TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... many plants have evolved leaves laced with secondary plant compounds, among which substances are cardiac toxins, hallucinogens, antifertility drugs and growth inhibitors. Such chemicals have no effect on the plants, but they can be deadly poisonous to any animal [who eats] them.  4, fiche 1, Anglais, - chemical

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

chemical; chem: term and abbreviation officially approved by the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Forces.  5, fiche 1, Anglais, - chemical

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

produit chimique : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de terminologie du génie et par le Comité de terminologie française du Conseil de doctrine et de tactique de l'Armée de terre.  3, fiche 1, Français, - produit%20chimique

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

produit chimique; prod chim : terme et forme abrégée uniformisés par le ministère de la Défense nationale et les Forces canadiennes.  4, fiche 1, Français, - produit%20chimique

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Introducing rams to a group of ewes that have been kept apart from the rams for a period of time results in the induction of heat about one estrous cycle interval later. This "ram effect" has been used to induce synchronized breeding activity in sheep flocks during the non-seasonal periods. The ram effect is also used to advance the breeding season. As no physical or visual contact between rams and ewes is needed, this effect has been suggested to be mediated by pheromones.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - ram%20effect

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'introduction d'un bélier dans un troupeau de brebis en anœstrus léger permet de déclencher l'apparition des chaleurs et de l'ovulation entre 18 et 25 jours suivant l'introduction du bélier, pourvu que les femelles aient été isolées totalement des mâles depuis au moins un mois. C'est ce qu'on appelle l'effet bélier.  2, fiche 2, Français, - effet%20b%C3%A9lier

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El efecto macho se refiere al estímulo que ejercen los carneros sobre las ovejas en anestro poco profundo, o en aquellas próximas al inicio de la estación de apareamiento.  1, fiche 2, Espagnol, - efecto%20macho

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The purpose of [the Canadian Employment Equity Act] is to achieve equality in the workplace so that no person shall be denied employment opportunities or benefits for reasons unrelated to ability and, in the fulfilment of that goal, to correct the conditions of disadvantage in employment experienced by women, Aboriginal peoples, persons with disabilities and members of visible minorities by giving effect to the principle that employment equity means more than treating persons in the same way but also requires special measures and the accommodation of differences.  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - accommodation%20of%20differences

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La [loi canadienne sur l'équité en matière d'emploi] a pour objet de réaliser l'égalité en milieu de travail de façon que nul ne se voie refuser d'avantages ou de chances en matière d'emploi pour des motifs étrangers à sa compétence et, à cette fin, de corriger les désavantages subis, dans le domaine de l'emploi, par les femmes, les autochtones, les personnes handicapées et les personnes qui font partie des minorités visibles, conformément au principe selon lequel l'équité en matière d'emploi requiert, outre un traitement identique des personnes, des mesures spéciales et des aménagements adaptés aux différences.  2, fiche 3, Français, - am%C3%A9nagements%20adapt%C3%A9s%20aux%20diff%C3%A9rences

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Attribution of stock depletion to environmental factors should not be taken as an indication that fishing mortality has little or no effect without evidence that is the case. An approach for proposed rebuilding strategies may be to evaluate the robustness of management measures in the face of uncertain and possibly multiple hypotheses regarding the interaction of biological and environmental conditions and the effects of fishing.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - stock%20depletion

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In evaluating the safety of food residues, the most appropriate NOAEL [no observed adverse effect level] is divided by a safety factor, usually of 100. This number may be lower or higher, depending on a number of factors considered in the hazard assessment, such as the type of effect observed. The resulting figure provides the acceptable daily intake-the amount of the pesticide that toxicologists consider safe for humans to consume each day for an entire lifetime.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - safety%20factor

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour l'évaluation de l'innocuité des résidus dans les aliments, on divise la DSENO [dose sans effet nocif observé] la plus appropriée par un facteur de sécurité, habituellement 100. Ce facteur peut être plus faible ou plus élevé, selon certains des éléments considérés dans l'évaluation des dangers comme, par exemple, le type d'effet observé. Le résultat est la dose journalière admissible, c'est-à-dire la quantité de produit que les toxicologues estiment sans danger pour l'être humain même si elle est consommée quotidiennement pendant toute la vie.  2, fiche 5, Français, - facteur%20de%20s%C3%A9curit%C3%A9

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A [weave] producing a small, irregular, pebbled surface similar in appearance to crepe fabrics.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - granite%20weave

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fabric made with a granite weave generally is interlaced tightly, and both warp and filling appear on the face.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - granite%20weave

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[This weave] may be based on a satin, twill, or other regular plan arranged to produce the desired effect, but no twill line is shown.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - granite%20weave

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Combinaison de motifs, effet chaîne ou effet trame sur un fond de [toile, de satin] ou de petit sergé [...] disposés de manière la plus aléatoire possible et générant un relief granuleux.  1, fiche 6, Français, - armure%20%C3%A0%20aspect%20granit%C3%A9

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The dose-response point that marks the starting point for low-dose extrapolation.  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - point%20of%20departure

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The POD may be a NOAEL [no observed adverse effect level]/LOAEL [lowest observed adverse effect level], but ideally is established from BMD [benchmark dose] modeling of the experimental data, and generally corresponds to a selected estimated low-level of response(e. g., 1 to 10% incidence for a quantal effect).  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - point%20of%20departure

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le point de départ est généralement le LOAEL [dose minimale avec effet nocif observé] ou le NOAEL [dose sans effet nocif observé] mais pour les études les plus récentes l'utilisation de la BMD [dose repère] est préférée.  2, fiche 7, Français, - point%20de%20d%C3%A9part

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Device in which the foam compound is added to the water and which can be fitted at any point in the delivery hose.  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - in%2Dline%20foam%20concentrate%20inducer

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Equipment designed to induce foam concentrate into a water stream, usually positioned between the pump and the branch pipe. [Definition standardized by ISO.]  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - in%2Dline%20foam%20concentrate%20inducer

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

in-line inductor: This type of proportioner educts or drafts foam concentrate from a container or tank by venturi action, utilizing the operating pressure of the hose water stream on which it is installed, injecting concentrate into that flow of water.  4, fiche 8, Anglais, - in%2Dline%20foam%20concentrate%20inducer

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

There are three different types of foam proportioners commonly used in the fire service : line eductors, balanced pressure proportioners, and around-the-pump proportioners. The line eductor is the simplest and least expensive proportioning device. It has no moving parts in the water way, which makes it durable and dependable. The line eductor may be attached to the hoseline or may be part of the nozzle. There are two different types of line eductors : the in-line eductor and the self-educting nozzle. Both types of eductors use the venturi principle to draft foam concentrate into the water stream. As water at high pressure passes over a reduced opening, it creates a low-pressure area near the outlet side of the eductor. This low-pressure area creates a suction effect. The eductor pickup tube is connected to the eductor at this low-pressure point. The pickup tube submerged in the foam concentrate draws concentrate into the water stream, creating a foam water solution.  6, fiche 8, Anglais, - in%2Dline%20foam%20concentrate%20inducer

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

foam inductor: A piece of equipment that introduces the proper quantity of foaming agent into a water stream.  7, fiche 8, Anglais, - in%2Dline%20foam%20concentrate%20inducer

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

in-line: Referring to a device or fitting inserted in series with (or parallel to the flow in) a hose line.  7, fiche 8, Anglais, - in%2Dline%20foam%20concentrate%20inducer

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 3 OBS

in-line foam concentrate inducer: term standardized by ISO.  8, fiche 8, Anglais, - in%2Dline%20foam%20concentrate%20inducer

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Appareil intercalé dans l'établissement des tuyaux de refoulement, dans lequel s'opère le mélange du produit émulsifiant et de l'eau d'extinction.  2, fiche 8, Français, - injecteur%20d%27%C3%A9mulseur%20en%20ligne

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Équipement conçu pour injecter l'émulseur dans l'eau, généralement placé entre la pompe et l'applicateur. [Définition normalisée par l'ISO.]  1, fiche 8, Français, - injecteur%20d%27%C3%A9mulseur%20en%20ligne

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

injecteur d'émulseur en ligne : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  5, fiche 8, Français, - injecteur%20d%27%C3%A9mulseur%20en%20ligne

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is an elementary rule that no action may be filed on a contract which has no more force and effect. There can be no cause of action upon an inexistent contract. No criminal or civil liability may arise from an extinguished contract such as Exhibit "A".  2, fiche 9, Anglais, - extinguished%20contract

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

To be effective, it [the legal charge] must be —(i) made by deed : a charge merely in writing will have no effect at law; and(ii) expressed to be by way of legal mortgage : the deed must contain a statement that the charge is made by way of legal mortgage, though such a statement is not required where the title to the land is registered.(Megarry's Manual of the Law of Real Property, 1982, 6th ed., p. 465).  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - legal%20charge

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

sûreté réelle légale : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l’accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 10, Français, - s%C3%BBret%C3%A9%20r%C3%A9elle%20l%C3%A9gale

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A person is said to be a stranger to a transaction when he takes no part in it, or no part producing any legal effect. Thus a person who is not a party to a deed, contract, etc., is said to be a stranger to it. So when a promise is made to a person, but he has neither taken any trouble or charge upon himself, nor conferred any benefit on the promisor, but the trouble has been sustained or benefit conferred by another, the promisee is said to be a stranger to the consideration.  2, fiche 11, Anglais, - stranger%20to%20the%20consideration

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A certificate containing the substance and effect only, omitting the formal part of the indictment or charge and conviction for such offence, purporting to be signed by the Registrar or the clerk of the court, or other officer having the custody of the records of the court, in or before which the offender was convicted, or by the deputy of such Registrar, clerk or officer, for which certificate a fee of one dollar and no more shall be paid, is, upon proof of the identity of the person, sufficient evidence of the said conviction without proof of the signature or official character of the person appearing to have signed the same.  1, fiche 12, Anglais, - official%20character%20of%20a%20person

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un certificat contenant le fond et l'effet seulement, et omettant la partie formelle de l'acte d'accusation ou de l'inculpation et de la déclaration de culpabilité pour cette infraction, présenté comme étant signé par le registraire ou le greffier de la cour ou par tout autre fonctionnaire préposé à la garde des archives de la cour par ou devant laquelle le contrevenant a été déclaré coupable, ou par l'adjoint de ce registraire, greffier ou fonctionnaire, et pour lequel un droit d'un dollar au plus doit être payé, constitue, l'identité de la personne ayant été établie, une preuve suffisante de cette déclaration de culpabilité sans qu'il soit nécessaire de prouver l'authenticité de la signature ou la qualité officielle de la personne qui semble l'avoir signé.  2, fiche 12, Français, - qualit%C3%A9%20officielle%20d%27une%20personne

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Note that [the] correlation or association that way exist between... random variables does not necessarily imply cause and effect relationship, but only association.... statistical dependence by no means measures causality. A strong association or correlation may be discovered between automobile accidents, for example, and high school dropouts. One should not, therefore, consider that dropping out of high school increases accidents, nor that auto accidents encourage aversion to education; the parallel movement of these two variables, which is what correlation measures, may be due to increase in population.  3, fiche 13, Anglais, - statistical%20dependence

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[La recherche des] liaisons possibles entre deux ou plusieurs variables, [afin de] déterminer si des rapports de dépendance existent entre elles.  2, fiche 13, Français, - d%C3%A9pendance%20statistique

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dépendance absolue : Il y a dépendance absolue entre deux observations si l'une est totalement déterminée, quand l'autre l'est; elle s'exprime par une relation du type y = f(x), y étant bien déterminé quand x l'est; c'est pourquoi on parle aussi dans ce cas de liaison étroite, ou mieux encore de «relation fonctionnelle».  2, fiche 13, Français, - d%C3%A9pendance%20statistique

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An alternative fuel for use in diesel engines that is made from natural renewable sources such as animal fats or vegetable oils and does not contain petroleum.  4, fiche 14, Anglais, - biodiesel

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Biodiesel] has similar properties to petroleum but releases fewer environmental pollutants in its emissions. Biodiesel can be used in diesel engines with little or no modifications, either as a diesel fuel substitute, or added to petroleum-based fuels to reduce their polluting effect. Examples include oils such as soybeans, rapeseed, sunflowers or animal tallow.  4, fiche 14, Anglais, - biodiesel

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the United States, the term biodiesel is more restrictive, referring only to "the monoalkyl esters of long chain fatty acids …"  5, fiche 14, Anglais, - biodiesel

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

biodiesel: term recommended by the Terminology Committee and standardized by the Validation Committee of the Sustainable Mobility Glossary.  6, fiche 14, Anglais, - biodiesel

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Carburant de remplacement pour moteur diésel, issu de la transformation d'huile animale ou végétale et ne contenant pas de produits pétroliers.  5, fiche 14, Français, - biodiesel

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le biodiesel, biogazole ou B100 (B20, B5, B2, etc.) est un carburant obtenu à partir d'huile végétale ou animale transformée par un procédé chimique appelé transestérification, afin d'obtenir du EMHV [ester méthylique d'huile végétale] ou du EEHV [ester éthylique d'huile végétale].  6, fiche 14, Français, - biodiesel

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

diésel : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  7, fiche 14, Français, - biodiesel

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

biodiesel : terme recommandé par le Comité de terminologie et normalisé par le Comité de validation du Lexique de la mobilité durable.  8, fiche 14, Français, - biodiesel

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Biocombustible sintético líquido que se obtiene a partir de lípidos naturales como aceites vegetales o grasas animales, nuevos o usados, mediante procesos industriales de esterificación y transesterificación, y que se aplica en la preparación de sustitutos totales o parciales del petrodiésel o gasóleo obtenido del petróleo.  4, fiche 14, Espagnol, - biodi%C3%A9sel

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El término biodiésel alude al combustible puro –denominado B100– que ha sido designado como combustible alternativo por los Departamentos de Energía y de Transporte de los EE.UU. [...] Entre los beneficios que se le atribuyen al biodiésel como combustible, se encuentran su capacidad de renovarse, la reducción de las emisiones de gas invernadero y otras emisiones reguladas y una menor dependencia en combustibles derivados del petróleo.  3, fiche 14, Espagnol, - biodi%C3%A9sel

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

biodiésel: La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, indica que biodiésel y diésel se escriben con tilde en la primera e. [...] Tanto biodiésel como diésel son voces llanas terminadas en consonante distinta de n o s; por tanto, según señala la Ortografía académica, deben escribirse con tilde. El acento recae en la e, por ser esta la vocal abierta del diptongo. [...] Se recuerda, además, que en parte de América se emplea el sustantivo dísel, también adecuado.  5, fiche 14, Espagnol, - biodi%C3%A9sel

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This means in effect that it is no longer necessary for the competitor to undergo the gender verification procedure as described in the Medical Guide in order to register for the FIS [Fédération internationale de ski] points list. Nevertheless, it is still possible for a gender verification certificate to be issued to any competitor who undergoes the examination as per the described procedure. Gender testing was introduced by FIS to prevent male athletes from competing in women's races and for women to compete on equal terms.  2, fiche 15, Anglais, - certificate%20of%20femininity

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lors des Jeux olympiques de Mexico en 1968, les 844 concurrentes subissent le test du corpuscule de Barr. Les athlètes ayant passé avec succès l'essai reçoivent alors un certificat de féminité (CIO) [Comité international olympique] permettant [...] de ne pas repasser le test ultérieurement.  2, fiche 15, Français, - certificat%20de%20f%C3%A9minit%C3%A9

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En 2000, le CIO [Comité international olympique] met fin au test de féminité systématique. Il ne sera plus pratiqué qu'en cas de «doutes visuels».  3, fiche 15, Français, - certificat%20de%20f%C3%A9minit%C3%A9

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In hypothesis testing, the probability of concluding incorrectly that a null hypothesis is false.  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - false%20positive%20error

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

For example, α could be the probability of concluding that an intervention is effective when it has no true effect. If the investigators set α at 0. 05, this means that they accept that there is a 5% risk of a Type I error. The α-level is commonly set at 0. 01, 0. 05 or 0. 10.  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - false%20positive%20error

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

false positive error; type I error; alpha error: terms and definition standardized by the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Glossary English Editorial Board and the Translation Bureau.  4, fiche 16, Anglais, - false%20positive%20error

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dans un test d’hypothèse, erreur se produisant lorsque l’on conclut à tort qu’une hypothèse nulle est fausse.  2, fiche 16, Français, - erreur%20de%20premi%C3%A8re%20esp%C3%A8ce

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Par exemple, on commet une erreur de type I si on détecte une différence entre les résultats d’un groupe expérimental et ceux d’un groupe témoin alors qu’en réalité cette différence n’existe pas. La probabilité de commettre ce type d’erreur est désignée par alpha (α).  2, fiche 16, Français, - erreur%20de%20premi%C3%A8re%20esp%C3%A8ce

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

erreur de première espèce; erreur de type I; erreur alpha : termes et définition normalisés par l'Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) et le Bureau de la traduction.  3, fiche 16, Français, - erreur%20de%20premi%C3%A8re%20esp%C3%A8ce

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In hypothesis testing, the probability of a Type I error, i.e. the probability of concluding incorrectly that a null hypothesis is false.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - alpha

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

For example, [alpha] could be the probability of concluding that an intervention is effective when it has no true effect. If the investigators set [alpha] at 0. 05, this means that they accept that there is a 5% risk of a Type I error. The [alpha]-level is commonly set at 0. 01, 0. 05 or 0. 10.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - alpha

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

alpha: This term may be replaced by its corresponding Greek letter. It could not be reproduced because of technical constraints.  2, fiche 17, Anglais, - alpha

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 3 OBS

The term "alpha," its Greek symbol and the definition have been standardized by the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Glossary English Editorial Board and the Translation Bureau.  3, fiche 17, Anglais, - alpha

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dans un test d’hypothèse, probabilité d’erreur de type I, c'est-à-dire probabilité de conclure à tort qu’une hypothèse nulle est fausse.  1, fiche 17, Français, - alpha

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Par exemple, [alpha] pourrait être la probabilité de conclure qu’une intervention est efficace alors qu’elle n’a pas vraiment d’effet. Si les chercheurs fixent [alpha] à 0,05, cela signifie qu’ils acceptent un risque d’erreur de type I de 5 %. Le seuil [alpha] est habituellement fixé à 0,01, 0,05 ou 0,10.  1, fiche 17, Français, - alpha

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

alpha : Ce terme peut être remplacé par la lettre grecque correspondante. Elle ne peut pas être reproduite en raison de contraintes techniques.  2, fiche 17, Français, - alpha

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Le terme «alpha», son symbole grec, le terme «seuil de signification statistique» ainsi que la définition ont été normalisés par l'Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) et le Bureau de la traduction.  2, fiche 17, Français, - alpha

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The minimum amount of material in a sample for which the variability caused by the individual particles within that material has a negligible effect.  1, fiche 18, Anglais, - minimum%20sample%20size

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The minimum sample size is estimated using a formula taking into account different factors. One of these factors is the variability that is accepted to be caused by the differences between individual particles. When a large amount of variability is chosen for this factor, there will no longer be a "negligible effect" as mentioned in the definition. However, in normal circumstances a low value will be chosen, accepting only a relative small amount of variability.  1, fiche 18, Anglais, - minimum%20sample%20size

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

minimum sample size: term and definition standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).  2, fiche 18, Anglais, - minimum%20sample%20size

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Quantité minimale de matériau dans un échantillon pour laquelle la variabilité due aux particules individuelles dudit matériau a un effet négligeable.  1, fiche 18, Français, - taille%20minimale%20d%27%C3%A9chantillon

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La taille minimale d'échantillon est estimée en utilisant une formule prenant en compte différents facteurs. L'un de ces facteurs est l'importance de la variabilité acceptée, due aux différences observées entre les particules individuelles. L'attribution d'une grande variabilité à ce facteur entraîne l'élimination de tout «effet négligeable» tel que mentionné dans la définition. Toutefois, dans une situation normale, une valeur peu élevée est choisie, admettant uniquement une variabilité relativement peu importante.  1, fiche 18, Français, - taille%20minimale%20d%27%C3%A9chantillon

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

taille minimale d'échantillon : terme et définition normalisés par l'Organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO).  2, fiche 18, Français, - taille%20minimale%20d%27%C3%A9chantillon

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Leases for a fixed period. A lease may be granted for any certain period of certain duration, no matter how long or short. Leases for a week or for three thousand years are equally valid.... Both the commencement and the maximum duration of the term must be either certain or capable of being rendered certain before the lease takes effect.(Megarry & Wade, 4th ed., 1975, p. 630).  1, fiche 19, Anglais, - lease%20for%20a%20fixed%20period

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

bail à durée fixe : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 19, Français, - bail%20%C3%A0%20dur%C3%A9e%20fixe

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As in the case of the fee simple, at common law the rules for the creation of the estate tail had to be strictly observed in the case of "inter vivos" dispositions. In the case of wills the rules were more relaxed.... In England, these rules were very much simplified by the "Conveyancing and Law of Property Act". This legislation was adopted in the Canadian provinces. The several statutes provided in effect that, in a deed limiting an estate tail, it was no longer necessary to use the words... "heirs female of the body", it being sufficient to use the words... "in tail female",... or to use words sufficiently indicating the limitation intended.(Anger and Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, pp. 134-135).  1, fiche 20, Anglais, - in%20tail%20female

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

en fief taillé en ligne féminine : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 20, Français, - en%20fief%20taill%C3%A9%20en%20ligne%20f%C3%A9minine

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As in the case of the fee simple, at common law the rules for the creation of the estate tail had to be strictly observed in the case of "inter vivos" dispositions. In the case of wills the rules were more relaxed.... In England, these rules were very much simplified by the "Conveyancing and Law of Property Act". This legislation was adopted in the Canadian provinces. The several statutes provided in effect that, in a deed limiting an estate tail, it was no longer necessary to use the words "heirs of the body"..., it being sufficient to use the words "in tail"... or to use words sufficiently indicating the limitation intended.(Anger and Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, pp. 134-5).  1, fiche 21, Anglais, - in%20tail

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

en fief taillé : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 21, Français, - en%20fief%20taill%C3%A9

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As in the case of the fee simple, at common law the rules for the creation of the estate tail had to be strictly observed in the case of "inter vivos" dispositions. In the case of wills the rules were more relaxed.... In England, these rules were very much simplified by the "Conveyancing and Law of Property Act. "This legislation was adopted in the Canadian provinces. The several statutes provided in effect that, in a deed limiting an estate tail, it was no longer necessary to use the words "heirs male of the body", it being sufficient to use the words... "in tail male"... or to use words sufficiently indicating the limitation intended.(Anger and Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, pp. 134-135).  1, fiche 22, Anglais, - in%20tail%20male

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

en fief taillé en ligne masculine : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 22, Français, - en%20fief%20taill%C3%A9%20en%20ligne%20masculine

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If an ulterior limitation is introduced by words of contingency which really import no more than the failure of the prior limitations, the words of contingency will be rejected, and the ulterior limitation will take effect even though the prior limitations do not fail in the precise manner which those words literally import.(Morris and Leach, 1962, p. 41).  1, fiche 23, Anglais, - words%20of%20contingency

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

words of contingency; contingent words: terms used in the plural in this context.  2, fiche 23, Anglais, - words%20of%20contingency

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

termes d'éventualité : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 23, Français, - termes%20d%27%C3%A9ventualit%C3%A9

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

termes d'éventualité : terme utilisé au pluriel dans ce contexte.  2, fiche 23, Français, - termes%20d%27%C3%A9ventualit%C3%A9

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Documents which are not registered can then be safely ignored, for they can have no effect; and so a search of the deeds register should enable a conveyancer to make sure that he has not overlooked any material factor...(Rowton Simpson, 1976, p. 15).  1, fiche 24, Anglais, - deeds%20register

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Aux États-Unis, l'expression «register of deeds» a un double sens, car elle désigne aussi la personne qui tient ce genre de documents.  1, fiche 24, Français, - registre%20des%20actes

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

registre des actes : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielle (PAJLO).  2, fiche 24, Français, - registre%20des%20actes

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Where the statute of frauds does not require the acceptance to be in writing and signed by the acceptor, acceptance of an offer may be made by taking possession, making improvements,or other acts expressly or impliedly authorized by the offer. (91 C.J.S.)  2, fiche 25, Anglais, - acceptor

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Where, however, the parties are in each other's presence or, though separated in space, communication between them is in effect instantaneous, there is no need for [a special rule]. To hold otherwise would leave no room for the operation of the general rule that notification of the acceptance must be received. An acceptor could say :"I spoke the words of acceptance in your presence, albeit softly, and it matters not that you did not hear me"...(Cheshire and Fifoot, p. 44)  3, fiche 25, Anglais, - acceptor

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

acceptant; acceptante : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, fiche 25, Français, - acceptant

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

After one year from the date of deposit of the instrument of denunciation, the Convention shall no longer be in effect for the denouncing State, but shall remain in effect for the other States Parties.  2, fiche 26, Anglais, - instrument%20of%20denunciation

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La présente Convention reste en vigueur indéfiniment, mais tout État partie peut la dénoncer. L'instrument de dénonciation est déposé au Secrétariat général de l'Organisation des États Américains.  2, fiche 26, Français, - instrument%20de%20d%C3%A9nonciation

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are basically two different opinions about the shape of the dose-effect at low doses. There are those who believe that very low doses of radiation carry no risk and that a threshold dose has to be exceeded before an effect will be induced. Others support the concept of radiation risk increasing linearly with dose from zero dose up, i. e. the linear no-threshold(LNT) concept.  2, fiche 27, Anglais, - linear%20no%2Dthreshold

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Linear no-threshold model, response, theory.  3, fiche 27, Anglais, - linear%20no%2Dthreshold

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'une des conséquences de l'hypothèse d'une relation linéaire sans seuil entre la dose et le risque pour la santé est que, dans une grande population, où tous les individus ont reçu de faibles doses de rayonnement, il est possible d'estimer statistiquement le nombre prévu des effets sans seuils qui pourraient être attribués à l'exposition, même si, à des doses très faibles, ces effets ne peuvent être distingués des incidences de cancer naturel.  1, fiche 27, Français, - lin%C3%A9aire%20sans%20seuil

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Modèle, relation, théorie linéaire sans seuil.  2, fiche 27, Français, - lin%C3%A9aire%20sans%20seuil

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

More quantitatively, in the case that no control rods are foreseen in the SC [sub-critical core], the level of subcriticality should be such that the core stays sub-critical when going from a “hot” state(i. e. normal operation) to a “cold” state(i. e. reactor shut-down). Since thermal feed-back induces generally(e. g. in standard fast reactors) a positive reactivity effect … going from “hot” to “cold”, one can require that the “cold” core should stay sub-critical even in the case of an accidental reactivity insertion … due for example to coolant voidage.  1, fiche 28, Anglais, - accidental%20reactivity%20insertion

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les combustibles MOX [oxyde mixte] actuels peuvent atteindre des taux de combustion de 55 GWj/t [gigawatt jour par tonne] les démonstrations à faire concernent toutes les situations de fonctionnement normal ou accidentel; parmi celles-ci il faut noter […] — l’insertion accidentelle de réactivité […] pour laquelle des essais spécifiques sont exigés sur des installations expérimentales (CABRI à Cadarache) […]  1, fiche 28, Français, - insertion%20accidentelle%20de%20r%C3%A9activit%C3%A9

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a soil/duff drought index [developed by Keetch and Byram (1968]) that ranges from 0 (no drought) to 800 (extreme drought) and is based on soil capacity of 8 inches of water. Factors in the index are maximum daily temperature, daily precipitation, antecedent precipitation, and annual precipitation.  4, fiche 29, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Keetch Byram Drought Index(KBDI) provides a daily measure of soil dryness, which, in turn, gives an indication of water stress in plants. The KBDI represents the net effect of precipitation and evapotranspiration in producing cumulative moisture deficiency in deep duff or upper soil layers. The KBDI has a range from 0(no drought or soil moisture deficiency, i. e. soil at field capacity) to 2000(extreme drought, maximum soil moisture deficiency possible). The index can be viewed as the amount of rain needed to bring the soil back to saturation, with one mm of rain reducing the index by 10 points. The 0-2000 point scale is divided into three drought classes : 0-999=Low; 1000-1499=Moderate; 1500-2000=High. The KBDI is simple to calculate as it uses only two, daily weather observations-maximum temperature and 24-hour rainfall. The system functions in a book-keeping fashion where estimates of daily evapo-transpiration and measurements of precipitation increase or decrease the value of yesterdays index. The KBDI by itself is not a Fire Danger Rating System as it gives no indicate of the ease of ignition of the vegetation, or of the rate of fire spread, fire intensity and difficulty of control. It does however serve as a useful measure of drought occurrence.  7, fiche 29, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI): ... 0 - 200: Soil moisture and large class fuel moistures are high and do not contribute much to fire intensity. Typical of spring dormant season following winter precipitation. 200 - 400: Typical of late spring, early growing season. Lower litter and duff layers are drying and beginning to contribute to fire intensity. 400 - 600: Typical of late summer, early fall. Lower litter and duff layers actively contribute to fire intensity and will burn actively. 600 - 800: Often associated with more severe drought with increased wildfire occurrence. Intense, deep burning fires with significant downwind spotting can be expected. Live fuels can also be expected to burn actively at these levels.  9, fiche 29, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... the Palmer Drought Index (PDI) and the Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI) ... were [both] developed by John Keetch and George Byram, and originally were developed as aids for agriculture. The ... KBDI is used extensively in the eastern states and also in some parts of the west.  10, fiche 29, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the metric system the value of the index is usually assumed to range from 0 to 200 mm (even though 800 points actually corresponds to 204 mm).  3, fiche 29, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Keetch-Byram Drought Index [is] a commonly-used drought index adapted for fire management applications ...  11, fiche 29, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 3 OBS

"Duff" is ... an important term in the fire weather program of the US Forest Service, used to describe the partially decayed organic matter on the forest floor which can become highly combustible during drought periods and contribute to the longevity and spread of forest fires. ... the Keetch-Byram Drought Index is sometimes referred to as the soil/duff drought index because it is a measure of how dry the soil and duff layers are.  6, fiche 29, Anglais, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «sècheresse».  2, fiche 29, Français, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20Keetch%2DByram

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sècheresse : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  3, fiche 29, Français, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20Keetch%2DByram

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

void and of no(ne) effect : This doublet is quite redundant. If the phrase must be used, modern idiom requires "void and of no effect"(and not "void and of none effect").  6, fiche 30, Anglais, - invalid

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The phrases "totally void" and "completely void" are redundancies ... "Null and void" is questionable as a doublet, "void" itself being perfectly strong.  6, fiche 30, Anglais, - invalid

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 3 OBS

null and void: Having no force; invalid.  8, fiche 30, Anglais, - invalid

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 4 OBS

null and void: Terms and observation reproduced from the Glosario Provisional de Términos Jurídicos with the permission of the United Nations Office at Geneva.  8, fiche 30, Anglais, - invalid

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Se dit, dès le moment où existe le vice qui l'affecte, de l'acte qui, en raison de ce vice, encourt l'annulation et dont il n'y a pas lieu de tenir compte.  15, fiche 30, Français, - nul

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

33 bis. Archaïsmes pléonastiques. [...] La contraction est moins indiquée quand l'expression tautologique fait partie de la langue courante : [...] nul et non avenu; [...]  16, fiche 30, Français, - nul

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Todo acto nulo es ineficaz.  4, fiche 30, Espagnol, - nulo

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ahora bien, como señala Alcaraz, uno de los principales rasgos que conforman el inglés jurídico es su redundancia expresiva, que se nota en muchas construcciones en que se repiten términos que son sinónimos parciales (por ejemplo "null and void", pero también "sole and exclusive", "aid and abet", "final and conclusive", etcétera).  4, fiche 30, Espagnol, - nulo

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 OBS

nulo, nulo y sin efecto, sin valor, írrito: Términos, contexto y observación reproducidos del Glosario Provisional de Términos Jurídicos con la autorización de la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra.  4, fiche 30, Espagnol, - nulo

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Speed and efficiency are two features of Vacuum Cooling which are unsurpassed by any other method, especially when cooling boxed or palletised products. Assuming the product is not packed in hermetically sealed packages the effects of bags, boxes or stacking density has virtually no effect on cooling times. For this reason it is common for vacuum cooling to be carried out on palletised products just prior to it being dispatched.  1, fiche 31, Anglais, - stacking%20density

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Quantité maximale d'un produit pouvant être entreposée par unité de surface ou de volume tout en tenant compte du mode d'emballage et de gerbage.  1, fiche 31, Français, - densit%C3%A9%20maximale%20d%27entreposage

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Stall. Occurs when the wings are no longer capable of producing sufficient lift to counteract the effect of gravity on the aircraft's mass. Symptoms of an Approaching Stall :-loss of horizon;-reduced wind noise;-dropping of indicated airspeed;-slack controls, and;-buffeting(vibrations, may be absent during flight in precipitation).  3, fiche 32, Anglais, - slack%20control

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Comme l’avion était en pilotage automatique, l’équipage de conduite n’a remarqué aucun signe de décrochage imminent ni aucun signe de réduction de la vitesse, comme une augmentation du cabré, des changements d’assiette, une augmentation de l’angle d’attaque et des commandes molles.  2, fiche 32, Français, - commande%20molle

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Vesting of title to claimed horse.(a) Title to a horse which is claimed shall be vested in the successful claimant from the time the field has been dispatched from the starting gate and the horse becomes a starter; and said successful claimant becomes the owner of the horse whether it be alive or dead, sound or unsound, or injured during the race or after it. Only a horse which is officially a starter in the race may be claimed. A subsequent disqualification of the horse by order of the stewards or the Board shall have no effect upon the claim.(b) The claim shall be void if the race is called off, canceled, or declared no contest in accordance with Rule 1544 of this division.  2, fiche 33, Anglais, - vesting%20of%20title%20to%20a%20claimed%20horse

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Transfert des droits de propriété d'un cheval réclamé - Un cheval inscrit à une course à réclamer prendra part à cette course au compte du propriétaire l'ayant inscrit à ladite course, mais les droits de propriété du cheval seront transférés au nom du réclamant au moment que le cheval est réputé avoir pris le départ et ledit cheval demeurera la propriété du réclamant qu'il soit malade ou en bonne santé, ou qu'il se blesse ou meure durant ou après la course. Si un cheval est réclamé lors d'une compétition appelée à être disputée en plusieurs épreuves, les juges exigeront le retrait du cheval des épreuves subséquentes de ladite compétition.  2, fiche 33, Français, - transfert%20des%20droits%20de%20propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20d%27un%20cheval%20r%C3%A9clam%C3%A9

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

From the fuel itself, the engines also produce oxides of hydrogen, which include water, and which the chemists collectively dub HO_x. Water itself does not destroy ozone, but the hydroxyl radical, HO, does, through a similar set of reactions to the ones involving NO. McDonald himself wasn’t concerned about the effects of NO_x</sub> on the stratosphere, but he began to be worried that HO_x might have a serious effect on the ozone layer.  4, fiche 34, Anglais, - hydridooxygen%26%23183%3B

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Another sink for ozone involves fragments of water molecules. Water vapor occurs naturally in the stratosphere, and water molecules are also split apart by ultraviolet rays, giving a collection of hydrogen atoms (H), hydroxyl radicals (HO) and hydroperoxyl radicals (HOO). Collectively they can be symbolized by HO_x. These remove ozone (or oxygen atoms needed to make ozone).  5, fiche 34, Anglais, - hydridooxygen%26%23183%3B

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hydrogen oxide; oxide of hydrogen: dubious names.  1, fiche 34, Anglais, - hydridooxygen%26%23183%3B

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

oxydes d'hydrogène : Collectivement, substances qui contiennent à la fois de l'oxygène et de l'hydrogène et qui constituent un piège important pour l'ozone.  4, fiche 34, Français, - hydrurooxyg%C3%A8ne%26%23183%3B

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Par le symbole HO_x on désigne surtout les radicaux HO et HO₂, qui sont des constituants de la stratosphère.  4, fiche 34, Français, - hydrurooxyg%C3%A8ne%26%23183%3B

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les scientifiques ont calculé que les oxydes d'azote pouvaient détruire jusqu'à 9 % de l'ozone de la stratosphère (de 15 à 50 km d'altitude), tandis que les oxydes d'hydrogène étaient responsables de la destruction de quelques 70 % de l'ozone de la mésosphère (entre 50 et 90 km).  5, fiche 34, Français, - hydrurooxyg%C3%A8ne%26%23183%3B

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Addition of bacterial sphingomyelinase to quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells effectively potentiated the platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)-stimulated cell proliferation, though the enzyme by itself had little effect on the cell proliferation. Such potentiation of the cell growth could also be observed by the addition of ceramide, a product of the sphingomyelinase-catalysed reaction. In contrast, phosphocholine, another product of the enzyme reaction, had no synergistic effect on the action of PDGF. Treatment of the cells with sphingomyelinase or ceramide increased the cellular activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAP kinases), which have been implicated in the regulation of cell proliferation.  1, fiche 35, Anglais, - sphingomyelinase

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Certaines cytokines, des agents différentiateurs, ou des effecteurs antitumoraux activent une voie de transmission du signal intracellulaire caractérisée par l'hydrolyse de la sphingomyéline et production de céramide sous l'effet de sphingomyélinases.  1, fiche 35, Français, - sphingomy%C3%A9linase

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[The] operation of an active device in which the bias and signal amplitude are so chosen that output current flows throughout each cycle of input signal (assumed sinusoidal), i.e. the angle of flow is 360°.  3, fiche 36, Anglais, - class%2DA%20operation

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Class-A operation. Class-A amplifier operation is characterized by a conduction period of the output current(collector or drain) of 360°. That is, the operating point is chosen to have a constant voltage and current. In effect, the amplifier power is on all the time. This is referred to as linear operation. By operating in the linear region of the transistor's characteristics, the amplified signal suffers minimum distortion. This comes at a price of inefficiency in the amplifier. The theoretical maximum possible efficiency of a class-A amplifier is 50%, but due to linearity requirements of the applications, the efficiency may be no more that 25%.  4, fiche 36, Anglais, - class%2DA%20operation

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

be of no effect : extracted from the Standard Acquisition Clauses and Conditions(SACC) Manual, produced by Public Works and Government Services Canada.  2, fiche 37, Anglais, - be%20of%20no%20effect

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

être nul et sans effet : extrait du Guide des clauses et conditions uniformisées d'achat (CCUA) de Travaux publics et Services gouvernementaux Canada.  2, fiche 37, Français, - %C3%AAtre%20nul%20et%20sans%20effet

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Agreement reached for political reasons somewhere between two opposing viewpoints.  2, fiche 38, Anglais, - political%20compromise

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the [Beaulac] case, the Court held that the fact that language rights resulted from a political compromise had no effect on their scope and that such "rights" must in all cases be interpreted purposively, in a manner consistent with the preservation and development of official language communities in Canada.  3, fiche 38, Anglais, - political%20compromise

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Entente conclue pour des motifs politiques entre des parties qui cèdent toutes un peu de leurs demandes.  2, fiche 38, Français, - compromis%20politique

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans l'affaire [Beaulac], la Cour a déterminé que le fait que les droits linguistiques soient issus d'un compromis politique n'a aucun effet sur leur étendue et que ces droits «doivent dans tous les cas être interprétés en fonction de leur objet, de façon compatible avec le maintien et l'épanouissement des collectivités de langue officielle au Canada».  3, fiche 38, Français, - compromis%20politique

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Distance is still an important source of trade costs and continues to have an irrevocable impact on the patterns of international trade ... various factors ... can explain the importance of geographical proximity for bilateral trade. First, transport costs and costs of timeliness increase with distance. Moreover, psychic distance increases as well. Because of cultural unfamiliarity and information costs, traders have less knowledge of distant markets.  3, fiche 39, Anglais, - distance%20effect

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 CONT

If transportation costs are the main source of distance effects on trade and wages, we can expect that in some service sectors, distance effects may indeed be eliminated with globalization.  4, fiche 39, Anglais, - distance%20effect

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 3 CONT

There is no shortage of estimates of the effect of distance on trade flows. A huge number of papers have examined the determinants of bilateral trade flows and they almost invariably control for distance. Despite the abundance of such studies, assessments of the distance effect tend to be anecdotal.  5, fiche 39, Anglais, - distance%20effect

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si les coûts de transport sont la source principale des effets de distance sur le commerce et les salaires, alors nous pouvons nous attendre à ce que les effets de distance, dans certains secteurs des services, soient éliminés par la mondialisation.  2, fiche 39, Français, - effet%20de%20distance

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Documentation required in support of said approval could be in the form of a short form request... outlining the reasons for the termination with a statement to the effect that there are no indentified alternative users for the leased accommodation.  2, fiche 40, Anglais, - short%20form%20request

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La documentation requise à l'appui de cette approbation pourrait se présenter sous la forme d'une demande abrégée [...] qui décrit les raisons de la résiliation et contient un énoncé suivant lequel on n'a trouvé aucun locataire pour reprendre les locaux loués.  2, fiche 40, Français, - demande%20abr%C3%A9g%C3%A9e

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

No employee organization shall declare or authorize a strike the effect of which is or would be to involve the participation of any employee who occupies a position that is necessary under an essential services agreement... [Public Service Modernization Act, 2003]  2, fiche 41, Anglais, - authorize%20a%20strike

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il est interdit à toute organisation syndicale de déclarer ou d'autoriser une grève à l'égard d'une unité de négociation donnée, et à tout dirigeant ou représentant d'une telle organisation de conseiller ou susciter la déclaration ou l'autorisation d'une telle grève, ou encore la participation de fonctionnaires à une telle grève, quand celle-ci a ou aurait pour effet d'y faire participer tout fonctionnaire qui occupe un poste nécessaire, aux termes d'une entente sur les services essentiels [...] [Loi sur la modernisation de la fonction publique, 2003]  2, fiche 41, Français, - autoriser%20une%20gr%C3%A8ve

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[The] counsel for the Canadian Mental Health Association contended that the weight of authority in the United States is to the effect that there is no inherent jurisdiction in state courts, either by way of the parens patriae doctrine or otherwise, to order the sterilization of persons found to be mentally incompetent.  3, fiche 42, Anglais, - parens%20patriae%20doctrine

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'extension de la doctrine parens patriae [...] ne devrait pas être considérée comme une sanction implicite du droit de l'enfant d'intenter une poursuite contre sa mère en raison des «choix de mode de vie» qu'elle a faits pendant sa grossesse.  3, fiche 42, Français, - doctrine%20parens%20patriae

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

This type of translocation occurs between two acrocentric chromosomes with breaks on opposite sides of the centromere in each chromosome and rejoining of the long arms. This usually results in the loss of a minute centric fragment, the formation of a new metacentric chromosome, and a reduction in chromosome number in the balanced heterozygote. (GENCYT p. 237)  1, fiche 43, Anglais, - Robertsonian%20fusion

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(Abnormalities of the autosome-Group D) For instance, the short arms of a D group chromosomes can be deleted or duplicated without any obvious effect. "Robertsonian fusion" can take place between the long arms of two acrocentric chromosomes with loss of one centromere and short arms, resulting in normal and usually fertile heterozygotes who have no obvious loss of fitness and may have some selective advantage.(CLICYT p. 310)  1, fiche 43, Anglais, - Robertsonian%20fusion

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rattachement de deux chromosomes acrocentriques par leur région centromérique. (FLAME)  1, fiche 43, Français, - fusion%20robertsonienne

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une variété particulière de translocation réciproque s'opère entre les chromosomes acrocentriques, ceux qui appartiennent aux groupes D & G, par exemple entre un chromosome 13 et un chromosome 21. Elle est la conséquence d'une fusion centromérique et entraîne la perte des bras courts et des satellites qu'ils portent. Cette fusion centromérique est dite aussi robertsonienne. (GENMED p. 55)  1, fiche 43, Français, - fusion%20robertsonienne

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Elles résultent de mutations particulières appelées "fusions centriques" réunissant deux chromosomes acrocentriques non homologues pour constituer un chromosome métacentrique. Désignées aussi sous le nom de "translocations robertsoniennes", elles ont pour effet de modifier le nombre des chromosomes, sans modifier celui des bras chromosomiques.  3, fiche 43, Français, - fusion%20robertsonienne

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Foot print free carpet also may be called “trackless”, “stuffer-box”, and mistakenly, “frieze”. These names describe the tendency of this construction to show fewer footprints and sweeper marks than other cut pile constructions. It should be noted that no cut pile can be classified as being completely free of shading. These constructions are obtained by stuffing yarn into a steam box(stuffer box) and providing a kinked or curled yarn. The fiber is exposed to live steam to set yarn memory in this curled position. This curling of the fiber reduces light reflectance, thus reducing the appearance of footprints. Generally, when viewing a texture from the top, kinked yarns may provide a two-tone effect as a result of shade variations from reflected light.  1, fiche 44, Anglais, - foot%20print%20free%20carpet

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nous offrons un vaste éventail de modèles de tapis dans une variété de motifs et de couleurs. Notre gamme de produits inclut des tapis bouclés uniformes, tapis bouclés à volutes, berbères, sisals, de Saxe, tapis texturés à poil coupé [...]  1, fiche 44, Français, - tapis%20textur%C3%A9%20%C3%A0%20poil%20coup%C3%A9

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Therefore using the rates of deposition now recorded at 450 km and projected at 400 km, the minimum annual deposition from Fort McMurray would be 0. 8 kg SO4-S/ha and from Cold Lake-Lloydminster 0. 65 kg SO4-S/ha for a total of 1. 45 kg S04-S/ha. If this is translated into an actual effect on pH, it is equal to about 9 [microequivalents per litre] of acidity or sufficient to reduce the pH of a lake one metre deep from pH 6. 0 to 5. 0 in one year if no buffering effect was present.  2, fiche 45, Anglais, - deposition%20rate

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Taux indiquant la masse totale d'un polluant atmosphérique qui s'est déposée, par voie humide et par voie sèche, pendant une période donnée sur une surface unitaire.  3, fiche 45, Français, - taux%20de%20d%C3%A9p%C3%B4ts

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cinq modèles numériques disponibles sur une base opérationnelle et pouvant estimer le transport à grande distance des polluants atmosphériques ainsi que leurs taux de dépôts ont pu être utilisés.  4, fiche 45, Français, - taux%20de%20d%C3%A9p%C3%B4ts

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pour de plus amples renseignements sur cette notion, consulter le cahier de néologie sur les pluies acides (OLFNE 1985 no 40-41).  5, fiche 45, Français, - taux%20de%20d%C3%A9p%C3%B4ts

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Evaluación cuantitativa de la cantidad de un contaminante atmosférico sedimentable que se deposita por unidad de superficie y por unidad de tiempo, expresado en kg/ha/año.  2, fiche 45, Espagnol, - tasa%20de%20deposici%C3%B3n

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Templets used in connection with studies for the figure of the earth and isostasy. In obtaining elevation readings from maps in connection with topographic and isostatic reductions, templets of plastic are used. The templets used in connection with deflection of the vertical studies have circles and radial lines drawn upon them, so proportioned with reference to scale of map and azimuth that elevations and ocean depths within each compartment formed by adjacent arcs and radii can be easily averaged and the effect of the mass therein on a plumb line at the station(center of circles), under various hypotheses, can be computed. The templets used in connection with gravity studies are similar to those described above, except that no account is taken of azimuth, all compartments bounded by a given pair of circles being of the same size and shape. A given templet can be used only on maps of the scale and projection for which it is constructed.  1, fiche 46, Anglais, - Hayford%20deflection%20templet

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The removal of goods from a ship directly on to road vehicles or railway wagons, that is, without being put on to the quay.  1, fiche 47, Anglais, - direct%20discharge

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

When instructed to deliver cargo in this way, shipping lines often insert a clause in the bill of lading to the effect that this will be carried out provided that sufficient wagons or vehicles are available to ensure that there is no delay in the discharging of the ship.  1, fiche 47, Anglais, - direct%20discharge

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 48,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At present... the formation of urban land rent is no longer due to the presence of a large central town. On the contrary, the rents are now determined by the position with respect to areas destined for particular uses or to smaller urban areas. It is shown... that the distance from the nearest commercial and/or industrial area influences the selling price. In particular, for plots without buildings the highest values are in the immediate vicinity(Lit 8 148/m² at less than 2 km), while they gradually decrease as the distance increases, almost halving at distances of more than 6 km. The same can be said for distance from the nearest village. The plots furthest away cost almost Lit 18 million/haless than those in the immediate vicinity.... Vicinity to a dump has a greater effect than that of poor access. It is clear that being close to dumps almost totally eliminates the building suitability of the land, at least from an urban residential point of view. This allows the effect of the urban land rent on agricultural land in metropolitan areas to be estimated. If the value of a 2 ha plot of land, sited near an industrial or commercial area and with good access, is estimated with model C to be about Lit 77 million/ha, the value of a plot of the same size situated 9km away, near a dump and accessible by a dirt track or across the end of a field, would be about Lit 28 million/ha.  2, fiche 48, Anglais, - urban%20land%20rent

Fiche 48,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Accroissement continu de valeur dont bénéficie le sol dans les villes.  2, fiche 48, Français, - rente%20fonci%C3%A8re%20urbaine

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Qu'est-ce que la rente foncière urbaine ? [...] à mesure que se bâtissaient des maisons et des quartiers nouveaux, chaque parcelle subsistante acquérait une valeur croissante. Les espaces sur lesquels des maisons s'élevaient d'année en année représentaient plus de richesse. Les propriétaires de vieilles maisons, en des quartiers plus ou moins centraux, par le seul fait de l'accroissement et du peuplement de la ville, et sans dépense ni travail de leur part, voyaient leur bien chaque année grandir. En tous pays, dans les grandes villes, le même phénomène s'est produit.  2, fiche 48, Français, - rente%20fonci%C3%A8re%20urbaine

Fiche 48,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 49,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Washing and Scrubbing the Ore. Washing of run-of-mine ore removes obscuring dust and casual dirt from the surface of the pieces and facilitates recognition when hand picking is to be practised. A second effect may be the removal of primary slimes of no value. Clays, colloidal fines, and similar valueless material can easily be taken out at the earlier stages, but may be difficult to remove once fine crushing has liberated a substantial quantity of finely shattered mineral.... The disintegrating forces used are of a gentle nature, not intended to fracture the ore but simply to tumble particle against particle until the desired amount of cleansing has been accomplished.  2, fiche 49, Anglais, - scrubbing

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

scrubber: A device, such as a wash screen, wash trommel, log washer, and hydraulic jet or monitor, in which a coarse and sticky material, for example, ore or clay, is either washed free of adherents or mildly disintegrated.  3, fiche 49, Anglais, - scrubbing

Fiche 49,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Lavage d'un minerai argileux ou boueux pour le débarrasser de l'argile qui l'empâte.  3, fiche 49, Français, - d%C3%A9bourbage

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Débourbage. Dans certaines exploitations, le tout-venant est mêlé d'argile; après concassage, il est débourbé par brassage avec de l'eau, soit dans un cylindre horizontal en rotation lente dont les palettes fixées à l'intérieur font progresser le minerai vers l'extrémité de sortie, soit dans un cylindre vibrant, ou encore sur des vibrocribles violemment arrosés, ou enfin dans une auge brassée par deux arbres munis de pales («log washer»).  4, fiche 49, Français, - d%C3%A9bourbage

Fiche 49,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 50,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... there is an urgent need for a legally-constituted law-making body i.e. a World Parliament, for enacting enforceable International Laws that are applicable on all the countries and the peoples of the world.  2, fiche 50, Anglais, - enforceable%20international%20law

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The broad, binding effect of customary international law, coupled with the reality that such law can be created by the simple repetition of language at various UN meetings, raises a vital question :"At what point does a ’nonbinding agreement’ turn into an international agreement, a promise into a unilateral act, fact into custom?"(12) While no precise answer is possible, a general rule can be stated : previously non-binding norms become enforceable international law when(in the capacious words of one scholar) they have been repeated "with sufficient frequency.  3, fiche 50, Anglais, - enforceable%20international%20law

Fiche 50,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

droit positif : ensemble des règles de droit en vigueur dans un pays à un moment donné (opposé à droit naturel).  2, fiche 50, Français, - droit%20international%20positif

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[La] Déclaration sur les Règles de droit international humanitaire relatives à la conduite des hostilités dans les conflits armés non internationaux [...] présente les principes et règles que l'Institut international de droit humanitaire, réuni à Taormina le 7 avril 1990, a identifiés en tant que droit international positif ou droit international en formation.  3, fiche 50, Français, - droit%20international%20positif