TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In Canadian constitutional law, cooperative federalism is understood as both a descriptive concept and a legal principle.... As a legal principle, it serves as a guide for constitutional interpretation in division of powers cases. Cooperative federalism is to be "given due weight", meaning that sections 91 and 92 of the Constitution Act, 1867 should be read to allow for "interplay, indeed overlap" between spheres of federal and provincial authority and to favour "the application of valid rules adopted by governments at both levels" over enforcing strict jurisdictional silos.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - cooperative%20federalism

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Not to be confused with the political science principle of the same name, which refers to a network of relationships of various kinds among different levels of government.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - cooperative%20federalism

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il est par ailleurs établi que le fédéralisme coopératif, qui atténue le fédéralisme dualiste canadien, fonde une préférence des tribunaux envers l'intégration des régimes législatifs des deux ordres de gouvernement et la coopération entre ces derniers, ce qui revient nécessairement à interpréter les règles en matière de partage des compétences de manière plus souple.  2, fiche 1, Français, - f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ralisme%20coop%C3%A9ratif

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Ne pas confondre avec le principe de science politique du même nom qui renvoie à un faisceau de rapports de toute nature liant entre eux les différents ordres de gouvernements.  3, fiche 1, Français, - f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ralisme%20coop%C3%A9ratif

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The related rules concerning the intention of the parties proceed from the capital principle that it is to the intention of the parties at the time the instrument was concluded, and in particular the meaning attached by them to words and phrases at the time, that primary regard must be paid. Hence, it is legitimate to consider what was the "purpose" or "plan" of the parties in negotiating the treaty. Nor should a treaty be interpreted so as to restrict unduly the rights intended to be protected by it. What must be ascertained is the ostensible intention of the parties, as disclosed in the four corners of the actual text; only in exceptional circumstances is it permissible to investigate other material to discover this intention. Moreover, a special meaning must be given to a particular term, if it is established that the party so intended.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - intention

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The period, after completion of a contract, during which a contractor is required to make good at his own expense any work which needs repair.  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - warranty%20period

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Do not confuse "warranty" and "guaranty". According to Construction Specifications Canada, "a Warranty is a ... contract or agreement between two parties and usually is included in a contract for goods or services between these parties", whereas "a guarantee is a ’collateral’ agreement for the performance of another’s undertaking".  5, fiche 3, Anglais, - warranty%20period

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

guarantee. A. And "warranty". Originally the same word, "warranty" and "guarantee"(or "-ty") arrived in the language through different medieval French dialects. "Guarantee" is the broader term, ordinarily meaning either(1) "the act of giving a security; the undertaking with respect to(a contract, performance of a legal act, etc.) that it shall be duly carried out, "or(2) "something given or existing as security, e. g., for fulfillment of an engagement or condition"(OED). "Warranty", as a legal term, has slightly more specific and elaborate senses :(1) "a covenant(either express or implied) annexed to a conveyance of realty by which the seller warrants the security of the title conveyed";(2) "an assurance, express or implied, given by the seller of goods, that he will be answerable for their possession of some quality attributed to them"(the seller hereby disclaims all warranties) ;or(3) "in a contract for insurance, an engagement by the insured that certain statements are true or that certain conditions shall be fulfilled"(OED). B. And "guaranty". The distinction in BrE once was that the former is the verb, the latter the noun. Yet "guarantee" is now commonly used as both n. & v. t. in both AmE and BrE. In practice, "guarantee", n., is the usual term, seen often, for example, in the context of consumer warranties or other assurances of quality or performance. "Guaranty", in contrast, is now used primarily in financial and banking contexts in the sense "a promise to answer for the debt of another. ""Guaranty" is now rarely seen in nonlegal writing, whether in G. B. or in the U. S. Some legal writers prefer "guaranty" in all nominal senses.  6, fiche 3, Anglais, - warranty%20period

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Période contractuelle au cours de laquelle le titulaire du marché s'oblige à remettre en état ou à remplacer tout ou partie de l'ouvrage ou de la fourniture qui serait reconnu comme défectueux.  1, fiche 3, Français, - p%C3%A9riode%20de%20garantie

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Malgré ce qu'indique la source OLFMB 1985, il ne faut pas confondre les termes anglais «warranty» et «guaranty», qui ne sont pas [...] synonymes. En effet, selon une étude insérée dans le Devis de Construction Canada, le premier signifie «garantie», tandis que le second correspond à «cautionnement».  3, fiche 3, Français, - p%C3%A9riode%20de%20garantie

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Signals must be given from a point where they can be plainly seen and in such a manner that they cannot be misunderstood. If there is a doubt as to the meaning of a signal, or for whom it is intended, it must be regarded as a stop signal.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - stop%20signal

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Signal qui présente une indication d'arrêt.  2, fiche 4, Français, - signal%20d%27arr%C3%AAt

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A term of variable content and meaning. It may include every species of personal property, or it may be given a very restricted meaning.(Black's, 5th ed. 1979, p. 624).  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - goods

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

In an old broad sense goods includes all chattels real and personal. In a modern and narrower sense it is limited to chattels personal or personal property, excluding chattels real. In many contexts the double phrase "goods and chattels" is used. It is specifically defined, in different terms, in various statutes. ("Oxford Companion to Law," 1980, p. 531)  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - goods

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

goods: term usually used in the plural.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - goods

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

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objets : terme habituellement utilisé au pluriel.  2, fiche 5, Français, - objets

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L'usage dans les conventions internationales est de rendre «goods» par «marchandises».  1, fiche 5, Français, - objets

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 OBS

objets : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 5, Français, - objets

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Voluntary. ] The word used of a gift, conveyance, settlement or similar transaction meaning that no valuable consideration was given in return for it. Equity regards voluntary transfers with suspicion and puts the onus on the party benefited to show that the donor appreciated what he was doing. If he cannot, the gift may be set aside at the instance of the donor or his representatives.("Oxford Companion to Law" 1980, p. 1280).  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - voluntary%20transfer

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

transfert à titre gratuit : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 6, Français, - transfert%20%C3%A0%20titre%20gratuit

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The "jus mereum", or mere right of property, without either possession or even the right of possession. (Ballentine’s, 3rd ed. 1969, p. 794)  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - mere%20right

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"Right" is used by the old writers on real property law in the technical sense of a right which an owner of land had when he had been disseised, so that he had only the right of recovering possession either by entry or action. His estate was then said to be turned to a right....(I) f(he) further suffered a certain time to elapse, or had judgment given against him in a possessory action, he could no longer recover by possessory action, but only by an action on the right, meaning the right of ownership as opposed to the right to possession. Hence his estate was said to be turned to a mere, bare or naked right.(Jowitt's, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 1583)  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - mere%20right

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Acception stricte en droit des biens.  1, fiche 7, Français, - simple%20droit

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simple droit : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 7, Français, - simple%20droit

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Actual notice has been defined as notice expressly and actually given, and brought home to the party directly. The term "actual notice", however, is generally given a wider meaning as embracing two classes, express and implied; the former includes all knowledge of a degree above that which depends upon collateral inference, or which imposes upon the party the further duty of inquiry; the latter imputes knowledge to the party because he is shown to be conscious of having the means of knowledge. In this sense actual notice is such notice as is positively proved to have been given to a party directly and personally, or such as he is presumed to have received personally because the evidence within his knowledge was sufficient to put him upon inquiry.(Black, 6th ed., 1990, pp. 1061-1062).  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - actual%20notice

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

connaissance de fait : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 8, Français, - connaissance%20de%20fait

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Canada Public Service Agency, Office of Public Service Values and Ethics, 2006. Public servants in the Government of Canada are required to be as concerned with preventing apparent conflicts of interest as they are with preventing real and potential conflicts of interest. This paper was developed to contribute to a better understanding of the meaning and significance of apparent conflict of interest, given its implications for the integrity of government, the public service, and individual public servants. The paper is intended to be of use to public servants and public service managers, but will also be of value to members of the public, especially those who work with the public service, to understand the special duties that public servants are required to uphold.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - Apparent%20Conflict%20of%20Interest

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Agence de la fonction publique du Canada, Bureau des valeurs et de l'éthique de la fonction publique, 2006. Les fonctionnaires du gouvernement du Canada doivent se préoccuper d'éviter aussi bien les conflits d'intérêts apparents que les conflits d'intérêts réels et potentiels. Le présent document vise à favoriser une meilleure compréhension de la signification et de l'importance du conflit d'intérêts apparent, compte tenu de ses répercussions sur l'intégrité du gouvernement, de la fonction publique et de chacun des fonctionnaires. Il est destiné à constituer un outil utile aux fonctionnaires et aux gestionnaires de la fonction publique, mais il sera également utile pour le public, en particulier les personnes qui travaillent avec la fonction publique, à comprendre les obligations spéciales que les fonctionnaires se doivent de respecter.  1, fiche 10, Français, - Le%20conflit%20d%27int%C3%A9r%C3%AAts%20apparent

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At-Bats (AB). A batter is charged with an at-bat when he makes an out (unless credited with a sacrifice bunt or sacrifice fly), or reaches base on a base hit, on a fielding error or on a fielder’s choice.  2, fiche 11, Anglais, - at%20bat

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A batter has an at bat every time he faces a pitcher, except in the following circumstances: He receives a base on balls (BB). He is hit by a pitch (HBP). He hits a sacrifice fly or a sacrifice hit (also known as sacrifice bunt). He is awarded first base due to interference or obstruction, usually by the catcher. The inning ends while he is still at bat (due to the third out being made by a runner caught stealing, for example). In this case, the batter will come to bat again in the next inning, though he now has no balls or strikes on him. He is replaced by another hitter before his at bat is completed (unless he is replaced with two strikes and his replacement strikes out).  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - at%20bat

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... "At bat, ""up, ""up at bat, "and "at the plate" are all [expressions] describing a batter who is facing the pitcher. Note that just because a player is described as being "at bat" in this sense, he will not necessarily be given an at bat in his statistics; the phrase actually signifies a plate appearance(assuming it is eventually completed). This ambiguous terminology is usually clarified by context. To refer explicitly to the technical meaning of "at bat" described above, the term "official at bat" is sometimes used.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - at%20bat

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

In baseball, an at bat (AB) is used to calculate certain statistics, including batting average.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - at%20bat

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le total des présences au bâton inclura les présences officielles au bâton, les buts sur balles, les touchers par un lancer, les coups retenus et les ballons sacrifices ainsi que le nombre de fois que le premier but a été accordé par suite d'une interférence ou d'une obstruction.  3, fiche 11, Français, - pr%C3%A9sence%20officielle%20au%20b%C3%A2ton

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Présence officielle au bâton. Pour qu'un frappeur soit crédité d'une présence officielle, une des situations ne doit pas survenir: but sur balles, atteint d'un tir, sacrifice (par un amorti ou un ballon), obstruction (du receveur, habituellement), la manche prend fin pendant la présence (un coureur est retiré), le frappeur est remplacé par un autre frappeur (si le compte montre deux prises et que le substitut est retiré sur 3 prises, le premier frappeur hérite du retrait). On calcule donc le nombre de présences totales ainsi: (présences officielles + buts sur balles + atteint d'un tir + obstruction défensive + coups sacrifices + ballons sacrifices).  4, fiche 11, Français, - pr%C3%A9sence%20officielle%20au%20b%C3%A2ton

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Lee Delfino (Mississauga, Ont.) a été le leader du Canada même s'il n'a pas eu de présence officielle au bâton. Le joueur de troisième but a compté trois points derrière quatre buts sur balles et un lancer qui l'a atteint. Il a aussi volé un but. Morrison a aussi compté trois points.  5, fiche 11, Français, - pr%C3%A9sence%20officielle%20au%20b%C3%A2ton

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Para calcular el promedio de un jugador de béisbol] se divide el número de hits entre turnos oficiales (bases por bola, toque de sacrificio, pelotazos y fly de sacrificios no cuentan como turnos oficiales para fines de [promedio]).  2, fiche 11, Espagnol, - turno%20oficial

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lighterage clause. It is essential to insert the so-called "lighterage clause" in charter-parties which show as port of discharge: any safe port in a certain range, e.g. Havre-Hamburg range. Such a clause may read as follows: "Should steamer be ordered to discharge at a place where there is not sufficient water to enter the first tide after arrival, without lightening, and be always afloat, laydays to count from twenty-four hours after arrival at a safe anchorage for similar vessels bound for such place, and any lighterage incurred to enable her to reach the place of discharge is to be at the expense and risk of the receivers of cargo ...  1, fiche 12, Anglais, - lighterage%20clause

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In this clause, "lighterage" is given the restrictive meaning of "lightening"(to put cargo in lighters in order to lighten the ship, to reduce its draft), instead of its original meaning(loading and/or unloading of cargo by means of lighters but for shipping purposes). Although to change thus the original meaning of lighterage is, strictly speaking, a misuse, the wording of the clause thus called sufficiently specifies its meaning to avoid any misunderstanding. Writers of charter parties and transport documents have universally adopted "lighterage" as a synonym of "lightening" for the corresponding clauses : consequently, in the particular context of clauses incorporated to the above mentioned documents, its usage is to be considered correct.  2, fiche 12, Anglais, - lighterage%20clause

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[La] clause «aussi près que» [...] a pour objet d'autoriser le capitaine, qui ne peut en sécurité gagner le port désigné, à se rendre au port le plus proche et là, décharger la marchandise ou, du moins, d'alléger; si la clause a pu opérer, les frais d'allèges ou les frais de manutention [...] supplémentaires seront supportés par l'affréteur.  3, fiche 12, Français, - clause%20d%27all%C3%A9gement

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[Clause numéro] 7 Allègement : Tout allègement dans un ou des ports de chargement ou de déchargement sera au compte du Marchand.  4, fiche 12, Français, - clause%20d%27all%C3%A9gement

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Cette clause est incorporée au texte uniformisé du connaissement lignes régulières, publié en 1978, par The Baltic and International Maritime Conference.  1, fiche 12, Français, - clause%20d%27all%C3%A9gement

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 4 OBS

allègement : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  2, fiche 12, Français, - clause%20d%27all%C3%A9gement

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Interpretation which is given to provisions of will and the law to be applied therein when there is conflict as to the meaning intended by the deceased. Such function is commonly performed by Probate court.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - construction%20of%20will

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Transport of explosive substances which are unduly sensitive or so reactive as to be subject to spontaneous reaction is prohibited.  2, fiche 14, Anglais, - reactive

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

reactive(reactivity) : As applied to a chemical species, the term expresses a kinetic property. A species is said to be more reactive or to have a higher reactivity in some given context than some other(reference) species if it has a larger rate constant for a specified elementary reaction. The term has meaning only by reference to some explicitly stated or implicitly assumed set of conditions. It is not to be used for reactions or reaction patterns of compounds in general. The term is also more loosely used as a phenomenological description not restricted to elementary reactions. When applied in this sense the property under consideration, may reflect not only rate, but also equilibrium, constants.  3, fiche 14, Anglais, - reactive

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Se dit d'un corps qui entre facilement en réaction.  2, fiche 14, Français, - r%C3%A9actif

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le transport de matières explosives tellement sensibles ou réactives qu'elles sont sujettes à réaction spontanée est interdit.  3, fiche 14, Français, - r%C3%A9actif

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

réactif (réactivité) : Lorsqu'ils se rapportent à des espèces chimiques, ces termes expriment une propriété cinétique. On dit qu'une espèce chimique est, dans un contexte donné, plus réactive qu'une autre espèce prise pour référence ou qu'elle a une plus grande réactivité si la constante de vitesse est supérieure à celle de la référence quand toutes les deux réagissent avec le même réactif dans une réaction élémentaire donnée. Ces termes n'ont de sens que par référence à un standard implicite ou explicite. On ne doit pas les utiliser d'une façon générale pour des réactions (ou des patrons de réaction) de composés. On utilise aussi ce terme, mais de façon moins rigoureuse, pour la description phénoménologique de réactions autres qu'élémentaires. Dans ce cas, la propriété concernée peut refléter non seulement des constantes de vitesse, mais aussi des constantes d'équilibre relatives à des prééquilibres.  3, fiche 14, Français, - r%C3%A9actif

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Inestable (Reactivo)" significa una sustancia química que en estado puro, o cuando se produce o transporta, se polimeriza, descompone, condensa o se vuelve autorreactivo de manera vigorosa bajo condiciones extremas de presión o temperatura.  3, fiche 14, Espagnol, - reactivo

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cretib [cursivas] - El código de clasificación de las características que contienen los residuos peligrosos y que significan: corrosivo, reactivo, explosivo, tóxico, inflamable y biológico infeccioso.  4, fiche 14, Espagnol, - reactivo

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

En el Reglamento General de Seguridad e Higiene en el Trabajo, inestable y reactivo aparecen como sinónimos.  2, fiche 14, Espagnol, - reactivo

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The relative capacity of an atom, molecule, or radical to combine chemically with another atom, molecule, or radical.  3, fiche 15, Anglais, - reactivity

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A description of the tendency of a substance to undergo chemical reaction with the release of energy.  4, fiche 15, Anglais, - reactivity

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Undesirable effects -- such as pressure buildup, temperature increase, formation of toxic, or corrosive by-products -- may occur because of the reactivity of a substance to heating, burning, direct contact with other materials or other conditions in use or in storage.  4, fiche 15, Anglais, - reactivity

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

reactive(reactivity) : As applied to a chemical species, the term expresses a kinetic property. A species is said to be more reactive or to have a higher reactivity in some given context than some other(reference) species if it has a larger rate constant for a specified elementary reaction. The term has meaning only by reference to some explicitly stated or implicitly assumed set of conditions. It is not to be used for reactions or reaction patterns of compounds in general. The term is also more loosely used as a phenomenological description not restricted to elementary reactions. When applied in this sense the property under consideration, may reflect not only rate, but also equilibrium, constants.  5, fiche 15, Anglais, - reactivity

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble des réactions chimiques que peut donner une molécule compte tenu des vitesses de chacune de ces réactions dans les diverses conditions expérimentales possibles.  3, fiche 15, Français, - r%C3%A9activit%C3%A9

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Capacité relative d'un atome, d'une molécule ou d'un radical d'entrer en réaction avec d'autres atomes, molécules ou radicaux.  4, fiche 15, Français, - r%C3%A9activit%C3%A9

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'interprétation des réactions chimiques se trouve au centre des préoccupations des chimistes. La théorie quantique de la réactivité chimique constitue, par voie de conséquence, l'essentiel de la chimie quantique.  5, fiche 15, Français, - r%C3%A9activit%C3%A9

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

réactif (réactivité) : Lorsqu'ils se rapportent à des espèces chimiques, ces termes expriment une propriété cinétique. On dit qu'une espèce chimique est, dans un contexte donné, plus réactive qu'une autre espèce prise pour référence ou qu'elle a une plus grande réactivité si la constante de vitesse est supérieure à celle de la référence quand toutes les deux réagissent avec le même réactif dans une réaction élémentaire donnée. Ces termes n'ont de sens que par référence à un standard implicite ou explicite. On ne doit pas les utiliser d'une façon générale pour des réactions (ou des patrons de réaction) de composés. On utilise aussi ce terme, mais de façon moins rigoureuse, pour la description phénoménologique de réactions autres qu'élémentaires. Dans ce cas, la propriété concernée peut refléter non seulement des constantes de vitesse, mais aussi des constantes d'équilibre relatives à des prééquilibres.  6, fiche 15, Français, - r%C3%A9activit%C3%A9

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lévy-Bruhl proposed two major characteristics of primitive thought. First of all, such thought partakes of the law of participation. Primitive individuals see objects, beings, and other external phenomena as at once identical with themselves and also as something other than themselves. Thus, the Trumai(a tribe in north Brazil) say that they are aquatic animals, meaning not that they are only fish, but rather that they are both human beings and fish, but rather that they are both human beings and fish at the same time. Second, and in a fashion no less incomprehensible to the Western mind, primitive individuals can emit and receive mystical forces, properties, and qualities, which are felt as outside themselves, without their ceasing to be what they are. Thus, a newborn child can suffer the consequences of everything his father does, eats, says, and the like(Cazeneuve 1972). Given these properties, the primitive mind does not abstain from contradiction. There is no need to give up an idea because it collides with another one : both notions can be entertained simultaneously.  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - law%20of%20participation

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

News is a perishable commodity that must be given to the public while it is fresh. This type of news is "timely", meaning the reader must consume it while still usable.  2, fiche 17, Anglais, - time%2Dsensitive

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Désigne une émission ou un article qui par son rapport à l'actualité risque de devenir rapidement désuet.  3, fiche 17, Français, - %C3%A0%20dur%C3%A9e%20de%20vie%20critique

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il faut classer les émissions d'affaires publiques parmi les émissions à durée de vie critique.  2, fiche 17, Français, - %C3%A0%20dur%C3%A9e%20de%20vie%20critique

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"A durée de vie critique" est le terme technique; "périmable" est le terme préféré dans la langue courante.  3, fiche 17, Français, - %C3%A0%20dur%C3%A9e%20de%20vie%20critique

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Espagnol