TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The most important city of the province of Quebec, but not its capital. It occupies all the Île de Montréal(or Montréal Island), the biggest island of the Hochelaga Archipelago, at the confluence of the St. Lawrence River and the Ottawa River. In 1535, Jacques Cartier visited the native village of Hochelaga on the slope of what he named "Mont Royal, "but by 1608, year of the foundation of Québec, all the Iroquoians were gone. At the same location, Ville-Marie was founded as a missionary colony by Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve in 1642, though it was not until the conclusion of the "Grande Paix"(peace treaty) of 1701 that the colony stopped living in a permanent state of war. The establishment became the great centre of the fur trade and a starting point for expeditions by the coureurs de bois and voyageurs of the time. Trade from the port and agriculture on the surrounding plains contributed to the development of the city. By the 1820s, its population outnumbered that of the city of Québec. A dynamic merchant class began to invest and "St. James Street, "now "la rue Saint-Jacques, "became the country's financial centre. Around 1831, large-scale immigration enabled the population of British origin to be the majority in the city but, at the time of Confederation in 1867 and after, the francophones were again in the majority, gradually making the city the centre of the French culture in America. Erected as a municipality in 1832, the city underwent a steady growth with the addition of the territories of 35 towns over the years. If Toronto grabbed the title of "Business Capital" by the end of the 20th Century, Montréal remained the "Metropolis of Canada. "In 1996, the metropolitan region grouped some 111 municipalities located on three of the islands of the Hochelaga Archipelago, Montréal Island, Jésus Island and Bizard Island, and, on the South Shore, the city of Longueuil and the seven others that were to be part of it on the 1 January 2002...  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - Montr%C3%A9al

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Coordinates: 45°30’ 73°36’ (Québec).  4, fiche 1, Anglais, - Montr%C3%A9al

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

In Canada (with seven exceptions as of December 31, 2004), the name of an inhabited place has the same form in English and French, which form is listed in the Gazetteer of the province or territory in accordance with the inscription in the Incorporation Act of the entity. This rule also applies for the historic designation of an inhabited place, even if the designation is not or no longer gazetteered.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - Montr%C3%A9al

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 OBS

The "city of Montréal" is the geographical entity: "The city of Montréal takes its name from a contraction of the name given to the mountain by Jacques Cartier in 1535, "Mont Royal", while "City of Montréal" refers to its governing body or administrative instance.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - Montr%C3%A9al

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 4 OBS

The inhabitant of Montréal is a "Montrealer" (since 1919), man or woman. The name of the city always takes an accent while the demonym, taking an English form with the addition of an English suffix, is written without the accent.  5, fiche 1, Anglais, - Montr%C3%A9al

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La plus importante ville de la province de Québec mais qui n'en est pas la capitale. Elle occupe l'île de Montréal, la plus grande des îles de l'archipel d'Hochelaga, au confluent du fleuve Saint-Laurent et de la rivière des Outaouais. En 1535, Jacques Cartier visite le village autochtone d'Hochelaga sur les pentes de ce qu'il nomme le mont Royal, mais en 1608, à l'époque de la fondation de Québec, tous les Iroquoiens ont disparu de l'emplacement. Le sieur Paul de Chomedey de Maisonneuve y fonde, en 1642, Ville-Marie, une colonie missionnaire chargée d'évangéliser les «Indiens», mais seule la Grande Paix de 1701 permet à la colonie d'échapper au climat de guerre dans lequel elle doit vivre. L'avantageux emplacement du site en fait un centre de la traite des fourrures et le carrefour des coureurs de bois et des explorateurs. Le commerce et l'agriculture qui se fait sur les plaines environnantes permettent à la ville de se développer. En 1820, elle devient plus populeuse que la ville de Québec. Son dynamisme fait que s'y installe le centre des affaires du pays, sur la «St. James Street» d'alors, devenue la rue Saint-Jacques par la suite. Vers 1831, l'immigration massive permet aux habitants d'origine britannique de devenir majoritaire, mais, à compter de l'époque de la Confédération en 1867, la population francophone redevient supérieure à la population anglophone, la ville devenant le centre de l'expression de la culture française en Amérique. Érigée en municipalité en 1832, elle prend des dimensions imposantes à la faveur de 35 fusions de villes réalisées au fil des ans. Si, Toronto lui ravit le titre de «Capitale des affaires» à la fin du XXe siècle, elle conserve celui de «Métropole du Canada» et de «Ville aux cent clochers». En 1996, la région métropolitaine comprend environ 111 municipalités, celles occupant l'île de Montréal, l'île Jésus et l'île Bizard de l'archipel d'Hochelaga, et, sur la Rive-Sud, la ville de Longueuil [...]  2, fiche 1, Français, - Montr%C3%A9al

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Coordonnées : 45°30' 73°36' (Québec).  4, fiche 1, Français, - Montr%C3%A9al

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Au Canada (sauf sept exceptions au 31 décembre 2004), le nom d'un lieu habité a la même forme en français et en anglais, celle consignée au Répertoire de la province ou du territoire conformément à l'inscription sur l'Acte d'incorporation de l'entité. Cette règle s'applique également pour la désignation historique d'un lieu habité même si cette désignation ne figure pas ou plus au Répertoire.  2, fiche 1, Français, - Montr%C3%A9al

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Un nom de ville est féminin, même lorsque le pseudo-générique «ville» ne le précède pas : «Montréal est située sur une île, au cœur du Saint-Laurent».  2, fiche 1, Français, - Montr%C3%A9al

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 4 OBS

La «ville de Montréal» est la ville géographique : La ville de Montréal doit son nom à la contraction de «mont Royal», nom que donne Jacques Cartier à la montagne dès 1535.». Par contre, «Ville de Montréal» signifie l'administration municipale ou la personne morale.  2, fiche 1, Français, - Montr%C3%A9al

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 5 OBS

Le citoyen ou habitant de la ville de Montréal est un «Montréalais», une «Montréalaise» (depuis 1859); historiquement, l'habitant de Ville-Marie était un ou une «Ville-Mariste».  5, fiche 1, Français, - Montr%C3%A9al

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Mayor ciudad de la provincia de Quebec, en Canadá y la segunda más poblada del país​ después de Toronto.  2, fiche 1, Espagnol, - Montreal

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Agricultural production is dependent, in part, on the cycling of nitrogen within the rural environment.... Before nitrogen can be used by plants, it must be converted into forms that are available to plants; this conversion is called mineralization. The plants take up these mineral forms through their root systems and form plant proteins and other organic forms of nitrogen. Livestock eat crops and produce manure, which is returned to the soil, adding organic and mineral forms of nitrogen to the soil, which can be used again by the next crop.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - return%20to%20soil

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'agriculture est tributaire, en partie, du cycle de l'azote qui s'opère en milieu rural. [...] Avant de pouvoir être assimilé par les végétaux, l'azote doit d'abord être converti en une forme bioassimilable, au cours d'un processus appelé minéralisation. Assimilé par les racines des végétaux, l'azote minéralisé entre dans la composition de protéines végétales et d'autres substances organiques azotées. Les animaux d'élevage consomment les cultures et produisent des déjections qui retournent au sol une part de l'azote sous formes organique et minérale, sous lesquelles il peut à nouveau servir aux cultures.  2, fiche 2, Français, - retourner%20au%20sol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A recyclable object can be recycled; it can be used again(either in its existing form or it can be broken down so its materials can be used again to create new objects).  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - recyclable

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Qui peut être transformé de manière à être réintroduit dans un cycle de production pour la fabrication de nouveaux produits.  2, fiche 3, Français, - recyclable

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Se dice de un producto realizado con materiales que pueden ser aprovechados para el mismo o para un nuevo uso.  1, fiche 3, Espagnol, - reciclable

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

reciclable: término y definición extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  2, fiche 3, Espagnol, - reciclable

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As stated above, recreational dive planners are for "no-decompression" diving. That's unfortunately a rather ambiguous term because, of course, we do decompress as we ascend to the surface again. What it really means is that the data in the tables shows the length of time you can stay at a certain depth and still be able to ascend without making mandatory scheduled "decompression stops. "  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - no%2Ddecompression%20diving

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To correct an unbalanced reed, the thicker side of the reed needs to be sanded or shaved with a reed knife on the shoulder of the shaved side of the reed, called the vamp. After removing a small portion of cane only on the thicker side, the saxophonist should visually inspect the reed again and also test-play it.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - reed%20knife

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si l'anche vibre plus d'un côté que de l'autre, j'enlève de l'épaisseur sur le côté opposé, près de la pointe, avec un couteau à anche.  1, fiche 5, Français, - couteau%20%C3%A0%20anche

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For a Hubble constant of 71 km/s/Mpc [kilometer/second/megaparsec], as given by current measurements, the Hubble time is around 14 billion years. In practice, the actual age of the Universe is slightly less than the Hubble time because the expansion rate was faster in the past, although it is now believed to be accelerating again.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - Hubble%20time

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When operating in the pressure mode, the transfer valve redirects the discharge from one impeller to the intake of the second impeller... The second impeller can only discharge the quantity given to it by the first. However, the pressure generated by the first impeller can be used by the second. Again, because the impellers are rotating on the same drive shaft, they will each produce a specific quantity and pressure. The second impeller takes the pressure given to it by the first impeller and adds its pressure.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - first%20impeller

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The range or spread in results from climate models, such as those assembled for Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5).  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - model%20spread

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It should again be emphasized that this range does not represent the full uncertainty in the projection. The distribution combines the effects of natural variability and model spread.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - model%20spread

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Éventail des résultats obtenus à partir de modèles climatiques, notamment ceux regroupés pour les besoins [de la] cinquième phase de l'exercice de comparaison de modèles couplés (CMIP5).  2, fiche 8, Français, - dispersion%20des%20mod%C3%A8les

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il convient de souligner une fois de plus que cette fourchette ne représente pas la totalité de l'incertitude des projections. La distribution combine les effets de la variabilité naturelle et de la dispersion des modèles.  3, fiche 8, Français, - dispersion%20des%20mod%C3%A8les

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[The] information assets organizations collect, process and store during regular business activities, but generally fail to use for other purposes ...  2, fiche 9, Anglais, - dark%20data

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... To make it more relatable, dark data is like all of the photos on your devices... Most of them will never be used or even viewed again, but they are there.  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - dark%20data

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Malgré les volumes importants, il y a pourtant des données que l'entreprise n'exploite pas, et dans certains cas ne stocke pas : on les appelle les données noires [...] une sorte de matière noire des données.  1, fiche 9, Français, - donn%C3%A9es%20noires

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... technical and operational procedures for mechanized track surfacing ... are applicable to ballast tampers capable of continuously levelling, lining and tamping track, ballast regulators, and ballast stabilisers.  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - ballast%20tamper

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The ballast tamper ride on the track itself.... Low spots in a line are raised by tamping in more tightly the ballast beneath the ties, and where ballast is disturbed... it must be tamped back in again.  3, fiche 10, Anglais, - ballast%20tamper

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] lors de travaux de voie importants, certains engins (bourreuses de ballast, trains travaux très lourds) provoquent des vibrations plus importantes.  1, fiche 10, Français, - bourreuse%20de%20ballast

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

With most programs, the contact list can be minimized to keep it from getting in the way, and is accessed again by selecting its icon.  2, fiche 11, Anglais, - contact%20list

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cuando respondas a un mensaje que incluya una dirección de correo electrónico que no figure en tu lista de contactos, es posible que se te pregunte si deseas agregarla.  2, fiche 11, Espagnol, - lista%20de%20contactos

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To lay-up a vessel means to stop using it for a certain period. It will simply be anchored in appropriate waters. The reasons for lay-up might be to wait for a better scrap price or to deactivate the vessel due to over-capacities with the intention of activating it again later. Lay-up periods can be as short as a few weeks and as long as five years and more.  2, fiche 12, Anglais, - lay%2Dup

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Fait de mettre] un navire en réserve après avoir débarqué son matériel et ses approvisionnements.  2, fiche 12, Français, - d%C3%A9sarmement

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The production of beef on the bone is generally produced from cattle aged 22 to 30 months, and requires part of the vertebral column of the animal to be left in the final cut.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - beef%20on%20the%20bone

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

It paves the way for beef on the bone, such as the Italian Fiorentina steak or T-bone steak, to be produced again in the EU.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - beef%20on%20the%20bone

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le bœuf non désossé canadien autorisé aux États-Unis.  1, fiche 13, Français, - b%26oelig%3Buf%20non%20d%C3%A9soss%C3%A9

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pump surging(sometimes called Rawhiding) involves the repeated pumping and resting of the well for well development purposes. A column of water that is withdrawn through a pump is allowed to surge back into the well by turning the pump on and off repeatedly. However, sufficient time for the pump motor to stop reverse rotation must be allowed, such that pump damage can be avoided. Occasionally, water is pumped to waste until it is clear of sediment before again shutting the pump off. This is done to permanently remove the sediments that are being developed by the backwashing action. The process continues until sufficient quantities of water produced are consistently clean.  1, fiche 14, Anglais, - pump%20surging

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Pumping.- Also referred to as raw hiding or pumping and surging. Pump the well in a series of steps from low discharge rates to discharge rates considerably higher than design capacity. Pump until discharge is relatively sand free.  2, fiche 14, Anglais, - pump%20surging

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] ledit prolongement de la tige jumelée de manœuvre agit tel un piston, caractérisé en ce que cet effet provoque un pompage-refoulement, tel une pompe mono-piston alternative.  1, fiche 14, Français, - pompage%2Drefoulement

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Une pompe est en général constituée d'un piston coulissant dans un cylindre. [...] avec de l'eau, on parle [...] de refoulement (projection d'eau hors de la pompe) ou d'aspiration (pompage, épuisement). Une même pompe peut servir à l'aspiration et au refoulement. [...] Pompe d'aspiration-refoulement.  2, fiche 14, Français, - pompage%2Drefoulement

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

After launch, the following scenario will be developed : the ATV [Automated Transfer Vehicle] separates from the launcher and attains a circular orbit. After 46 hours of phasing, the rendez-vous with the ISS [International Space Station] will be prepared. Docking will take place on the side of the Russian service module. After a period of six months, the ATV will separate from the ISS and disintegrate if it reaches again the Earth's atmosphere. The operators of the... site in Les Mureaux will organize the actual simulation of the docking procedure by running the optical rendez-vous sensor(RVS) in real time with the other sub-components within the space system.  2, fiche 15, Anglais, - rendez%2Dvous%20sensor

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Run the optical rendez-vous sensor.  2, fiche 15, Anglais, - rendez%2Dvous%20sensor

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Poursuivant sa mission, l'équipage de la navette Atlantis [...] a réussi dans la nuit de vendredi à samedi le rendez-vous spatial qui était prévu avec la station orbitale russe Mir. [...] Au cours de cette manœuvre, l'équipage a pu par ailleurs tester avec succès une nouvelle technologie d'approche de deux vaisseaux spatiaux, à rayon laser, mise au point par l'ESA [Agence spatiale européenne]. Le système de vision et le détecteur de rendez-vous, pour les approches initiale et finale, ont bien fonctionné, a indiqué l'Agence européenne.  2, fiche 15, Français, - d%C3%A9tecteur%20de%20rendez%2Dvous

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

These, [ex-works and ex-store contracts] again, are contracts which specify with greater particularity the place of delivery of goods. Under such contracts it is the duty of the buyer to collect the goods from the works or store(whichever be involved) at which time property and risk, unless otherwise agreed, will pass to the buyer. An ex-store contract is different from one which requires delivery ex-lighter or ex-quay.  2, fiche 16, Anglais, - ex%2Dstore%20contract

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(Heeling in) is a procedure designed to keep alive and in the best possible condition bare-root plants dug for transplanting that cannot be planted immediately. ... It is done by digging a trench or ditch of sufficient size to accommodate the roots of plants laid as closely together as practicable without breaking, or bunching the roots to the extent that soil filled in will not be in contact with them.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - trench

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Water your heeling trenches thoroughly, immediately before setting your plants into this temporary home. Cut off any roots which were damaged in the moving process, and then you can set each plant into the trench, allowing a small space between each rootball. Mix moist peat moss or wood shavings with the native soil to increase the water retention capabilities of the soil. Using this mixture, work the soil in among the roots, and cover the entire root ball slightly deeper than at the depth it was previously covered. Water again, thoroughly. Be sure to water this holding area regularly, but do not feed the plants. This method should keep your plants alive for 6 months or longer, until you are ready to set them into their permanent garden home.  2, fiche 17, Anglais, - trench

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tranchée qui sert à l'entreposage des végétaux en attente de plantation définitive ou pour leur conservation hivernale.  3, fiche 17, Français, - jauge

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Consent is either not required or may be dispensed with by a judge if both the minor's parents are dead or incapable of acting and no guardian has been appointed. Again, in all the provinces, a judge may grant an order dispensing with the normally required parental or tutorial consent if the parent or guardian withholds it unreasonably or arbitrarily.  2, fiche 18, Anglais, - order%20dispensing%20with%20parental%20consent

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ordonnance dispensant du consentement parental : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 18, Français, - ordonnance%20dispensant%20du%20consentement%20parental

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... if a child is born more than the possible period after separation, the child is presumed to be illegitimate until it is shown that the husband and wife have come together again. This presumption of illegitimacy may be rebutted by evidence which shows that it is more probable than not that the child is legitimate...  2, fiche 19, Anglais, - presumption%20of%20illegitimacy

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

présomption d'illégitimité : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 19, Français, - pr%C3%A9somption%20d%27ill%C3%A9gitimit%C3%A9

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Of, or pertaining to, liquid plastics which contain suspended colloidal solids (such as finely divided silica) that are gel-like at rest but become fluid when applied.  2, fiche 20, Anglais, - thixotropic

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is important that the gel formed by the mud, when drilling is not in progress, be thixotropic(i. e., that it be readily converted to a fluid state by agitation and then gel again when at rest) in order to prevent the cuttings from settling to the bottom of the hole.  3, fiche 20, Anglais, - thixotropic

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Most drilling fluids must be thixotropic so that the cuttings in the fluid will remain in suspension when circulation is stopped.  3, fiche 20, Anglais, - thixotropic

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Se dit d'une substance qui se comporte au repos comme un gel, mais comme un liquide visqueux quand on la remue.  3, fiche 20, Français, - thixotrope

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fluide thixotrope.  4, fiche 20, Français, - thixotrope

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Se dice de una sustancia que se comporta como un gel cuando está en reposo, pero como líquido viscoso cuando se agita.  1, fiche 20, Espagnol, - tixotr%C3%B3pica

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is often found that in his repetition [a witness] gives the lacking statement--possibly omitting one given the first time. This method may be tried more than once, and as a matter of expediency--so as to have the advantage of getting the whole story on the witness's own unaided recollection--counsel might pass on to some other subject and later revert to the conversation, asking him again to state it.  1, fiche 21, Anglais, - unaided%20recollection

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Once again, we realize how vitally important it is to insist on rational macroeconomic management that employs the tools of monetary and fiscal analysis to create the favorable environment for stability and growth which is vitally necessary if the classical principles of economics are to be relevant and valid.  1, fiche 22, Anglais, - macroeconomic%20management

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le ministre des Finances, aidé du ministère des Finances, s'occupe [entre autres] des perspectives économiques, de la gestion macroéconomique, des politiques fiscale et budgétaire.  1, fiche 22, Français, - gestion%20macro%C3%A9conomique

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

macroéconomique : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  2, fiche 22, Français, - gestion%20macro%C3%A9conomique

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The identification number of each ballot box seal should be recorded by polling personnel during opening procedures and again during reconciliation to ensure it has not been tampered with during voting.  2, fiche 23, Anglais, - ballot%20box%20seal

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

You can get ready for change, but if you don’t prepare for transition, you can be unpleasantly surprised by the turmoil it creates internally. Even a positive change, like a desired move to another country, or home again, can profoundly disorient people because they have not prepared for the inner re-orientation they encounter.  1, fiche 24, Anglais, - be%20unpleasantly%20surprised

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Workers feel blindsided by [the company]. Employees at the company’s ... plant say they knew something bad was coming because of rumors, the closed front gate and unfilled positions.  2, fiche 24, Anglais, - be%20unpleasantly%20surprised

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour ne pas être désagréablement surpris, il est possible d'écouter les radios qui en toute légalité relaient les lieux de positionnement des radars signalés par leurs auditeurs.  2, fiche 24, Français, - %C3%AAtre%20d%C3%A9sagr%C3%A9ablement%20surpris

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Vous pouvez être prêt au changement, mais si vous ne l'êtes pas en ce qui concerne la transition, vous pourriez être désagréablement surpris de la crise personnelle qui vous attend. Même un changement positif, comme le désir de partir dans un autre pays ou de retourner dans son pays, peut profondément désorienter une personne si elle n'y est pas prête.  3, fiche 24, Français, - %C3%AAtre%20d%C3%A9sagr%C3%A9ablement%20surpris

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Once a thing appendant has been separated from the principal so as to be held in gross, or independently, it can never become appendant again, though it may be re-annexed to the principal so as to become appurtenant....(Jowitt's, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 119)  1, fiche 25, Anglais, - thing%20appendant

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

chose annexe : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 25, Français, - chose%20annexe

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Literally, a crop in the process of growth, an unmatured crop. But a disputed term in legal parlance. Some authorities hold that a growing crop may be either above or below the surface of the soil, while other authorities hold that a crop is not a growing crop unless it shows above ground, and that underground sprouts do not constitute such a crop. Again, some authorities hold that a crop is growing from the time the seed is planted until the harvest, while other authorities hold that a matured, ungathered crop is not growing. Whether grass in a pasture is a growing crop is also a controverted question.(Ballentine's, 3rd ed., 1969, p. 538)  1, fiche 26, Anglais, - growing%20crop

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

récolte en cours de croissance : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 26, Français, - r%C3%A9colte%20en%20cours%20de%20croissance

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Similarly, the same sets of fingerprints could be found at two different crime scenes, but again without the prints being on file. This would be another case of entity resolution without entity identification, i. e. we know they belong to the same person, but just don’t know whose they are. When this process is done intentionally, we call it anonymous entity resolution.  2, fiche 27, Anglais, - anonymous%20entity%20resolution

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A public person who advocates or fervently supports military solutions to political problems and who has personally declined to take advantage of a significant opportunity to serve in uniform during wartime.  2, fiche 28, Anglais, - chicken%20hawk

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... it looks like the "chicken-hawks" are at it again. These people who were too chicken to go to war(or even serve in the military) become middle-aged hawks looking for an opportunity to send others to kill and be killed.  1, fiche 28, Anglais, - chicken%20hawk

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In England during World War I, as thousands were dying pointlessly in the trenches, pretty girls went around handing white feathers -- a symbol of cowardice -- to men who weren’t in uniform. The one group currently being handed white feathers who may deserve them are the so-called "war wimps" or "chicken hawks" -- prominent Americans helping to spread war fever today who avoided service during Vietnam.  1, fiche 28, Anglais, - chicken%20hawk

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The general trump-it-all insult that the antiwar crowd aims at the pro-war crowd these days is a neat little portmanteau term that manages to impute, at once, cowardice, ignorance, selfishness, bloodlust (as long as the blood spills from others’ veins) and hypocrisy: "chicken hawk.  3, fiche 28, Anglais, - chicken%20hawk

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pit sawing operations have a long and vibrant history. Well before circular saws were used to saw logs lengthwise, they were processed by placing them over a "pit"-hence the reference to "pit saw. "The saw operates vertically up and down. Operated by two men, a man on top, known as the "Top Dog", guided the saw as it was pulled down in a cutting motion by the "Underdog. "The "Top dog" recovered the saw and the "Underdog" then pulled it down in a cutting motion again. Needless to say the "Underdog" copped a fair bit of sawdust. The top of the saw has a fixed "tiller handle" so the topdog can guide it and cut a straight line. The lower part of the saw has a "block" which is easily detachable with a wedge. The block can be taken off to allow the saw to be threaded through the saw cut.  1, fiche 29, Anglais, - tiller%20handle

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La scie de long [...] se compose d'un cadre de bois rectangulaire, formé de deux montants, deux bras, et de deux traverses, l'une haute, l'autre basse. [...] Chaque traverse porte une poignée; celle du haut, appelée chevrette, est dans le plan de la monture, alors que celle du bas, le renard, lui est perpendiculaire. La scie est maniée verticalement, par deux [...] hommes.  1, fiche 29, Français, - chevrette

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A tennis official who judges whether a shot is good or not.  4, fiche 30, Anglais, - linesperson

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The linesman’s specific duty is to call faults and decide points relating soley to his own line and in any instance where he may be unsighted the umpire should fulfil his duty.  5, fiche 30, Anglais, - linesperson

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Carsten Arriens, a qualifier from Germany, became only the second player in the Open Era to be disqualified from a Grand Slam tournament when he was ejected after hitting a linesman with his racket... Arriens lost the second set, then threw his racket again. It hit a line judge in the ankle.  6, fiche 30, Anglais, - linesperson

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

If a shot is long or wide, the linesperson will call "fault". A full squad of linesmen for a match is ten.  4, fiche 30, Anglais, - linesperson

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The politically correct terms (because they are gender-neutral) are "linesperson" and "line judge". Use "linesman" only when referring to a male person and "lineswoman", to a female person.  4, fiche 30, Anglais, - linesperson

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Une des dix personnes dont le rôle est de juger si la balle est tombée à l'intérieur ou sur la ligne (bonne balle) ou à l'extérieur d'une ligne (balle hors jeu).  2, fiche 30, Français, - juge%20de%20ligne

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Officiels de l'arbitrage : 1 juge-arbitre, des arbitres de chaise assistés de juges de lignes, de fautes de pied, de filet.  3, fiche 30, Français, - juge%20de%20ligne

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Son considerados como accesorios permanentes de la pista, no sólo la red, postes, cuerda o cable metálico, cincha, y franja de tela, sino también, cuando los haya, las telas metálicas, los fondos, tribunas, asientos fijos o transportables, las sillas situadas alrededor de la pista y sus ocupantes, así como todos aquellos elementos colocados en torno o encima de la misma, y el juez de silla, el juez de faltas de pie y los jueces de línea, cuando se hallen en sus puestos respectivos.  2, fiche 30, Espagnol, - juez%20de%20l%C3%ADnea

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A cooling process whereby the product to be cooled is immersed in chilled water.  2, fiche 31, Anglais, - flood%2Dtype%20hydrocooling

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fruit Cooling. Requirement : Cool on the same day as picked from the orchard, hundreds of crates of fruit from the field temperature(core at perhaps 95 degrees) to as close as 33 degrees storage temperature as possible prior to passage to the storage rooms. This requires a hydro-cooling system that will deliver large quantities of recirculated water at 33 degrees that can be flooded over the warm fruit on a conveyor belt that accepts fruit from the field and delivers it to the storage rooms. During this flooding process, the water collects fruit residue(leaves, stems, dust) that must be settled from the return water before it is again cooled and delivered to the fruit flooding process.  3, fiche 31, Anglais, - flood%2Dtype%20hydrocooling

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procédé de réfrigération par lequel les denrées sont plongées dans de l'eau à une température d'environ 0 °C.  1, fiche 31, Français, - r%C3%A9frig%C3%A9ration%20par%20immersion%20dans%20l%27eau%20glac%C3%A9e

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Engine designers spend substantial time and money on computer simulations... of rotors to predict LCF [low-cycle fatigue] life, but these simulations are not sufficiently reliable, however, to be the sole tool in managing design life. After design and before extensive field use, it is important to measure the LCF life of a new or modified design in a spin test machine. These machines(called “spin pits”) are designed to cycle the rotor from some low speed to operational speed then back again.  2, fiche 32, Anglais, - spin%20pit

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cabine protégée et spécialement conçue pour effectuer des essais en survitesse de disques ou de rotors jusqu'à leur point de rupture.  2, fiche 32, Français, - fosse%20de%20survitesse

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Étude des vibrations de rotors en fosse de survitesse.  3, fiche 32, Français, - fosse%20de%20survitesse

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A cloning vehicle which has cleavage sites for two or more restriction endonucleases, thus defining a fragment of DNA which can be removed and replaced by foreign DNA.  2, fiche 33, Anglais, - replacement%20vector

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Making more subtle mutations : the "knock in". Although it is often desirable to simply inactivate a gene to determine the importance of a null phenotype, in many cases it is more informative not to inactivate a gene, but rather to modify it so that its function is altered. Again, this is a task(which is the logical equivalent of site directed mutagenesis in a plasmid) that can be solved by homologous recombination. In this case a targeting vector is designed as a replacement vector so that additional genetic sequence are added into the genome. This technique is sometimes called a "knock-in".  2, fiche 33, Anglais, - replacement%20vector

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Véhicule de clonage comportant un ou plusieurs sites de coupure pour une enzyme de restriction donnée définissant ainsi un fragment d'ADN pouvant être éliminé et remplacé par de l'ADN étranger.  2, fiche 33, Français, - vecteur%20de%20remplacement

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Thomas et Capecchi ont au contraire muté le gène Hprt dans des cellules ES en utilisant deux types de construction déduits des mécanismes de recombinaison connus chez la levure : des vecteurs de remplacement, dont les séquences viennent remplacer les séquences homologues endogènes, et des vecteurs d'insertion, dont les séquences s'insèrent au milieu des séquences endogènes.  3, fiche 33, Français, - vecteur%20de%20remplacement

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Locking by use of] a device for ensuring the operation of the parking brake by mechanical wedging of the brake piston rod.  1, fiche 34, Anglais, - mechanical%20locking%20of%20the%20brake%20cylinders

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Mechanical locking occurs when the locking chamber is emptied of compressed air; the mechanical locking device [is] designed in such a way that it can be released when the locking chamber is again subjected to pressure.  1, fiche 34, Anglais, - mechanical%20locking%20of%20the%20brake%20cylinders

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Verrouillage à l'aide d'un] dispositif assurant la fonction de freinage de stationnement en coinçant mécaniquement la tige du piston du frein.  1, fiche 34, Français, - verrouillage%20m%C3%A9canique%20des%20cylindres%20de%20frein

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The basic design of the PWR [pressurized water reactor] has not changed … The reactor core contains uranium fuel clad in zircalloy tubes. As silver, indium, and cadmium control rods are extracted from the core, the fuel heats up. Water circulated through the fuel rod area at 2000 psi [pounds per square inch] is heated to 600°F. It transfers its heat to secondary water in U-shaped tubes. The cooled primary water is then pumped back to the reactor core to be heated again.  1, fiche 35, Anglais, - primary%20water

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dans un générateur de vapeur à recirculation naturelle équipant un réacteur nucléaire, eau pure déminéralisée et désoxygénée utilisée comme caloporteur.  2, fiche 35, Français, - eau%20primaire

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Canada Grain Act was again amended in 1929 allowing the Board of Grain Commissioners to move its office from Thunder Bay to Winnipeg where it would be closer to producers, the grain producing area, and the head offices of grain companies. The amendments also prohibited mixing within the first four grades of wheat. The government also established a new Board of Grain Commissioners, the first task of which was to review the act.  1, fiche 36, Anglais, - first%20four%20grades%20of%20wheat

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La loi sur les grains du Canada était de nouveau modifiée en 1929 afin de permettre à la Commission des grains du Canada de transporter son siège social de Thunder Bay à Winnipeg où elle serait plus près des producteurs, des zones productrices de grains et des sièges sociaux des compagnies de grain. Les modifications interdisaient aussi le mélange dans les quatre premiers grades de blé. Le gouvernement instituait aussi une nouvelle Commission des grains du Canada dont la première tâche a été de réviser la loi.  1, fiche 36, Français, - quatre%20premiers%20grades%20de%20bl%C3%A9

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nested case-control study of lung cancer among chemical workers.  2, fiche 37, Anglais, - nested%20case%2Dcontrol%20study

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A case-control study was undertaken nested in a cohort of 208 patients with invasive cervical carcinoma in Montreal.  3, fiche 37, Anglais, - nested%20case%2Dcontrol%20study

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 3 CONT

In the largest cohort of nearly 7000 workers who were exposed to unspecified cadmium compounds(Armstrong and Kazantzis, 1983; Kazantzis et al., 1988), there again was excess mortality from lung cancer with increasing intensity of exposure, but the increase could not be accounted for by cumulative exposure to cadmium. Rather, based on a nested case-control study, it was associated with the estimated cumulative exposure to arsenic or lead(Ades and Kazantzis, 1988).  4, fiche 37, Anglais, - nested%20case%2Dcontrol%20study

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans une cohorte plus nombreuse, formée de près de 7 000 travailleurs qui avaient été exposés à des composés du cadmium non précisés [...], on a de nouveau constaté une surmortalité par cancer du poumon qui augmentait avec le degré d'exposition, mais cette augmentation ne pouvait pas être attribuée à l'exposition cumulative au cadmium; selon une étude de cas-témoins emboîtés, elle était plutôt associée à l'exposition cumulée estimée à l'arsenic ou au plomb [...]  2, fiche 37, Français, - %C3%A9tude%20de%20cas%2Dt%C3%A9moins%20embo%C3%AEt%C3%A9s

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The format of what would become the Shearwater International Air Show or SIAS began to crystallize in 1981. Obviously, it could not compete with bigger shows playing to larger population centres. So, if the biggest was not possible, SIAS aimed to be the best. The show's search for excellence was rewarded by many successes; air displays equaling any in the country and over 75 different static aircraft from as many as seven countries. In addition, over 80 high-quality ground exhibits were displayed, including such as an Iraqi Scud missile and the weapon which brought it down, the US Army's Patriot System. Efforts to raise the Nova Scotia International Air Show(NSIAS) from the ashes were unsuccessful in 1996, but a few dedicated believers took on the task to try again for 1997 and were more than rewarded for their efforts. NSIAS 97 was a co-production of the three levels of government, the private sector and the military in the Atlantic Region. A lot of hard work, negotiations and good will produced a first class show that had all the trade marks of past SIAS events and then some. With a superb two-day attendance and an overall economic impact exceeding 14 million dollars, Shearwater and Nova Scotia were clearly on the air show map.  1, fiche 38, Anglais, - Nova%20Scotia%20International%20Air%20Show

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The XB-25E was a standard production modified for anti-icing research. The carburetor air intake duct was faired internally into the top of the cowling and an anti-icing air intake was mounted at the bottom. Each row of cylinders exhausted through a separate exchanger, one ported outboard and one inboard of each nacelle. Ram air from the lower cowling duct was routed underneath the engine to a split duct, each side of which was directed to one of the heat exchangers. Air admitted to these heat exchangers was directed through a series of gates that allowed diversion of heated air either to the anti-icing system or out the exhaust. A complex system of ducting led the hot air to the outer wing leading edges and also into the fuselage and to the leading edges of the tail. It was intended that the temperature of the hot air would be sufficiently high that ice on the wing leading edges surfaces would be vaporized rather than melted, which would have prevented water from flowing aft and then freezing again on flaps and ailerons.  1, fiche 39, Anglais, - anti%2Dicing%20air%20intake

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

plea discussions: term usually used in the plural in this context.  4, fiche 40, Anglais, - plea%20bargaining

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Plea bargaining. ... Crown counsel and defence counsel negotiate out of court, and reach an agreement. Without purporting rigidly to limit the area on which agreements may be made, we say that usually such agreements are: 1. That Crown counsel will, if the accused pleads guilty to a lesser charge, withdraw a major charge. ... 2. That Crown counsel, in return for a plea of guilty by the accused to a charge, will recommend to the Court the imposition of some lenient form of sentence, say probation. Or there may be a bargain which embraces both the above factors.  5, fiche 40, Anglais, - plea%20bargaining

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 3 OBS

People in the business like to call it plea negotiation.  6, fiche 40, Anglais, - plea%20bargaining

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 4 OBS

For reasons that will become evident in the course of this working paper,... we prefer to abandon the expression "plea bargaining"(which, to some, has an inherently negative connotation) in favour of more neutral terminology. In our view, the process with which we are concerned(though unquestionably flawed) may better be described as that of "plea negotiation", or the holding of "plea discussions". The object of that process is to reach a satisfactory agreement, not to give the accused a "bargain. "Accordingly, our recommendations eschew the expression "plea bargain" and replace it with "plea agreement". We define that expression(again, in neutral terms) as "any agreement by the accused to plead guilty in return for the prosecutor's agreeing to take or refrain from taking a particular course of action".  7, fiche 40, Anglais, - plea%20bargaining

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le marchandage de plaidoyers est une entente intervenue hors de cour entre d'une part un procureur de la Couronne, - qui cherche à régler la cause avec un minimum de temps et de frais, - et, d'autre part, l'accusé qui espère voir réduire le nombre ou la gravité des accusations portées ou obtenir le choix d'un procès sommaire ou une réduction de peine. Par une telle entente le procureur de la Couronne promet à l'accusé, en échange de son consentement à plaider coupable, de recommander au juge d'entériner cette promesse.  3, fiche 40, Français, - n%C3%A9gociation%20de%20plaidoyers

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les spécialistes préfèrent parler de négociation de plaidoyers.  1, fiche 40, Français, - n%C3%A9gociation%20de%20plaidoyers

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 OBS

plea bargaining (en italique) : Cette expression anglaise est consacrée par la pratique.  4, fiche 40, Français, - n%C3%A9gociation%20de%20plaidoyers

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Práctica judicial [...] mediante la cual la procuraduría puede optar por reducir los cargos que pesan sobre un inculpado, si éste denuncia a otros culpables.  2, fiche 40, Espagnol, - negociaci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20pena

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Impartiality is the cornerstone of the traditional doctrine of neutrality. It is the tightrope which the neutral chooses to walk; a fall to one side or the other is so devastating that the crippled neutral will not be able again to ascend the ladder to the lofty heights of detachment that neutrality requires. The Hague Conventions called for impartiality to be exercised by a neutral in regulating the use of its territory in any form. A neutral power had to apply total impartiality to the belligerents in regard to any conditions, restrictions, or prohibitions made by it in regard to the admission into its ports, territorial waters, and territory.  1, fiche 41, Anglais, - impartiality

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Terme employé pour désigner la conduite que tient un État neutre envers les États belligérants en les traitant d'une manière égale, sans accorder à l'un des avantages qu'il refuse à l'autre.  1, fiche 41, Français, - impartialit%C3%A9

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El principal derecho que asiste a los Estados neutrales es la inviolabilidad, y los principales deberes que se le imponen son la abstención e imparcialidad. A la inversa, el principal deber de los Estados beligerantes consiste en respetar los derechos de los neutrales, asistiéndoles el derecho de insistir en que estos cumplan con sus obligaciones.  1, fiche 41, Espagnol, - imparcialidad

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To make sure of finding a particular area again a buoy or other marker should be placed on it...  1, fiche 42, Anglais, - buoy

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une simple bouée disposée sur les objets ou sites découverts permettra de les repérer par la suite avec précision.  1, fiche 42, Français, - bou%C3%A9e

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cyclic steam stimulation. In order to soften the oil sand before pumping, for several weeks high-pressure steam is injected into the oil sand formation. Steam helps recover the resource in several ways. The heat softens the oil sand and the water vapour helps to break up the bitumen from the sand. The pressure created in the underground environment causes cracks to be formed that adds drive to move the bitumen to producing wells. After a portion of the reservoir has been satisfactorily saturated, the steam is turned off and the reservoir allowed to sit for several weeks. After it has been allowed to sit and soak up the steam and moisture, the production phase brings the bitumen to the surface. It either flows on its own, or is pumped up the well to the surface. When the rates of production start to decline, the reservoir is pumped with steam once again.  3, fiche 43, Anglais, - cyclic%20steam%20stimulation

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le procédé CSS [Cyclic Steam Stimulation] consiste à utiliser un même puits alternativement en injection de vapeur et extraction de bitume. La vapeur liquéfie le bitume et rend le pompage possible. Par rapport à l'extraction minière, on ne dérange qu'une toute petite surface au sol, et les nuisances générales (bruit par exemple) sont bien moindres. Cependant la consommation d'énergie pour produire la vapeur est énorme.  3, fiche 43, Français, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20CSS

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pit sawing operations have a long and vibrant history. Well before circular saws were used to saw logs lengthwise, they were processed by placing them over a "pit"-hence the reference to "pit saw. "The saw operates vertically up and down. Operated by two men, a man on top, known as the "Top Dog", guided the saw as it was pulled down in a cutting motion by the "Underdog". The "Top dog" recovered the saw and the "Underdog" then pulled it down in a cutting motion again. Needless to say the "Underdog" copped a fair bit of sawdust. The top of the saw has a fixed "tiller handle" so the topdog can guide it and cut a straight line. The lower part of the saw has a "block" which is easily detachable with a wedge. The block can be taken off to allow the saw to be threaded through the saw cut.  1, fiche 44, Anglais, - dog

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La scie de long [...] se compose d'un cadre de bois rectangulaire, formé de deux montants, deux bras, et de deux traverses, l'une haute, l'autre basse. [...] Chaque traverse porte une poignée; celle du haut, appelée chevrette, est dans le plan de la monture, alors que celle du bas, le renard, lui est perpendiculaire. La scie est maniée verticalement, par deux [...] hommes.  1, fiche 44, Français, - renard

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pit sawing operations have a long and vibrant history. Well before circular saws were used to saw logs lengthwise, they were processed by placing them over a "pit"-hence the reference to "pit saw. "The saw operates vertically up and down. Operated by two men, a man on top, known as the "Top Dog", guided the saw as it was pulled down in a cutting motion by the "Underdog". The "Top dog" recovered the saw and the "Underdog" then pulled it down in a cutting motion again. Needless to say the "Underdog" copped a fair bit of sawdust. The top of the saw has a fixed "tiller handle" so the topdog can guide it and cut a straight line. The lower part of the saw has a "block" which is easily detachable with a wedge. The block can be taken off to allow the saw to be threaded through the saw cut.  1, fiche 45, Anglais, - underdog

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le chevrier grimpait à pieds déchaux sur le tronc. Contre le froid, contre les échardes et pour conserver le plus d'adhérence, il avait enfilé des chaussettes à la semelle renforcée d'une toile de chanvre. Au sol, le renard lui faisait face, jambes écartées. Il était couvert d'un chapeau à larges bords ou tout simplement d'un vieux sac de toile, pour éviter de recevoir trop de sciure dans les yeux. La grande scie de long était formée d'un cadre en bois d'environ 1,50 m de long sur 1 m de large, munie d'une poignée aux deux transversales, et d'une lame fixée en son milieu, raidie par un tendeur ou des coins. Les dents de la lame étaient crochues, elles ne mordaient le bois qu'en descendant. C'était donc le renard qui sciait; le chevrier remontait la scie, en l'écartant légèrement de l'entaille et la guidait en fixant son regard sur le trait de scie. Il progressait en reculant. Le travail était équitablement réparti entre compagnons, chaque poste avait ses avantages et surtout ses inconvénients.  1, fiche 45, Français, - renard

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pit sawing operations have a long and vibrant history. Well before circular saws were used to saw logs lengthwise, they were processed by placing them over a "pit"-hence the reference to "pit saw. "The saw operates vertically up and down. Operated by two men, a man on top, known as the "Top Dog", guided the saw as it was pulled down in a cutting motion by the "Underdog". The "Top dog" recovered the saw and the "Underdog" then pulled it down in a cutting motion again. Needless to say the "Underdog" copped a fair bit of sawdust. The top of the saw has a fixed "tiller handle" so the topdog can guide it and cut a straight line. The lower part of the saw has a "block" which is easily detachable with a wedge. The block can be taken off to allow the saw to be threaded through the saw cut.  1, fiche 46, Anglais, - top%20dog

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le chevrier grimpait à pieds déchaux sur le tronc. Contre le froid, contre les échardes et pour conserver le plus d'adhérence, il avait enfilé des chaussettes à la semelle renforcée d'une toile de chanvre. Au sol, le renard lui faisait face, jambes écartées. Il était couvert d'un chapeau à larges bords ou tout simplement d'un vieux sac de toile, pour éviter de recevoir trop de sciure dans les yeux. La grande scie de long était formée d'un cadre en bois d'environ 1,50 m de long sur 1 m de large, munie d'une poignée aux deux transversales, et d'une lame fixée en son milieu, raidie par un tendeur ou des coins. Les dents de la lame étaient crochues, elles ne mordaient le bois qu'en descendant. C'était donc le renard qui sciait; le chevrier remontait la scie, en l'écartant légèrement de l'entaille et la guidait en fixant son regard sur le trait de scie. Il progressait en reculant. Le travail était équitablement réparti entre compagnons, chaque poste avait ses avantages et surtout ses inconvénients.  1, fiche 46, Français, - chevrier

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... we borrowed a method from research on speech perception in human infants called the habituation-dishabituation technique. This approach is based on the observation that subjects perceiving the same stimulus over and over again gradually cease responding to it : they habituate. If subjects who have habituated to one stimulus perceive another they judge to be different, however, the strength of their response increases sharply. The habituation-dishabituation technique thus reveals whether an individual finds two stimuli similar or dissimilar.  1, fiche 47, Anglais, - habituation%2Ddishabituation%20technique

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les techniques comportementales d'étude des compétences mentales du nourrisson et du très jeune enfant reposent pour la plupart sur des phénomènes d'habituation/déshabituation, préférence pour la nouveauté, préférence visuelle ou auditive, conditionnement opérant d'une réaction.  2, fiche 47, Français, - technique%20d%27habituation%2Dd%C3%A9shabituation

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Técnicas de habituación-deshabituación: Se basan en la tendencia de los bebés a reorientar su atención cuando perciben un cambio interesante en su entorno auditivo o visual.  2, fiche 47, Espagnol, - t%C3%A9cnica%20de%20habituaci%C3%B3n%2Ddeshabituaci%C3%B3n

Fiche 48,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Trial-and-error learning occurs when an animal striving toward an objective accidentally performs the appropriate behaviour. If the situation is repeated and the solution again found, it will gradually be incorporated into the animal' s behaviour as a direct response to the situation.  1, fiche 48, Anglais, - trial%2Dand%2Derror%20learning

Fiche 48,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Apprentissage : Modification adaptative du comportement au cours d'épreuves répétées. On distingue, chez les animaux, l'apprentissage par essais et erreurs, donnant une courbe de progrès soumise à d'assez fortes oscillations jusqu'à un pourcentage élevé de réactions correctes, et l'apprentissage intuitif [...] comportant une adaptation brusque par compréhension.  1, fiche 48, Français, - apprentissage%20par%20essais%20et%20erreurs

Fiche 48,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 49,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Basically, CP/M [Control Program for Microcomputers] is divided into four parts BIOS [basic input/output system], BDOS, CCP [console command processor] and TPA [transient program area]. BDOS stands for basic disk-operating system. As the words imply, BDOS deals directly with the disks themselves. It may be thought of as a directory or guide to what is stored on the disks, and where. BDOS is your computer's electronic file clerk, organizing the information given it so that once it has been filed away on the disks, the computer can find it again when it is needed.  1, fiche 49, Anglais, - basic%20disk%2Doperating%20system

Fiche 49,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On retrouve le plus souvent l'acronyme anglais «BDOS» dans les textes français pour désigner cette notion.  1, fiche 49, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20d%27exploitation%20de%20disque%20de%20base

Fiche 49,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 50,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A floating flame is an indication that there is a lack of secondary air to the flame. In severe cases, the flame will leave the burner and have the appearance of a floating cloud. Again, the intermediate products of combustion are apt to escape from place to place wherever sufficient air for combustion may be found. This flame is sometimes hard to detect because, as the door to the equipment is opened sufficient air will be admitted to allow the flame to rest on the burner properly. However, the obnoxious odor of aldehydes may still be detected. Another possible cause of this flame is an improperly operating vent system. If the products of combustion cannot escape, fresh air cannot reach the flame  1, fiche 50, Anglais, - floating%20flame

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 2 CONT

When a flame raises off the burner it is important to determine if it is a "lifting flame" or a "floating flame" :"Lifting Flames" rise from the ports to burn some distance above the ports. In some cases these flames will drop back to the port and lift again intermittently. They are caused by too much primary air. Decreasing the shutter opening will stop lifting flames. "Floating Flames" are long and lazy looking, poorly defined, quiet flames which roll around the combustion chamber sometimes completely off the ports. Floating flames result from too little secondary or "make up" air. Lack of secondary air can be caused by incorrect venting, clogged flueways, blocked secondary air inlet openings, or lack of natural room makeup air to the oven.  2, fiche 50, Anglais, - floating%20flame

Fiche 50,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 50,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 51,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Expect convective snow flurries this afternoon. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.]  1, fiche 51, Anglais, - convective%20snow%20flurry

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Convective snow flurries" are generally short periods of snowfall, but they can often be quite intense. They result from the convection that occurs as the day warms. It can be blue sky, then it can snow 10-20 cm in several hours, and then be blue sky again. The evening will be clear probably as the air cools and the clouds dissipate. [Reference : Grant Statham, Avalanche Specialist, Parks Canada].  2, fiche 51, Anglais, - convective%20snow%20flurry

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 2 OBS

convective snow flurry: term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.  2, fiche 51, Anglais, - convective%20snow%20flurry

Fiche 51,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Quand l'air est assez froid et qu'il est poussé suffisamment loin vers le sud, il se forme des averses de neige de convection au large de la côte atlantique, lesquelles peuvent atteindre l'île de Sable. Dans des conditions où ce type d'averses de neige se forment, il faut s'attendre à passablement de givrage et de turbulence dans les nuages.  3, fiche 51, Français, - averse%20de%20neige%20de%20convection

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 2 CONT

En après-midi, auront lieu des averses de neige de convection. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.]  2, fiche 51, Français, - averse%20de%20neige%20de%20convection

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

averse de neige de convection; averse de neige convective : termes uniformisés par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.  4, fiche 51, Français, - averse%20de%20neige%20de%20convection

Fiche 51,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 52,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The first world championship in our sport was organized in 1987 in France, and eight national shooting federations founded the "Union Internationale des Federations et Associations Nationales de Tir" on 7th July 1907 in Zurich, Switzerland... The French title of the "International Union of National Federations and Associations of Shooting" started to use the initials, UIT. This union was dissolved in 1915 during World War I but was reorganized in 1921 under the new name of "Union Internationale de Tir", also using the initials, UIT. After World War II had started, the activities of the Union were again suspended and then reorganized in 1947 under the new name, "International Shooting Union", using the title in the English language which from then on was decided to be the official working language of the organization. The initials of the International Shooting Union would have been ISU, but our organization had to continue using the letters of its French title, UIT, in order not to confuse it with the initials used in the international sport world by the International Skating Union... The change of the title "Union" to International Shooting Sport Federation(ISSF) in order to conform to almost all the other sporting organisations was officially approved at the General Assembly in Barcelona, Spain on 15th July 1998.  2, fiche 52, Anglais, - International%20Shooting%20Sport%20Federation

Fiche 52,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En 1907, l'Union Internationale de Tir est créée à Zurich. Le Français Daniel MERILLON, Président de l'Union des Sociétés de Tir est nommé Président de l'U.I.T. L'U.I.T. a pour but de créer un lien de confraternité entre les grandes fédérations de tir de toutes les nations du Monde, d'organiser les compétitions internationales et de développer la pratique du tir. [...] Depuis février 1994 la F.F. Tir, seule Fédération Française de Tir reconnue par l'I.S.S.F (Fédération Internationale de Tir Sportif, et U.I.T), a la charge de toutes les disciplines olympiques (y compris celles du Ball Trap devenues Plateau).  1, fiche 52, Français, - F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration%20Internationale%20de%20Tir%20Sportif

Fiche 52,  Justifications,  Espagnol