processus, services ou produits agro-industriels, agroalimentaires et agricoles novateurs à valeur ajoutée qui ne sont pas commercialisés actuellement au Canada ni disponibles et qui sont prêts à être lancés sur le marché.  1, fiche 4, Français, - programme%20Agri%2Dd%C3%A9bouch%C3%A9s

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Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

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[That shows] positive results on serological examination ...  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - seropositive

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Type-specific antibody assays are commercially available and may be useful in some clinical situations [such as] identification of a seropositive pregnant woman with no history of herpes...  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - seropositive

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... used to indicate presence of immunological evidence of a specific infection (e.g., Lyme disease, syphilis) or presence of a diagnostically useful antibody (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis with rheumatoid factor).  4, fiche 5, Anglais, - seropositive

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

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Qui donne une réaction positive à un ou plusieurs tests sérologiques.  2, fiche 5, Français, - s%C3%A9ropositif

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Depuis le début de l'épidémie du sida, [le] terme [«séropositif»] s'applique dans le langage courant aux personnes porteuses du V.I.H. (virus de l'immunodéficience humaine).  3, fiche 5, Français, - s%C3%A9ropositif

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Que contiene anticuerpos específicos a algún antígeno.  2, fiche 5, Espagnol, - seropositivo

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Que muestra una serorreacción de resultado positivo.  3, fiche 5, Espagnol, - seropositivo

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Laser Position Measurement. A commercially available position measuring device, Lasernet, was donated by the Namco Controls Corporation. A single narrow-beam laser is continuously swept across the field at a fixed height. A reflector of known geometry on the vehicle reflects the beam back to the device, which reports the initial angle, in the local geographic frame, at which a reflection is detected and the angular width over which the reflection is continuously detected. Knowing the geometry of the reflector, which should be independent of the heading of the aircraft, is sufficient to determine the vehicle's two-dimensional position in the local geographic frame.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - position%20measuring%20device

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

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La centrale à inertie est un appareil de mesure du positionnement très utilisé en raison de son autonomie et de sa faible sensibilité aux perturbations externes. On en trouve à bord des avions de ligne, des sous-marins, ou des missiles intercontinentaux. Elle est aujourd'hui souvent couplée à un GPS : ce système hybride permet de réduire les erreurs, et donc d'améliorer la qualité de la mesure.  1, fiche 6, Français, - appareil%20de%20mesure%20du%20positionnement

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Perfluoroalkoxy(PFA) resins are the newest commercially available class of melt-processable fluoroplastics.... PFA resin has somewhat better mechanical properties than FEP above 150°C and can be used up to 260°C. In chemical resistance it is about equal to PTFE [polytetrafluoroethylene]. PFA resin is sold by Du Pont under the Teflon trademark.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - perfluoroalkoxy%20resin

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

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La résine PFA est surtout employée pour le moulage par transfert, et pour l'extrusion. L'excellente endurance aux flexions répétées, et sa résistance mécanique élevée aux fortes températures, prédestinent le PFA pour la fabrication des tubes spéciaux, des éléments moulés et pour les revêtements du matériel de génie chimique.  1, fiche 7, Français, - r%C3%A9sine%20PFA

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A moist German ham that is air-dried, salt cured, and smoked over pine and/or fire to give it an intense flavor.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - Black%20Forest%20ham

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To be a true Black Forest ham it must be produced in the Black Forest of Germany... A variety of commercially produced hams are also available that are labeled as Black Forest hams but not produced in Germany and not cured in the same manner as the traditional Black Forest ham, so they should not be mistaken for a true Black Forest ham. This ham is often a specialty ham that has been brine cured and smoked, providing a robust flavored ham that may have the black exterior surface, which closely resembles the dry salt cured Black Forest ham.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - Black%20Forest%20ham

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It was traditionally coated with beef blood which gave it a black exterior surface however, today the blackened exterior is most often the result of the spices applied to the outer surface and the smoking process during curing.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - Black%20Forest%20ham

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

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Jambon cru, séché et fumé, dont l'appellation rappelle les traditions alsacienne et bavaroise consistant à fumer certaines viandes et charcuteries.  1, fiche 8, Français, - jambon%20de%20la%20For%C3%AAt%2DNoire

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The three-metre resolution data generated by RADARSAT-2 will be the highest-resolution commercially available SAR data, offering enhanced detection of closely spaced objects, as well as enhanced definition of other objects. As the first commercial radar satellite to offer multi-polarization(HH, HV, VH and VV), RADARSAT-2 will offer significantly improved surface discrimination.  2, fiche 9, Anglais, - multi%2Dpolarization

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multi-polarization: term officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).  5, fiche 9, Anglais, - multi%2Dpolarization

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

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Les données à résolution de trois mètres générées par RADARSAT-2 constitueront de toutes les données SAR commerciales disponibles celles qui auront la meilleure résolution, offriront une meilleure capacité de détection d'objets peu espacés de même qu'une définition améliorée des autres objets. À titre de premier satellite radar commercial à offrir une polarisation multiple (HH, HV, VH et VV), RADARSAT-2 assurera une capacité bien supérieure de discrimination des types de surface.  4, fiche 9, Français, - multipolarisation

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multipolarisation : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR).  5, fiche 9, Français, - multipolarisation

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

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... a computer is used in a known manner to determine the modifications of the parameters described above for optimizing the aberration distribution in the entire range of magnifications to be used, thereby to arrive at a family of curves... When these final computer adjustments are made and applied to lens 15, there may be a perceptible departure from symmetry; however, the mutli-element lens 15 will remain substantially symmetrical... If desired, the final computer adjustments may be made with the aid of a known lens design computer program known as Accos Zoom, which is commercially available from the Scientific Calculation Corporation.  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - final%20computer%20adjustment

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final computer adjustment: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  3, fiche 10, Anglais, - final%20computer%20adjustment

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

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passe finale de compensation sur ordinateur : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  2, fiche 10, Français, - passe%20finale%20de%20compensation%20sur%20ordinateur

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Gross and others have recently advocated liposhaving as a superior alternative to liposuction. With liposhaving, commercially available soft tissue shavers(often employed in endoscopic surgery) are used instead of the liposuction cannula to sharply amputate fat deposits sucked into the shaver with minimal suction. Great care must be taken to activate the blade only when the shaver is in continuous motion and in the appropriate location, in order to avoid over resecting fat and macerating skin edges. In the right hands, liposhaving is quicker and less labor-intensive then traditional liposuction. However, the safety of this technique with respect to damage to surrounding soft tissue and neurovascular structures must be proved unequivocally before it can be recommended for general use.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - liposhaving

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

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Les principes et techniques de la lipoplastie. Lipo-aspiration par tunnelisation, la graisse est molle et non liquide, ce terme est donc impropre il s'agit en fait d'un lipo-râpage par tunnelisation, la graisse râpée étant aspirée dans le même temps. L'opérateur utilise une canule de 4 ou 3 mm de diamètre branchée sur une aspiration. Cette canule est un tube à bout mousse, donc pas un objet tranchant ou coupant, et comporte à son extrémité distale quelques trous. Ce n'est ni plus ni moins qu'une râpe. Elle est introduite dans la masse graisseuse par un petit orifice cutané de 2 ou 3 mm de diamètre, masse qu'elle râpe en partant du centre vers la périphérie.  2, fiche 11, Français, - liposuccion%20au%20shaver

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Dans le «liposhaving», le «shaver» remplace les canules. Il sert à la résection de la masse graisseuse sous-cutanée.  1, fiche 11, Français, - liposuccion%20au%20shaver

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Recently Drs. Beer and David Henner from the OHSU [Oregon Health & Science University] discovered that high doses could be administered safely using weekly oral administration. They described this as high dose pulse administration(HDPA). Using this regimen and a commercially available calcitriol product, over 90 patients with cancer have received and tolerated doses that were 60-100 times the currently approved dose.  2, fiche 12, Anglais, - high%20dose%20pulse%20administration

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thérapie pulsée à forte dose; thérapie pulsée à dose élevée : termes retenus par le réseau Entraide Traduction Santé.  2, fiche 12, Français, - th%C3%A9rapie%20puls%C3%A9e%20%C3%A0%20forte%20dose

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

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When it is completed, the K-1 will be the first commercially available, fully reusable launch vehicle to provide low-cost access to space for low earth-orbiting satellites. The K-1 is powered by modified Russian rocket engines, provided by Aerojet, that burn LOX(liquid oxygen) and kerosene. Thrust is produced when the appropriate mixture of LOX and kerosene is pumped into the combustion chamber and ignited.  6, fiche 13, Anglais, - K%2D1%20reusable%20launch%20vehicle

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The K-1 will be able to deliver approximately 3,200 kg (7,000 lbm) of pressurized cargo to the ISS and return approximately 900 kg (2,000 lbm) of recoverable downmass. The K-1 cargo module can accommodate a volume of 30 m³ (1,000 ft³) equivalent to five International Standard Payload Racks. The K-1 is also capable of providing up to 40km (25 nmi) reboost and attitude control for ISS, an important feature for maintaining the ISS orbit, and conducting on-orbit technology demonstration as precursor risk reduction missions.  4, fiche 13, Anglais, - K%2D1%20reusable%20launch%20vehicle

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K-1 is equipped with an active dispenser.  7, fiche 13, Anglais, - K%2D1%20reusable%20launch%20vehicle

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K1 fully reusable, two-stage.  7, fiche 13, Anglais, - K%2D1%20reusable%20launch%20vehicle

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Le premier vaisseau spatial entièrement réutilisable sera l'engin K-1 de la Société Kistler Aerospace. Il devrait voler à la fin de 1999. Cette fusée à deux étages utilise des moteurs russes qui fonctionnent au kérosène et à l'oxygène liquide. Les étages séparés retourneront sur Terre par parachute.  2, fiche 13, Français, - lanceur%20r%C3%A9cup%C3%A9rable%20K%2D1

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Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

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In the early 1990s a study was completed for the New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources and Energy to determine the extent of the energy efficiency potential in the province and the associated economic and environmental benefits.  2, fiche 14, Anglais, - energy%20efficiency%20potential

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The potential for improving energy efficiency may be described in several ways. The technical potential consists of all commercially available energy efficiency technologies. The economic potential is a sub-set of the technical potential that passes a cost effectiveness criterion, often, by convention, a simple payback time 4 to 5 years.  3, fiche 14, Anglais, - energy%20efficiency%20potential

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energy efficiency potential: term used at the Office of Energy Efficiency, Natural Resources Canada, and extracted from its 2001 Annual Report.  4, fiche 14, Anglais, - energy%20efficiency%20potential

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Les termes possibilités et potentiel d'efficacité énergétique ne sont pas interchangeables. En effet, le potentiel représente une capacité d'action, de travail ou de production alors que les possibilités sont les moyens dont on peut disposer; ce qu'on peut attendre ou tirer d'une chose ou d'une situation. L'expression possibilité d'efficacité énergétique est généralement au pluriel.  2, fiche 14, Français, - potentiel%20d%27efficacit%C3%A9%20%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique

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potentiel d'efficacité énergétique : terme en usage à l'Office de l'efficacité énergétique, Ressources naturelles Canada.  3, fiche 14, Français, - potentiel%20d%27efficacit%C3%A9%20%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique

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Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The gimbaled infrared(IR) sensor... is a commercially available unit developed... for the United States Army... The sensor has an RS-170 video output and an NETD of less than 0. 100K. It is gimbal-mounted so that [it] can be slewed in both the azimuth and elevation directions at rates approaching 200° per second and accelerations approaching 600°/sec². The azimuth gimbal is capable of continuous rotation. Its absolute pointing accuracy is one part in 4096, or 5 minutes of accuracy.  3, fiche 15, Anglais, - azimuth%20gimbal

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An azimuth gimbal assembly contains a DG [directional gyro] stabilized in pitch and roll ... The DG is a single degree of freedom gyro ... The function of the gyro is to stabilize the azimuth gimbal.  4, fiche 15, Anglais, - azimuth%20gimbal

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La plate-forme asservie est constituée d'un cadre de roulis extérieur et de deux cadres de tangage liés mécaniquement. À l'intérieur du premier cadre de tangage est placé le gyroscope de verticale, à l'intérieur du second le gyroscope directionnel : c'est un gyroscope «à faible dérive» [...] Un cadre supplémentaire fantôme, concentrique au cadre d'azimut, est asservi à ce dernier par un moteur générateur à partir d'un détecteur. Un synchrodétecteur lié à l'axe d'azimut transmet la référence directionnelle.  1, fiche 15, Français, - cadre%20d%27azimut

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L'ensemble azimutal monté sur cardan [...] comprend un directionnel stabilisé sur les axes de roulis et de tangage [...] Le directionnel est un gyroscope à un seul degré de liberté [...] Le rôle du directionnel est de stabiliser le cardan azimutal.  3, fiche 15, Français, - cadre%20d%27azimut

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Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pure juice ciders are now rare. Virtually all commercially available ciders are made from juice concentrates generally from China and South America. The ciders made from concentrate must be reconstituted into a must before fermentation. France, for a long time, had the toughest legislation forbidding the use of concentrate when making French cider. However, in 1987, after years of lobbying from countries outside of France which produce cider from concentrate at a much cheaper cost, the French Government decided to allow the use of up to 50% concentrate in a cider but, at the same time, created the "PURE JUICE CIDER" standard for the Normandy cider makers who wanted to keep their traditional cider making techniques using only 100% apples grown in Normandy.  2, fiche 16, Anglais, - pure%20juice%20cider

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cidre fabriqué sans aucune addition d'eau.  2, fiche 16, Français, - cidre%20pur%20jus

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les dénominations «cidre doux» ou «poiré doux», «cidre pur jus doux» ou «poiré pur jus doux» sont réservées respectivement aux cidres et aux poirés, aux cidres pur jus ou aux poirés pur jus, présentant au maximum 3 % vol. d'alcool acquis.  3, fiche 16, Français, - cidre%20pur%20jus

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Starch, usually with low levels of added oil which is applied by spraying. This starch has deliberately-induced poor flow properties and therefore retains an impression. It is used as depositing medium for moulded candies and gum confectionery.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - moulding%20starch

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

White mineral oil was originally used to prepare moulding starch and the mineral oil-based product continues to be available. However following concern about its safety particularly in the UK, vegetable oil-based moulding starches were developed and are also available commercially.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - moulding%20starch

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Amidon de coulage. Exigences - fonctions - propriétés.  2, fiche 17, Français, - amidon%20%C3%A0%20coffrets

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

moulding starch : Starch, usually with low levels of added oil which is applied by spraying. This starch has deliberately-induced poor flow properties and therefore retains an impression. It is used as depositing medium for moulded candies and gum confectionery. White mineral oil was originally used to prepare moulding starch and the mineral oil-based product continues to be available. However following concern about its safety particularly in the UK, vegetable oil-based moulding starches were developed and are also available commercially.  2, fiche 18, Anglais, - flowing%20in%20moulding%20starch

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Opération par laquelle on coule à chaud dans des empreintes formées par pression dans une couche d'amidon de maïs, des produits de confiserie liquides, pour leur donner leur forme après refroidissement.  1, fiche 18, Français, - coulage%20en%20amidon

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ex. Boule de gomme, intérieurs liqueur, réglisse.  1, fiche 18, Français, - coulage%20en%20amidon

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Food microstructure : Yogurt samples made from soy milk of various origins were studied by extended electron microscopy. The appearance is related to the technological procedure. One kind of commercially available soy milk was found to be free of cell wall fragments. The microstructure of the resulting yogurt resembled that of yogurt made from cow's milk.  2, fiche 19, Anglais, - extended%20electron%20microscopy

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Samples were studied by extended electron microscopy.  3, fiche 19, Anglais, - extended%20electron%20microscopy

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Britain's planned replacement for the amphibious assault ships Fearless and Intrepid will be the first Royal Navy combat vessels-and probably the first in any navy-to have a computerized command and mission planning system largely built from commercially available components.  1, fiche 20, Anglais, - computerized%20command%20and%20mission%20planning%20system

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

C'est ainsi que les futurs navires d'assaut amphibies qui doivent remplacer le Fearless et l'Intrepid seront les premiers bâtiments de la «Royal Navy» (et peut-être même au monde) à être équipés de systèmes informatisés de commandement et de planification des missions presque entièrement construits à partir de composants du commerce.  1, fiche 20, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20informatis%C3%A9%20de%20commandement%20et%20de%20planification%20des%20missions

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the aircraft must be navigated along prescribed routes to an accuracy of [more or less] 100 m or better. Aircraft guidance systems capable of meeting this requirement were not commercially available at the time the program began. Consequently, a PC-based program was developed which utilized the real-time output from one of the aircraft GPS receivers to determine the magnitude and direction of cross-track error from the desired flight path.  3, fiche 21, Anglais, - guidance%20system

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Fail-safe aircraft guidance system.  4, fiche 21, Anglais, - guidance%20system

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

système de guidage : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Opérations aériennes.  2, fiche 21, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20guidage

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Système de guidage par fibre optique.  2, fiche 21, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20guidage

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A zone in paper and thin-layer chromatography of approximately circular appearance.  2, fiche 22, Anglais, - spot

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The detection of spots is sometimes easier than with paper chromatography because more universal techniques can be used. Frequently, colorless or nonfluorescent spots can be visualized by exposing the developed plate to iodine vapor. The iodine vapor interacts with the sample components, either chemically or by solubility, to produce a color. Thin-layer plates and sheets are commercially available which incorporate a fluorescent dye in the powdered adsorbent. When held under ultraviolet light, dark spots appear where sample spots occur due to quenching of the plate fluorescence.  3, fiche 22, Anglais, - spot

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Colorless, nonfluorescent spot.  4, fiche 22, Anglais, - spot

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

En chromatographie sur papier ou sur couche mince, zone d'apparence circulaire ou ovale.  2, fiche 22, Français, - tache

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Étalement de tache.  3, fiche 22, Français, - tache

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Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... 1 1/4 lb. of the commercial product are added to the amount of water required to cover 1 acre.  4, fiche 23, Anglais, - commercial%20product

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A fine shade of meaning separates "commercial product" from "formulation". Both terms usually refer to the same physical preparation, but where the word "formulation" stresses the product's physical presentation(liquid, powder, number or type of adjuvants, etc.), "commercial product" indicates that the product is commercially available(some are not), or that the product has not yet undergone further processing since purchase. The word is most frequently used in calculating amounts of pesticide necessary for tank mixes to be sprayed on crops.  5, fiche 23, Anglais, - commercial%20product

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The elliptical form "product" is the form most frequently encountered in the technical literature.  5, fiche 23, Anglais, - commercial%20product

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

C'est au détenteur de la marque ou demandeur de l'homologation qu'il revient de fournir à l'appui de sa demande tous les éléments qu'il a pu recueillir sur l'innocuité et l'efficacité de sa spécialité.  1, fiche 23, Français, - sp%C3%A9cialit%C3%A9

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme pléonastique «spécialité commerciale» ainsi que le terme elliptique «produit» (de «produit commercial») sont rencontrés souvent en français.  3, fiche 23, Français, - sp%C3%A9cialit%C3%A9

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le terme «spécialité» est normalisé par l'AFNOR.  3, fiche 23, Français, - sp%C3%A9cialit%C3%A9

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Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Polyaryl sulfone offers the unique combination of thermoplasticity and retention of structurally useful properties at 500°. This material is supplied in both pellet and powder form. Its thermoplastic nature allows it to be fabricated by injection molding or extrusion techniques on standard commercially available equipment. Polyaryl sulfone consists mainly of phenyl and biphenyl groups linked by thermally stable ether and sulfone groups. It is distinguished from polysulfone polymers by the absence of aliphatic groups, which are liable to oxidative attack. This aromatic structure gives it excellent resistance to oxidative degradation and accounts for its retention of mechanical properties at high temperatures.  1, fiche 24, Anglais, - polyaryl%20sulfone

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Polyaryl sulfone. A strong, hard, stiff plastic which can be used from -400 to +500°F, this polymer is used mostly in aerospace applications. ... This plastic is often used to upgrade other plastic applications with respect to temperature and to replace metals and ceramics in valve bodies, hydraulic seals, and bearings.  1, fiche 24, Anglais, - polyaryl%20sulfone

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Poly(aryl sulfone) was introduced in 1983 and is available from Amoco Performance Products under the trade names Radel A-100, A-200, and A-300. It is suitable for high technology applications, including such electrical/electronic parts as printed-circuit boards, snap-fit connectors, and lamp housings.  2, fiche 24, Anglais, - polyaryl%20sulfone

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The gradual debranning of wheat bran was possible because wheat bran is composed of about eight layers and the physical binding force between these layers is loosened upon absorption of moisture. When different mechanical actions, such as friction and abrasion, are applied to tempered wheat, the "bran" can be sequentially removed (Dexter and Wood, 1996). The fractions, by-products of the debranning process, are rich in dietary fibre (Wood and Mullin, 1996) and may have great potential as functional food ingredients. Wheat bran may reduce the risk of colon cancer and alleviates constipation. [Source: ethanol project - Lkstarwk.en p. 1].  1, fiche 25, Anglais, - debranning

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Debranning of wheat provides a starch enriched feedstock for ethanol production. The economics of this process will be greatly improved by utilization of the co-produced bran fractions. These products are novel; although previously commercially available combined in the form of conventional wheat bran, the separated fractions have not been available. The physicochemical and physiological properties of these fractions are not known, but they have significant potential for impact in the growing health food or functional food markets. [Source : ethanol project-Lkstarwk. en p. 1].  1, fiche 25, Anglais, - debranning

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le décorticage graduel du son de blé est possible parce que le son de blé se compose d'environ huit couches et que la force physique qui unit ces couches diminue lorsque le son absorbe de l'eau. En soumettant le blé conditionné à divers traitements mécaniques comme la friction et l'abrasion, on peut en éliminer le «son» par étapes (Dexter et Wood, 1996). Les fractions ainsi obtenues, sous-produits du décorticage, sont riches en fibres alimentaires (Wood et Mullin, 1996) et pourraient avoir beaucoup de potentiel comme ingrédients alimentaires fonctionnels. Le son de blé, qui soulage la constipation, réduirait en outre le risque de cancer du côlon. [Source: projet éthanol - Lkstarwk.fr p. 1]  1, fiche 25, Français, - d%C3%A9corticage

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le décorticage du son donne un produit riche en amidon qui peut servir de matière première pour la production d'éthanol. La rentabilité de ce traitement s'accroîtrait considérablement si les co-produits du décorticage étaient utilisés. Il s'agit de produits nouveaux : on les trouvait auparavant sur le marché, combinés sous la forme classique du son de blé, mais les fractions n'étaient pas vendues séparément. Or, bien que leurs propriétés physico-chimiques et physiologiques nous soient inconnues, ces fractions ont cependant un potentiel considérable pour le marché des aliments santé ou fonctionnels, toujours en expansion. [Source: projet éthanol - Lkstarwk.fr p. 1].  1, fiche 25, Français, - d%C3%A9corticage

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

dexterous hands can be instrumental in producing a versatile machine. Commercially available robots use parallel jaw grippers : two parallel blocks of metal. Usually, these grippers do not contain object or force sensors.  1, fiche 26, Anglais, - parallel%20jaw%20grippers

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The control drug will be supplied as the commercially available product in a 50 ml amber glass vial containing a total of 2 500 mg of morphine.  1, fiche 27, Anglais, - control%20drug

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Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The high alumina(Al2O3 75-99 percent) ceramics have very good mechanical characteristics at room temperature and elevated temperatures. They also have good dielectric loss properties which persist at low and high frequencies. They can be used at low and high temperatures and have high resistivity, high thermal conductivity, and good thermal shock properties. High-alumina ceramic is one of the best all-around insulations available. It is produced commercially in compositions of up to 99 percent alumina. It has permanent dimensional stability, extreme hardness, chemical inertness, high strength, high impact resistance, vacuum-tightness, high operating temperature, and relatively high thermal conductivity.  1, fiche 28, Anglais, - high%2Dalumina%20ceramic

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The expression "Al2O3 75-99 percent" is written "Al₂ O₃ 75-99 percent" in the text.  2, fiche 28, Anglais, - high%2Dalumina%20ceramic

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Céramiques à haute teneur en alumine. On dénomme alumines frittées les compositions dont la teneur en alumine est supérieure à 80% [...] Les alumines les plus performantes sont généralement les plus pures (A1203>99,5%) [...]  1, fiche 28, Français, - c%C3%A9ramique%20%C3%A0%20haute%20teneur%20en%20alumine

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La dimension [des cristaux] et leur répartition [...] régissent directement les propriétés mécaniques [des alumines frittées] et influent grandement sur les autres propriétés (électriques, optiques, thermiques).  1, fiche 28, Français, - c%C3%A9ramique%20%C3%A0%20haute%20teneur%20en%20alumine

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Espagnol