TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

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This implies that labor scarcity in the United States could be alleviated by our international specialization in labor-economizing products...  7, fiche 1, Anglais, - occupational%20shortage

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To generate false clicks, two commonly used approaches are click farms or click bots, where the former is generated by human viewers and the latter is generated by computer programs. Click Farm : A click farm consists of a large number of hired human labor who manually click on the advertisement. Although this type of click is genuinely produced by human viewers, they have very little, or no intention, to be converted to purchasing customers, and therefore their clicks are generated with malicious or fraudulent intent.  3, fiche 2, Anglais, - click%20farm

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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granja de clics: La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, indica que la expresión "granja de clics" es una alternativa válida en español para traducir el anglicismo "click farm".  1, fiche 2, Espagnol, - granja%20de%20clics

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Gracias a las granjas de clics, un usuario o empresa puede publicar un contenido y al final del día tener miles de calificaciones positivas.  1, fiche 2, Espagnol, - granja%20de%20clics

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Agriculture drones have a wide range of uses. For starters, they can be used in monitoring crop growth in real time. By taking aerial photographs... or videos... of large farm fields, farmers and agriculturists can identify potential problems with their crops before they become serious issues.... Drones in agriculture have also helped lower labor costs associated with traditional crop production practices by reducing the need for manual labor in areas such as scouting pest and disease infestations, detecting soil variations, measuring water content in the soil, or assessing fertilizer requirements. Additionally, some advanced models come equipped with sensors that measure light, temperature, pH levels in soil, and other essential parameters related to crop health.  5, fiche 3, Anglais, - agricultural%20drone

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

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Les drones agricoles sont de plus en plus populaires dans l'industrie agricole en raison de leur capacité à optimiser l'application de produits chimiques, à planter des semences et à surveiller les cultures.  1, fiche 3, Français, - drone%20agricole

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Courts of admiralty usually consider the following circumstances as the main ingredients in determining the amount of the award to be decreed for a salvage service :(1) the labor expended by the salvors in rendering the salvage service...  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - salvage%20service

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Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A cost-share weighted average of the individual input productivities.  5, fiche 5, Anglais, - multifactor%20productivity

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Total factor productivity captures all improvements in the economy's ability to produce beyond those that can be explained by changes in the basic factors of production, labor, and capital. It is our best measure of technological progress, organizational innovation, and gains in overall efficiency, but it is relatively crude and unsatisfying.  6, fiche 5, Anglais, - multifactor%20productivity

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

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Mesure de la croissance de la productivité qui prend en compte toutes les ressources utilisées dans l'activité de production.  7, fiche 5, Français, - productivit%C3%A9%20totale%20des%20facteurs

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La productivité du travail, quant à elle, peut être renforcée de plusieurs manières : en améliorant la qualité de la main-d'œuvre utilisée dans le processus de production, en augmentant l'utilisation du capital et en améliorant sa qualité ainsi qu'en augmentant l'efficience globale de l'utilisation de l'ensemble de ces facteurs de production, ce que les économistes appellent la productivité multifactorielle (PMF). La PMF reflète de nombreuses formes d'amélioration de l'efficience notamment la rationalisation des pratiques de gestion, la modification des modalités d'organisation et les innovations apportées à la production de biens et services.  8, fiche 5, Français, - productivit%C3%A9%20totale%20des%20facteurs

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Una tarea de los economistas es medir el grado en el que el crecimiento del producto se debe a factores tecnológicos, es decir, a la productividad, o a la formación o acumulación de capital [...]. El concepto de productividad total de factores (PTF) se utiliza para medir la efectividad conjunta de todos los insumos combinados en producir el producto y el efecto del cambio tecnológico neutral de Hicks [...]  4, fiche 5, Espagnol, - productividad%20multifactorial

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

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[The] assurance ... that an employee has about the continuity of gainful employment for his or her work life.  4, fiche 6, Anglais, - job%20security

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Job security usually arises from the terms of the contract of employment, collective bargaining agreement, or labor legislation that prevents arbitrary termination, layoffs, and lockouts. It may also be affected by general economic conditions.  4, fiche 6, Anglais, - job%20security

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job security provision  5, fiche 6, Anglais, - job%20security

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Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The mechanism of normal labor refers to the sequence of attitudes and positions that must be assumed by the baby as it passes through the birth canal.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - mechanism%20of%20normal%20labor

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

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[...] la contraction a pour effet de pousser le fœtus vers le bas et lui faire franchir les étages de la filière pelvienne. L'ensemble de cette progression porte le nom de phénomènes mécaniques de l'accouchement.  1, fiche 7, Français, - ph%C3%A9nom%C3%A8nes%20m%C3%A9caniques%20de%20l%27accouchement

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the fetal head could not be so shaped to fit through the tight squeeze of the birth canal, human mothers could not bring such brainy babies into the world.  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - birth%20canal

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The mechanism of labor refers to the sequence of attitudes and positions that must be assumed by the baby as it passes through the birth canal.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - birth%20canal

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

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La traversée de la filière génitale sous l'effet des contractions utérines, nécessite une adaptation des diamètres fœtaux aux dimensions du bassin et des parties molles maternelles.  5, fiche 8, Français, - fili%C3%A8re%20pelvi%2Dg%C3%A9nitale

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La filière pelvi-génitale que doit traverser le fœtus comprend le bassin osseux et le bassin mou.  6, fiche 8, Français, - fili%C3%A8re%20pelvi%2Dg%C3%A9nitale

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A system of prohibitive tariffs puts a society inefficiently inside the consumption-possibility frontier that would be available if the efficiencies of international exchange and division of labor were utilized.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - prohibitive%20tariff

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An ill-designed prohibitive tariff, far from helping the protected factor of production, will instead reduce its real wage by making imports expensive and by making the whole world less productive through eliminating the efficiency inherent in the best pattern of specialization and division of labor.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - prohibitive%20tariff

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Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method of recruiting workers which consists in making a widespread personal canvas for persons who have the required abilities.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - labor%20scouting

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Scouting may be done among persons already employed, in which case it may result in "labor pirating"; it also may be done among colleges, as in recruiting engineers, etc. ;or other schools.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - labor%20scouting

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode de recrutement ayant pour but de repérer les personnes présentant le profil professionnel requis.  2, fiche 10, Français, - d%C3%A9pistage%20de%20main%20d%27%26oelig%3Buvre

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Concerns with labor and environmental costs of end-of-season disposal [of synthetic mulches] have led to the development of woven fabric mulches that can be used for 8–12 years, and of biodegradable paper mulches designed to suppress weeds for one season and decompose after harvest.  3, fiche 11, Anglais, - biodegradable%20mulch%20film

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Depuis quelques années, on a vu apparaître sur le marché de nouveaux paillis biodégradables fabriqués principalement à base d’amidon de maïs. Il s’agit donc là d’une solution de remplacement des films de polyéthylènes conventionnels. Toutefois, ces films biodégradables sont produits à partir de ressources alimentaires, ce qui s’avère un choix discutable au niveau du développement durable. Un paillis fabriqué à partir de fibre de papier recyclé pourrait s’avérer une alternative aux paillis traditionnels fabriqués à base de polyéthylène ou à base d'amidon de maïs.  2, fiche 11, Français, - paillis%20biod%C3%A9gradable

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Un matériau est biodégradable s’il peut être utilisé par les micro-organismes comme nutriments. Le résultat de la biodégradation doit être de l’eau, du gaz carbonique et/ou méthane, avec éventuellement production d’une nouvelle biomasse non toxique pour l’environnement.  3, fiche 11, Français, - paillis%20biod%C3%A9gradable

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The employers who are subject to the Labor Act shall be liable to compensate the damages inflicted by their administrative personnel and/or laborers in the course of performing work or due to that unless it is established that all the precautions required under the circumstances of the case have been observed or even if the said precautions were made still it was not possible to prevent infliction of loss.  2, fiche 12, Anglais, - infliction%20of%20loss

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Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Suppose 2 hours of hunting yields 1 deer; or 4 hours yields 1 beaver. Then the price ratio between deer and beaver will be set by comparative labor time alone : the price of 1 beaver will equal 2 deer. Why 2 deer per beaver? Because the price ratio can be computed in necessary labor time as 4 hours(of sweaty works)/2 hours(of sweaty work).  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - price%20ratio

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Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

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... the "opportunity costs" of its owner's labor which could be employed elsewhere in producing or in leisure...  1, fiche 14, Anglais, - implicit%20wage

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Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

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If labor could be ignored, the distribution of incomes would tend to be that determined by the distribution of wealth at the same interest return; twice the wealth yields twice the income.  1, fiche 15, Anglais, - distribution%20of%20wealth

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Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The price of a factor of production (e.g. land, labor and capital).  2, fiche 16, Anglais, - factor%20price

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... just as wages and rent are the factor-prices of primary labor and land, the 4 or 6 or 10 per cent interest rate per annum can, in a more subtle way, be usefully regarded as the factor-price that rations and rewards society's scarce supply of various capital goods and investment projects.  3, fiche 16, Anglais, - factor%20price

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Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... where were scale matters much, the tendency for land fixity to force diminishing extra returns to labor could be thwarted for a long time by an increase in the total labor scale involved.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - land%20fixity

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Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The common-sense numerical analysis of the way in which a firm will combine inputs to minimize costs can be made more vivid by the use of diagrams. From the production schedule we can draw a picture of the different input combinations that will produce a given output. Figure 27-3 is the exact counterpart of Table 27-2, In it the smooth curve indicates the different combinations of labor and land that yield an output of 346. This could be called a "production-indifference" by analogy with the consumer's indifference curve(...)  1, fiche 18, Anglais, - consumer%27s%20indifference%20curve

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Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... where mere scale matters much, the tendency for land fixity to force diminishing extra returns to labor could be thwarted for a long time by an increase in the total labor scale involved.  1, fiche 19, Anglais, - diminishing%20extra%20returns%20to%20labor

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Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This Article is primarily about whether the parties to a collective bargaining agreement can voluntarily agree to alter the standard of judicial review that any such labor arbitration decision would normally be subjected to.  2, fiche 20, Anglais, - standard%20of%20judicial%20review

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Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Valuable additions made to property which amount to more than repairs, costing labor and capital, and are intended to enhance the value of the property. Improvements of land would include grading, sidewalks, sewers, streets, utilities, and the like. Improvements to land would include buildings, fences, room additions, new roof, and similar constructions. It could also be an alteration of the land's surface, such as an irrigation channel.(Reilly, 2nd ed., 1976, p. 236).  1, fiche 21, Anglais, - improvement

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

amélioration : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 21, Français, - am%C3%A9lioration

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Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio of the actual energy from a WECS [wind conversion energy system] for the period of time considered to the amount generated if it is operated at rated capacity.  2, fiche 22, Anglais, - capacity%20factor

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Capacity factor, sometimes called load factor is the amount of time an energy production source is able to produce electricity. A coal power station will have a capacity factor of 65 to 85% that is, it will be able to produce output for 65 to 85% of the time, it will be out of action the rest of the time due to maintenance, labor strikes, breakdowns etc. A typical Wind Turbine will have a capacity factor of 25 to 40% depending on the available wind resource.  3, fiche 22, Anglais, - capacity%20factor

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Français

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Rapport noté Fc de la puissance moyenne délivrée par [un] aérogénérateur, pendant une période donnée, à la puissance maximale atteinte au cours de cette période.  2, fiche 22, Français, - facteur%20de%20charge

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Sur l'année, les machines fonctionnent à l'équivalent de 15 à 60 % de leur capacité maximale (facteur de charge), selon le potentiel éolien du site d'implantation.  2, fiche 22, Français, - facteur%20de%20charge

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

agricultural lease : Agricultural landowners often lease their land to tenant farmers, who provide the labor to produce and bring in the crop. An owner can be paid by a tenant in one of two ways : an agreed cash in advance rental amount(cash rents) or as a percentage of the profits from the sale of the crop when it is sold(sharecropping).  2, fiche 23, Anglais, - agricultural%20lease

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Leases of farm lands. (Ballentine, p. 54)  3, fiche 23, Anglais, - agricultural%20lease

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

location à bail agricole; bail agricole : Solution valable aussi pour le sens métonymique.  1, fiche 23, Français, - location%20%C3%A0%20bail%20agricole

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

location à bail agricole; bail agricole : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 23, Français, - location%20%C3%A0%20bail%20agricole

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Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Contractors’ bonds. Bonds of two types :(1) a performance bond which guarantees that the contractor will perform the contract and if he defaults and fails to complete the contract, the surety will complete the work or pay damages up to the limit of the bond;(2) a labor and materials payment bond which guarantees the owner that all bills for labor and materials contracted for and used by the contractor will be paid by the surety if the contractor defaults.  3, fiche 24, Anglais, - contractor%27s%20bond

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Français

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cautionnement d'entrepreneur : terme générique qui englobe la garantie (ou cautionnement) de bonne exécution et le cautionnement de paiement.  2, fiche 24, Français, - cautionnement%20d%27entrepreneur

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Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Anglais

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After outlining the concepts of the social division of labor and social solidarity, Durkheim turned his attention to the question of how social cohesion and social solidarity manifest themselves in different societies. This cohesion, he thought, can be expressed in two very broad and distinct ways, and the terms he used to designate these two broad systems of social solidarity are "mechanical" and "organic. "  1, fiche 25, Anglais, - social%20solidarity

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Français

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Durkheim défend pour thèse l’influence de la division croissante du travail dans nossociétés sur une nouvelle forme de solidarité sociale, la «solidarité organique», qui lie les individus par les services mutuels et complémentaires que leur apportent leurs différences professionnelles, cette nouvelle solidarité devant remplacer l’ancienne forme de solidarité par ressemblance et identification, dite «solidarité mécanique».  1, fiche 25, Français, - solidarit%C3%A9%20sociale

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Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A nuisance that can be corrected by a reasonable expenditure of money or labor.  2, fiche 26, Anglais, - temporary%20nuisance

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nuisance temporaire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 26, Français, - nuisance%20temporaire

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The fact that a firm of any size must have a wage policy is additional evidence of labor market imperfections. In a perfectly competitive market, a firm need not make decisions on its pay schedules; instead it would turn to the morning newspaper to learn what its wage policy would have to be.  4, fiche 27, Anglais, - compensation%20policy

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Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A clause in a contract that states that price adjustments will be made in the event changes occur in major cost components of the contract such as fuel, labor, equipment and materials.  4, fiche 28, Anglais, - price%20escalation%20clause

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Clause d'un contrat qui indique qu'un prix ou une autre valeur ou quantité pourra être augmenté dans le cas où certaines conditions se réaliseraient.  2, fiche 28, Français, - clause%20de%20r%C3%A9vision%20des%20prix

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Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Labour which is required or compelled by government. In totalitarian countries, political or other prisoners may be placed in labor camps and forced to perform services required by the government.  1, fiche 29, Anglais, - forced%20labor

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forced labour: ... all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily (Convention concerning Forced or Compulsory Labour). Excluded from this definition is compulsory military service; normal civil obligations, penalties imposed by a court, action taken in an emergency, and minor communal services.  3, fiche 29, Anglais, - forced%20labor

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forced labour: Expression and context reproduced from the Glosario Provisional de Términos Jurídicos with the permission of the United Nations Office at Geneva.  4, fiche 29, Anglais, - forced%20labor

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L'O.I.T. dont le but est d'améliorer les normes de travail, dispose de la convention du 25 juin 1957 sur le travail forcé.  2, fiche 29, Français, - travail%20forc%C3%A9

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Convention concernant l'abolition du travail forcé, 1959.  3, fiche 29, Français, - travail%20forc%C3%A9

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 PHR

interdiction du travail forcé.  4, fiche 29, Français, - travail%20forc%C3%A9

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Todo trabajo o servicio exigido a un individuo bajo la amenaza de una pena cualquiera y para el cual dicho individuo no se ofrece voluntariamente, pero no comprende "cualquier trabajo o servicio que se exija a un individuo en virtud de una condena pronunciada por sentencia judicial".  2, fiche 29, Espagnol, - trabajo%20forzoso

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

trabajo forzoso : No es, pues, una expresión de Derecho Penal, a diferencia de "trabajos forzados" (hard labour).  2, fiche 29, Espagnol, - trabajo%20forzoso

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[La definición proviene del] artículo 2 del Convenio (N° 29) relativo al trabajo forzoso u obligatorio adoptado el 28 de junio de 1930 por la Conferencia General de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo.  2, fiche 29, Espagnol, - trabajo%20forzoso

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 3 OBS

trabajo forzoso: Expresión, definición y observaciones reproducidas del Glosario Provisional de Términos Jurídicos con la autorización de la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra.  3, fiche 29, Espagnol, - trabajo%20forzoso

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Agreed upon arrangement whereby the employer gives preference in hiring to union members, to applicants with previous training and experience in the industry, to workers displaced from another plant or from another part of a particular plant or by the National Labor Relations Board to employees found to be discharged on a discriminatory basis.  2, fiche 30, Anglais, - preferential%20hiring

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Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Entente par laquelle l'employeur, au moment de procéder à l'embauchage, donne préséance à certains facteurs, comme l'allégeance syndicale, l'expérience, la qualification professionnelle ou le réemploi du salarié.  1, fiche 30, Français, - embauche%20pr%C3%A9f%C3%A9rentielle

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Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Anglais

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In agricultural projects, the labor of the farmer and members of the family resident on the farm. Family members may work somewhere other than the farm, in which case the income they earn may be off-farm income.  1, fiche 31, Anglais, - family%20labor

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Compare with hired labor.  1, fiche 31, Anglais, - family%20labor

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Il s'agit du travail réalisé par les membres d'une famille.  2, fiche 31, Français, - main%2Dd%27%26oelig%3Buvre%20familiale

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

En los proyectos agrícolas es la mano de obra del agricultor y de los miembros de la familia residentes en la finca. Dichos miembros pueden trabajar en algún otro lugar distinto del de la finca, en cuyo caso el ingreso que perciben puede ser el ingreso fuera de la finca.  2, fiche 31, Espagnol, - mano%20de%20obra%20familiar

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Compárese con la mano de obra asalariada.  2, fiche 31, Espagnol, - mano%20de%20obra%20familiar

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When a fish species grown in commercial fish farms is also present in the natural environment, there is an obvious danger of poaching... A solution to the problem is to find a specific marker that can load to a quick and easy discrimination between legal farm-raised fish and illegal wild fish. For the purpose of marketing, the chosen marker should be non toxic, inexpensive to use and easily analysed with reliable results. Nutritional marking appears to fulfill at least the first two conditions. There are several advantages in using nutritional markers for fish...(1) the fish are not stressed by unnecessary handling;(2) once the special marking feed is prepared, there is no additional labor or other cost involved in this technique...  1, fiche 32, Anglais, - nutritional%20marking

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique de marquage qui consiste à incorporer dans la diète des poissons, une substance qui sera absorbée par les divers tissus et qui sera facilement détectée.  2, fiche 32, Français, - marquage%20nutritionnel

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le marquage nutritionnel des ombles de fontaine présente des avantages indéniables sur les autres formes de marquage, car les poissons ne sont pas stressés ou blessés par des manipulations; une fois l'aliment préparé, il n'y a pas de travail ou de coûts supplémentaires, le marquage des poissons se fait en même temps que la pigmentation des chairs.  1, fiche 32, Français, - marquage%20nutritionnel

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In a product layout, resources are arranged sequentially, based on the routing of the products. In theory, this sequential layout allows the entire process to be laid out in a straight line, which at times may be totally dedicated to the production of only one product or product version. The flow of the line can then be subdivided so that labor and equipment are utilized smoothly throughout the operation.  4, fiche 33, Anglais, - product%20layout

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] aménagement d'un atelier où les postes de travail sont placés à la suite les uns des autres, suivant la séquence des opérations de fabrication d'un produit donné.  2, fiche 33, Français, - am%C3%A9nagement%20lin%C3%A9aire

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any project or undertaking to combat pollution or improve the quality of the environment.  1, fiche 34, Anglais, - eco%2Dactivity

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are numerous eco-activities that can be performed by individuals or local school and community groups... : old car tires are used in an experiment to stop soil erosion along Minnesota's Rum River. Local students furnished the labor and later planted trees inside the tires.  1, fiche 34, Anglais, - eco%2Dactivity

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Eco- is a prefix meaning: of the ecology, esp. relating to pollution.  3, fiche 34, Anglais, - eco%2Dactivity

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

S'il s'agit de mouvements idéologiques plutôt que de projets concrets, on utilisera le terme éco-activisme (voir cette fiche).  3, fiche 34, Français, - projet%20%C3%A9cologique

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The application of the frames of reference, variables, and explanatory models of sociology to that complex of activities which is concerned with the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of scarce goods and services.  3, fiche 35, Anglais, - economic%20sociology

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Topics such as technological change, division of labor, and even leisure can be considered as aspects of the sociology of economics. The study of economic development is an important sub-speciality in this area.  2, fiche 35, Anglais, - economic%20sociology

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Economic sociology ... should have its own distinct profile as well as cooperate and coexist with economic theory, economic history, and economic anthropology.  3, fiche 35, Anglais, - economic%20sociology

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The term "economic sociology" has also been used to denote a national choice perspective as applied to social behavior in general ... This usage is ... too broad since it encompasses practically all of sociology (minus the analysis of the economy proper).  3, fiche 35, Anglais, - economic%20sociology

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 OBS

economic sociology: A term for all social science analysis of the economy - economic theory plus economic history, ...  3, fiche 35, Anglais, - economic%20sociology

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 3 OBS

The terms "economic sociology" and "sociology of economics" are used by economic sociologists while social economics use instead the term "social economics."  4, fiche 35, Anglais, - economic%20sociology

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Étude des systèmes et des fluctuations économiques, de la production, du travail, de la consommation.  2, fiche 35, Français, - sociologie%20%C3%A9conomique

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la sociologie économique offre une approche alternative à l'économique, en prenant en compte quatre dimensions clés : les interactions sociales, les organisations, les institutions et les mouvements sociaux.  3, fiche 35, Français, - sociologie%20%C3%A9conomique

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

«Sociologie économique» est le terme utilisé par les sociologues économistes tandis que les économistes sociaux utilisent le terme «économie sociale».  4, fiche 35, Français, - sociologie%20%C3%A9conomique

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Aplicación de los marcos de referencia, variables y modelos explicativos de la sociología al conjunto de actividades relacionadas con la producción, distribución, intercambio y consumo de bienes y servicios escasos.  1, fiche 35, Espagnol, - sociolog%C3%ADa%20econ%C3%B3mica

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Simply stated, the theorem says that when the prices of the output goods are equalized between countries as they move to free trade, then the prices of the factors(capital and labor) will also be equalized between countries.  2, fiche 36, Anglais, - factor%2Dprice%20equalization%20theorem

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The factor-price equalization theorem holds that international trade will bring about equalization in the relative and absolute returns to homogeneous factors of production across countries.  3, fiche 36, Anglais, - factor%2Dprice%20equalization%20theorem

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Selon le théorème de l'égalisation des prix des facteurs de production, le commerce international permettra d'égaliser les rendements relatifs et absolus de facteurs de production homogènes entre les pays.  3, fiche 36, Français, - th%C3%A9or%C3%A8me%20de%20l%27%C3%A9galisation%20des%20prix%20des%20facteurs

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The patient should be transferred from the labor room to the delivery room... the vulva, inner thigh, and abdomen... should be thoroughly scrubbed with soap and water and rinsed. An antiseptic solution may be applied.  1, fiche 37, Anglais, - labor%20room

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A l'arrivée à la salle de travail la femme est [...] lavementée [...] la région vulvo-périnéale est désinfectée, puis protégée d'une garniture stérile.  1, fiche 37, Français, - salle%20de%20travail

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... as a rule a patient is considered to be in labor when contractions of a good quality have occurred at regular intervals of 6 minutes or less for at least 1 hour. The probability of labor is strengthened if... the dilatation begins or if the membranes rupture.  1, fiche 38, Anglais, - be%20in%20labor

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] si la femme est en travail [...] le diagnostic est évident : fortes contractions, large dilatation, rupture des membranes.  1, fiche 38, Français, - %C3%AAtre%20en%20travail

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An establishment in which eligibility for employment and retention on the payroll are not determined by membership or non membership in a labor union though there may be an agreement by which a union is recognized as sole bargaining agent.  3, fiche 39, Anglais, - open%20shop

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The term "open shop", as is the case for "closed shop" or "modified closed shop" (g.v.), may also, by extension, mean a type of union-security arrangement, as well as the shop or establishment in which this arrangement is the rule.  4, fiche 39, Anglais, - open%20shop

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Régime d'une organisation où l'adhésion des travailleurs au syndicat est facultative soit au moment de l'engagement, soit pour le maintien de l'emploi.  3, fiche 39, Français, - atelier%20ouvert

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «atelier ouvert», de même que le terme «atelier fermé» ou les termes dérivés (g.v.), peut, par extension, désigner un type de régime de sécurité syndicale, aussi bien que l'atelier ou l'entreprise où ce régime est en vigueur.  4, fiche 39, Français, - atelier%20ouvert

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A work stoppage caused or prolonged, in whole or in part, by actions of the employer which are held to be unfair labor practices under federal, state, or local labor laws.  2, fiche 40, Anglais, - unfair%20labour%20practice%20strike

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Grève déclarée contre une employeur qui, en violation de la loi, tente de briser un syndicat, use de discrimination à l'égard de certains salariés ou les traite injustement de quelque autre façon.  1, fiche 40, Français, - gr%C3%A8ve%20contre%20une%20pratique%20d%C3%A9loyale

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Contracting for exclusion from employment because of affiliation or nonaffiliation with labor union.--It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, corporation or association of any kind to enter into any contract, combination or agreement, written or oral, providing for exclusion from employment of any person because of membership in, affiliation with, resignation from, or refusal to join or affiliate with any labor union or employee organization of any kind.  1, fiche 41, Anglais, - exclusion%20from%20employment

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

C'est ainsi qu'une exclusion du circuit de l'emploi apparaît aux individus comme [...] beaucoup plus qu'un signe de la puissance arbitraire du patronat [...] (Ph. Lucas, «Les multi-citoyennetés», Cahiers internationaux de sociologie, vol. LXXiX, 1985, p. 243)  1, fiche 41, Français, - exclusion%20du%20circuit%20de%20l%27emploi

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Irrigation ditch laid out approximately on the contour.  2, fiche 42, Anglais, - contour%20ditch

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Contour Ditch. This method [of irrigation] consists of free flooding from ditches running approximately on a contour and spaced 75 to 300 feet apart. As labor is high and efficiency low for this method, it should be used only until land grading can be completed for a more efficient method.  3, fiche 42, Anglais, - contour%20ditch

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Contour. A line of constant elevation.  2, fiche 42, Anglais, - contour%20ditch

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Irrigation par rigoles de niveau. Cette méthode consiste à inonder abondamment le sol à partir de fossés disposés à peu près selon la courbe de niveau et espacés de 75 à 300 pi (23 à 90 m) l'un de l'autre.  2, fiche 42, Français, - rigole%20de%20niveau

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'irrigation par rigoles de niveau ou par rases : les rigoles de niveau s'utilisent en régions de montagnes sur des terrains à forte pente (jusqu'à 25 %) ou accidentés. Les rases constituent une variante pour les terrains à faible pente. On doit donner de la pente aux rigoles qui ne sont plus parallèles mais légèrement obliques par rapport aux courbes de niveau.  3, fiche 42, Français, - rigole%20de%20niveau

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A theory that commodities are sold in ratios determined by the amount of labour expended on producing them.  2, fiche 43, Anglais, - labor%20theory%20of%20value

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the labor theory of value will lead to incorrect and inefficient use of both labor and nonlabor resources in even the most perfect socialist society.  3, fiche 43, Anglais, - labor%20theory%20of%20value

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The simple labor theory of value... said that the price ratios of goods can be predicted from labor costs alone independently of the utilities which bring out a demand for the goods...  3, fiche 43, Anglais, - labor%20theory%20of%20value

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The natural rate of growth of a simplified Harrod system is the percentage growth per year of his labor supply expressed in "efficiency units"... as a condition of balanced growth, output and capital must also be growing at this same natural rate per year.  2, fiche 44, Anglais, - natural%20rate%20of%20growth

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Harrod-Domar concept of the "natural rate of growth" g is determined by population growth and technical change.  2, fiche 44, Anglais, - natural%20rate%20of%20growth

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A defective pipe to be rehabilitated by any of the trenchless pipeline rehabilitation methods.  2, fiche 45, Anglais, - carrier%20pipe

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the Clock Spring [TM] pipeline reinforcement system redefines the economics of pipeline repair... Installing Clock Spring is simple. Each kit contains everything needed to make permanent pipeline repairs. No machinery or highly skilled personnel are required. A two-man crew can be trained in just a few hours to install the Clock Spring system... Clock Spring is much less expensive to install and fits more closely to the carrier pipe than conventional steel sleeves. Compared to cut-outs or actual pipe replacement, Clock Spring is usually substantially cheaper. Because it installs so quickly, time, equipment and labor costs are vastly reduced, and throughput is never interrupted.  3, fiche 45, Anglais, - carrier%20pipe

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conduite servant de réceptacle à l'installation d'une nouvelle conduite selon les différents procédés de réhabilitation.  2, fiche 45, Français, - conduite%20d%27accueil

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les techniques de réhabilitation par chemisage se divisent en deux familles, soit les gaines inversées et les gaines insérées par tirage. La gaine inversée est un procédé qui améliore les capacités hydrauliques et structurales d'une conduite souterraine tout en corrigeant les anomalies présentes (infiltrations, fissures, etc.). La gaine insérée par tirage est un procédé visant à obtenir une meilleure capacité structurale de la conduite d'accueil[...] Le tubage permet la rénovation et le renforcement d'une conduite par l'insertion d'un autre tuyau à l'intérieur de la conduite existante (conduite d'accueil).  3, fiche 45, Français, - conduite%20d%27accueil

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Competitive bidding advertised locally and in accordance with local procedures. Used where foreign competition is unlikely to be attracted.  3, fiche 46, Anglais, - local%20competitive%20bidding

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Local Competitive Bidding-LCB is one of several forms of procurement made with World Bank financing. LCB is generally used for contracts involving :(a) labor intensive activities;(b) small value;(c) locally procurable services or goods priced below the world market;(d) intermittant work; or(e) activities to be performed at numerous sites.  2, fiche 46, Anglais, - local%20competitive%20bidding

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les marchés de fournitures et travaux : contrat direct ou appel d'offres local en-dessous des seuils (137.000 euros pour les fournitures, 5 Mios d'euros pour les travaux); appel d'offres ouvert international au-delà. Remarque : les programmes financés sous des lignes budgétaires distinctes du budget ALA font l'objet de règlements et de seuils spécifiques. Les projets faisant l'objet d'appels d'offres sont publiés au Journal officiel des Communautés européennes (JOCE, série S) et sur Internet, ainsi que dans la presse locale.  4, fiche 46, Français, - appel%20d%27offres%20local

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le service financier de la délégation réceptionne les commandes et procède aux vérifications d'usage. Il doit, en particulier, apprécier la nécessité ou non de passer des marchés publics par recours à un appel d'offres local ou un fournisseur déjà titulaire d'un marché national de prestations de même nature; le cas échéant, des marchés sont élaborés.  5, fiche 46, Français, - appel%20d%27offres%20local

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Engineered standards are should-take times. Coupled with an accurate labor distribution and reporting system, engineered standards will tell what is actually happening much more clearly; your scheduling will be much more accurate and consistent; and your plans will be much more credible. The best system available today integrates accuracy and speed of application. It is called Universal Maintenance Standards and has over forty years of application experience in all types and sizes of maintenance departments and industries as well as government, healthcare, education and commercial applications. Rather than individual, precise times, the system is based on ranges of time and work content comparison.  1, fiche 47, Anglais, - work%20content

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 48,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A specially designed lifting device having usually two horizontally projecting arms which can be slipped under a load for raising and transporting, eliminating the manual labor. It may be attached to a tractor or specially designed truck and is usually hydraulically operated.  5, fiche 48, Anglais, - fork%20lift

Fiche 48,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Appareil dérivé des chariots à fourche de l'industrie, que l'on monte parfois à l'avant d'un tracteur, mais le plus souvent à l'arrière sur l'attelage trois points.  1, fiche 48, Français, - l%C3%A8ve%2Dpalette

Fiche 48,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Máquina que se usa para mover mercadería colocadas en paletas o en largueros.  1, fiche 48, Espagnol, - montacargas%20de%20horquilla

Fiche 49,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The maneuver of gently pushing away the fetal membranes from their attachment to the cervix during cervicovaginal examination of a pregnant woman at or near term.  2, fiche 49, Anglais, - stripping%20the%20membranes

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This maneuver is believed by some to be occasionally a means of inducing labor.  2, fiche 49, Anglais, - stripping%20the%20membranes

Fiche 49,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Évaluation d'autres techniques obstétricales comme l'amnio-infusion, la rupture artificielle des membranes, le décollement des membranes,l'utilisation des oxytociques.  2, fiche 49, Français, - d%C3%A9collement%20des%20membranes

Fiche 49,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 50,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Plan to which two or more unrelated entities contribute, usually pursuant to one or more collective bargaining agreements.  1, fiche 50, Anglais, - multiemployer%20benefit%20plan

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A multiemployer plan is usually administered by a board of trustees composed of management and labor representatives and may be referred to as a "joint trust" or "union plan".  1, fiche 50, Anglais, - multiemployer%20benefit%20plan

Fiche 50,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Régime auquel cotisent plusieurs entités non apparentées, habituellement en vertu d'une ou de plusieurs conventions collectives.  1, fiche 50, Français, - r%C3%A9gime%20d%27avantages%20sociaux%20interentreprises

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Un régime interentreprises est habituellement géré par un conseil d'administration composé de représentants de la direction et des salariés; le régime peut également être qualifié de «fiducie mixte» ou de «régime syndical».  1, fiche 50, Français, - r%C3%A9gime%20d%27avantages%20sociaux%20interentreprises

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Source(s) : Exposé-sondage de l'ICCA [Institut canadien des comptables agréés], Avantages sociaux futurs, juin 1997.  1, fiche 50, Français, - r%C3%A9gime%20d%27avantages%20sociaux%20interentreprises

Fiche 50,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 51,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A password that should be changed more or less frequently on the basis of labor turnover, data sensitivity, and the general attitude of employees toward security measures.  2, fiche 51, Anglais, - fixed%2Dperiod%20password

Fiche 51,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mot de passe susceptible d'être changé périodiquement en fonction de la rotation du personnel, de la sensibilité des données et de l'attitude générale des employés envers les mesures de sécurité.  2, fiche 51, Français, - mot%20de%20passe%20%C3%A0%20dur%C3%A9e%20d%C3%A9termin%C3%A9e

Fiche 51,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 52,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Some used cars may still be covered by the manufacturer's original warranty, an extended service contract, or by a dealer's used-car warranty. Any used-car warranty should cover 100 percent of the cost of parts and labor.  1, fiche 52, Anglais, - dealer%27s%20used%2Dcar%20warranty

Fiche 52,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Certaines autos d'occasion sont encore couvertes par la garantie du constructeur, par un contrat de service ou par la garantie d'un vendeur d'autos d'occasion.  1, fiche 52, Français, - garantie%20du%20vendeur%20d%27autos%20d%27occasion

Fiche 52,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 53,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Some used cars may still be covered by the manufacturer's original warranty, an extended service contract, or by a dealer's used-car warranty. Any used-car warranty should cover 100 percent of the cost of parts and labor.  1, fiche 53, Anglais, - manufacturer%27s%20original%20warranty

Fiche 53,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Certaines autos d'occasion sont encore couvertes par la garantie du constructeur, par un contrat de service ou par la garantie d'un vendeur d'autos d'occasion.  1, fiche 53, Français, - garantie%20du%20constructeur

Fiche 53,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 54,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 OBS

For management of preterm labor in suitable patients with more than 20 weeks of gestation who have intact amniotic membranes, cervical dilatation up to 4 cm, and less than 80% cervical effacement. In cases involving ruptured amniotic membranes or more advanced labor, inhibition of labor is less likely and the benefits of treatment must be carefully weighed against the potential risks; contraindications, warnings and precautions must be closely observed.  2, fiche 54, Anglais, - labor%20inhibitor