TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... what has been stressed so far [in the] analysis are the ways religious minorities, religious diversity, and religious transnationalism can become sources of religious conflict and pose challenges to international security. However, they also offer new, untapped resources for diplomacy and international co-operation.... Faith-based diplomacy recognizes that if religion is a part of the problem of international conflict, it also needs to be a part of the solution. It is with this wider conception of diplomacy that a country's ethnic or religious minorities, through their global social and commercial links to their wider diaspora communities, could become an effective resource for [the country's] foreign policy...  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - religious%20minority

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Parts per million-ppm-is commonly used as a dimensionless measure of small levels(concentrations) of pollutants in air, water, body fluids, etc. Parts per million is the molar mass, volume or mass ratio between the pollutant component and the solution.... In the metric system ppm for mass can be expressed in terms of milligram versus kg where 1 mg/kg=1 part per million.  3, fiche 2, Anglais, - part%20per%20million

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

part per 106: written part per 10⁶.  4, fiche 2, Anglais, - part%20per%20million

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Partie par million (ppm). C'est un quotient sans dimension représentant un rapport de 10^-6 (1 pour 1 million). Ce rapport peut s'appliquer par exemple à des masses ou à des volumes. Ainsi, quand on parle d'un contenu de 400 ppm (ou plus précisément ppmv [partie par million en volume]) de CO₂ dans l'atmosphère, cela signifie qu'un litre d'air contient en moyenne 0,4 ml de dioxyde de carbone.  4, fiche 2, Français, - partie%20par%20million

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

partie par 106 : s'écrit partie par 10⁶.  5, fiche 2, Français, - partie%20par%20million

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Grasas y Aceites. Se refiere a los compuestos derivados del petróleo que sólo son solubles en hexano y completamente insolubles en el agua. La norma de la OMS marca 1 ppm (1 parte por millón, esto es un miligramo por litro) de grasas y aceites, sin embargo, en México la norma es de 65 ppm.  3, fiche 2, Espagnol, - parte%20por%20mill%C3%B3n

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

En general, la concentración de monóxido de carbono acompaña los cambios de densidad del tránsito que se suceden a lo lorgo del día. El descanso nocturno es suficiente para borrar la memoria de la contaminación registrada el día anterior. Cada día comienza entonces con bajos niveles de concentración, para llegar a niveles cercanos a la alarma (9ppm - partes por millón - como promedio de 8 horas).  4, fiche 2, Espagnol, - parte%20por%20mill%C3%B3n

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ppm [in English]: Abreviatura de «parts per million» (partes por millón). Se use para expresar tolerancias; por ejemplo, la variación de frecuencia de un oscilador patrón.  5, fiche 2, Espagnol, - parte%20por%20mill%C3%B3n

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sanitary and storm sewer systems are an integral part of an urban area. Waste treatment facilities are carefully designed for industrial, institutional, commercial, and population wastes. To ensure proper flow of waste and storm systems, pre-benched manhole bases allow smooth transition and flows at junctions, change of pipe sizes and lateral connections. The pre-benched manhole base consists of a section of monolithically poured manhole barrel with channeled concrete between the inverts of inlet/outlet pipes with a minimum slope of 25mm or 1". The channeled concrete is smooth finished and in most cases a gasketed opening is provided for the insertion of inlet/outlet pipes. The manhole base has a joint on the top to allow for riser sections to be placed to reach the installation invert. The pre-cast, pre-benched manhole base allows for a high quality and quick alternative to cast in place benching. Using pre-cast, pre-benched manhole bases minimize construction time in the field and ensures a quality, long term solution in building storm and sanitary sewer infrastructure. Most pre-benched manhole bases are custom built for the contractor where the angles between the inlet/outlet mains require specific layout. In some cases straight through, 45 or 90 degree configurations are available for standard pipe sizes of 100-200 mm.  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - pre%2Dbenched%20manhole

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Construction de regards de visite préfabriqués ou coulés sur place à 1,60 m de profondeur. Comprend le terrassement, la confection du radier, de la cunette préfabriquée ou coulée sur place, le raccordement des canalisations, l'équipement du regard, le dispositif de fermeture, remblayage, toutes fournitures, sujétions et main d'œuvre.  2, fiche 3, Français, - regard%20de%20visite%20pr%C3%A9fabriqu%C3%A9

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An experimental farm presents an innovative solution approach for the development of alternative(such as organic) farming through farmer involvement in research. The farmer, or group of farmers, should for the most part be able to independently identify and address agricultural problems through on-farm experiments which are self-designed and implemented. Of special emphasis is that on-farm experiments are incorporated into practical operations, applying the farmer's own equipment.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - experimental%20farm

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les fermes expérimentales proposent une approche innovante visant à mettre au point des solutions de remplacement (telles que l'agriculture biologique), en faisant participer les agriculteurs à la recherche. L'agriculteur ou le groupe d'agriculteurs devrait pour l'essentiel être en mesure de recenser indépendamment les problèmes et de les surmonter grâce à des expérimentations à la ferme conçues et menées par lui-même. Il convient en particulier de souligner que les expérimentations à la ferme font partie d'opérations pratiques au cours desquelles l'agriculteur utilise son propre matériel.  1, fiche 4, Français, - ferme%20exp%C3%A9rimentale

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Las granjas experimentales ofrecen un planteamiento innovador para el desarrollo de soluciones agropecuarias alternativas (por ejemplo, orgánicas) mediante la participación del productor agropecuario en la investigación. El productor, o el grupo de productores, por lo general, deberá poder determinar los problemas de su actividad agropecuaria y ocuparse de ellos de forma independiente mediante experimentos realizados en la granja que ellos mismos diseñan y ejecutan. Cabe destacar que estos experimentos se incorporan a las operaciones prácticas empleando el equipo del propio agricultor.  1, fiche 4, Espagnol, - granja%20experimental

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Although this proved to be a workable solution, a more generic alternative, that would be easier to implement across e-mail applications, would be to register a standard MIME type to facilitate electronic forms interchange. This Mime-type would be an integral part of the standard e-form DTD described in this report. A similar kind of extension could be provided for X.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - electronic%20forms%20interchange

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Bien que cette solution soit exploitable, il serait plus facile de la mettre en œuvre dans toutes les applications de courrier électronique en enregistrant un type MIME standard pour les formulaires électroniques échangés au moyen de la DTD normalisée décrite dans le présent rapport. Une extension semblable pourrait être créée pour les applications de courrier électronique fondées sur la norme X.  2, fiche 5, Français, - %C3%A9change%20de%20formulaire%20%C3%A9lectronique

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Termes (et justifications) tirés du rapport sommaire intitulé : «Projet pilote d'échange d'information sur les formulaires électroniques normalisés» publié par le Groupe de travail sur les normes des documents électroniques (GTNDE), Secrétariat du Conseil du Trésor, Gouvernement du Canada.  1, fiche 5, Français, - %C3%A9change%20de%20formulaire%20%C3%A9lectronique

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Device in which the foam compound is added to the water and which can be fitted at any point in the delivery hose.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - in%2Dline%20foam%20concentrate%20inducer

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Equipment designed to induce foam concentrate into a water stream, usually positioned between the pump and the branch pipe. [Definition standardized by ISO.]  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - in%2Dline%20foam%20concentrate%20inducer

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

in-line inductor: This type of proportioner educts or drafts foam concentrate from a container or tank by venturi action, utilizing the operating pressure of the hose water stream on which it is installed, injecting concentrate into that flow of water.  4, fiche 6, Anglais, - in%2Dline%20foam%20concentrate%20inducer

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

There are three different types of foam proportioners commonly used in the fire service : line eductors, balanced pressure proportioners, and around-the-pump proportioners. The line eductor is the simplest and least expensive proportioning device. It has no moving parts in the water way, which makes it durable and dependable. The line eductor may be attached to the hoseline or may be part of the nozzle. There are two different types of line eductors : the in-line eductor and the self-educting nozzle. Both types of eductors use the venturi principle to draft foam concentrate into the water stream. As water at high pressure passes over a reduced opening, it creates a low-pressure area near the outlet side of the eductor. This low-pressure area creates a suction effect. The eductor pickup tube is connected to the eductor at this low-pressure point. The pickup tube submerged in the foam concentrate draws concentrate into the water stream, creating a foam water solution.  6, fiche 6, Anglais, - in%2Dline%20foam%20concentrate%20inducer

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

foam inductor: A piece of equipment that introduces the proper quantity of foaming agent into a water stream.  7, fiche 6, Anglais, - in%2Dline%20foam%20concentrate%20inducer

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

in-line: Referring to a device or fitting inserted in series with (or parallel to the flow in) a hose line.  7, fiche 6, Anglais, - in%2Dline%20foam%20concentrate%20inducer

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 3 OBS

in-line foam concentrate inducer: term standardized by ISO.  8, fiche 6, Anglais, - in%2Dline%20foam%20concentrate%20inducer

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Appareil intercalé dans l'établissement des tuyaux de refoulement, dans lequel s'opère le mélange du produit émulsifiant et de l'eau d'extinction.  2, fiche 6, Français, - injecteur%20d%27%C3%A9mulseur%20en%20ligne

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Équipement conçu pour injecter l'émulseur dans l'eau, généralement placé entre la pompe et l'applicateur. [Définition normalisée par l'ISO.]  1, fiche 6, Français, - injecteur%20d%27%C3%A9mulseur%20en%20ligne

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

injecteur d'émulseur en ligne : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  5, fiche 6, Français, - injecteur%20d%27%C3%A9mulseur%20en%20ligne

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The art and science of arranging conditions so that the parts themselves spontaneously assemble into the desired structure.  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - self%2Dassembly

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A basic principle in self assembly is selective stickiness : if two molecular parts have complementary shapes and charge patterns, one part has a hollow where the other part has a bump, and one part has a positive charge where the other part has a negative charge, then they will tend to stick together in one particular way. By shaking these parts around, something which thermal noise does for us quite naturally if the parts are floating in solution, the parts will eventually, purely by chance, be brought together in just the right way and combine into a bigger part. This bigger part can combine in the same way with other parts, letting us gradually build a complex whole from molecular pieces by stirring them together and shaking.  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - self%2Dassembly

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The key to building electronic devices out of individual molecules is self assembly.  4, fiche 7, Anglais, - self%2Dassembly

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Historically, the idea of supramolecular interactions dates back to the famous metaphor of Emil Fischer (1894), who described a selective interaction of molecules as the lock and key principle. Today, supramolecular chemistry has by far surpassed its original focus. Molecular self-assemblies combine several features of covalent and non-covalent synthesis to make large and structurally well-defined assemblies of atoms. Single van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonds are weak relative to typical covalent bonds and comparable to thermal energies. Therefore, many of these weak non-covalent interactions are necessary in order to achieve molecular stability in self-assembled aggregates. In biology, there are many complex systems of nanoscale structures such as proteins and viruses which are formed by self-assembly. Living systems sum up many weak interactions between chemical entities to make large ones.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - self%2Dassembly

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Opération par laquelle des molécules s'associent spontanément pour donner une structure complexe de géométrie bien définie.  2, fiche 7, Français, - autoassemblage

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'autoassemblage [offre] la possibilité de construire une molécule complexe et hautement structurée en une seule opération au cours de laquelle plusieurs liaisons [...] sont simultanément formées.  3, fiche 7, Français, - autoassemblage

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'autre avantage de l'autoassemblage est de permettre la mise en place provisoire de deux fragments moléculaires en vue d'une réaction ultérieure que l'on souhaite effectuer dans une disposition bien déterminée.  3, fiche 7, Français, - autoassemblage

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Autoassemblage sur surface.  4, fiche 7, Français, - autoassemblage

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En el autoensamblaje, el nanoconstructor introduce átomos particulares o moléculas dentro de una superficie o dentro de una naoestructura preconstruida. Entonces, las moléculas se alinean (ellas mismas) dentro de posiciones particulares, algunas veces formando uniones débiles y otras veces formando uniones covalentes fuertes, en orden de minimizar la energía total.  1, fiche 7, Espagnol, - autoensamblaje

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Se comienza con una estructura nanométrica como una molécula y mediante un proceso de montaje o autoensamblado, totalmente automático, se crea un mecanismo mayor que el mecanismo con el que comenzamos.  2, fiche 7, Espagnol, - autoensamblaje

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

web content management solution : The Translation Bureau recommends in its revised 2013 Linguistic Recommendation that “web” not be capitalized when it is part of a compound, whether the compound is written as two words or one, with or without a hyphen.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - web%20content%20management%20solution

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Web content management solution; WCMS: term and abbreviation used at the Treasury Board Secretariat.  4, fiche 8, Anglais, - web%20content%20management%20solution

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

solution de gestion du contenu Web; solution de gestion des contenus Web : Le Bureau de la traduction préconise dans sa Recommandation linguistique révisée en 2013 la majuscule initiale lorsque «Web» est employé après un nom qu’il qualifie. Il est toujours invariable.  2, fiche 8, Français, - solution%20de%20gestion%20du%20contenu%20Web

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

solution de gestion du contenu Web; solution de gestion des contenus Web; SGCW : termes et abréviation en usage au Secrétariat du Conseil du Trésor.  3, fiche 8, Français, - solution%20de%20gestion%20du%20contenu%20Web

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A property or relation that restricts the space of possible solutions to a problem.  2, fiche 9, Anglais, - constraint

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A constraint is a rule that limits the possible solutions to a problem. To find a solution, we often must sort through many bad solutions before discovering a good one. A good constraint rules out, in one step, most of the very bad attempts at a solution. For example, a good constraint for fixturing a part would be to put the biggest and flattest side up against the jaw of a vise.  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - constraint

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Valeur restrictive exprimée par une règle.  2, fiche 9, Français, - contrainte

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Calculer, créer, décrire, définir, évaluer, exprimer mathématiquement, fixer, imposer, intégrer, introduire, lier une contrainte (à l'objet, aux aspects, aux procédés d'usinage), répondre à des contraintes, respecter, spécifier, tenir compte des contraintes.  3, fiche 9, Français, - contrainte

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 PHR

Contrainte courte, fonctionnelle, géométrique, linéaire, longue, maximale, principale, secondaire, sévère, topologique.  3, fiche 9, Français, - contrainte

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 3 PHR

Contrainte de continuité, de fabrication, d'intégrité, de positivité, de type métrique.  3, fiche 9, Français, - contrainte

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 4 PHR

Acquisition interactive, calcul des contraintes, construction sous contraintes, définition, évaluation, prise en compte, programmation, résolution des contraintes.  3, fiche 9, Français, - contrainte

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

En la programación matemática, cualquiera de las ecuaciones o desigualdades especificadas en un problema, que crean restricciones que limitan las soluciones óptimas.  1, fiche 9, Espagnol, - apremio

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

OPERATION I. D. is a positive-action program designed to help retailers and their staff uphold the law and put an end to the illegal sale of tobacco to minors. Operation I. D. is a commitment by retailers to be part of the solution, not part of the problem, when it comes to tobacco access by young people. Operation I. D. is an initiative of Canada's Tobacco Companies and the Canadian Coalition for Responsible Tobacco Retailing.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - Operation%20I%2ED%2E

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Opération Carte d'Identité est un programme dynamique qui vise à aider les détaillants et leur personnel à mettre fin à la vente illégale de tabac aux mineurs. Opération Carte d'Identité témoigne de l'engagement des détaillants à faire partie de la solution, et non du problème, en ce qui a trait à l'accès des jeunes au tabac. Opération Carte d'Identité est une initiative des fabricants des produits du tabac du Canada et de la Coalition canadienne pour une pratique responsable du commerce du tabac.  1, fiche 10, Français, - Op%C3%A9ration%20Carte%20d%27Identit%C3%A9

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Our environmental doors are a creative and important alternative to standard door construction. This unique product line uses wood materials that lumber mills typically discard by burning. Our doors are made from a reformed product, known as medium density MDF, to create door panels that accept our beautiful design work. Executive Door is proud to be part of the solution in eliminating the burning of wood waste. Environmental door panels do not require the harvesting of even one additional tree.  3, fiche 11, Anglais, - environmental%20door

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See records "green product" and "environmental certification."  4, fiche 11, Anglais, - environmental%20door

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La firme Norma-Reiden SA propose [...] des portes en bois indigène [...] C'est la seule fabrique de portes de Suisse dont les produits sont entièrement exempts de bois tropicaux. [...] le traitement des portes est effectué à l'aide d'aldéhyde formique et d'autres substances chimiques non toxiques; des essais sont également en cours avec des produits de recyclage. [...] Nous sommes convaincus qu'il est nécessaire et possible de produire en ménageant l'environnement. Par cette démarche écologique, nous espérions aussi occuper un créneau encore libre [...] Vous vendez [...] vos portes écologiques à des prix réduits? Oui.  1, fiche 11, Français, - porte%20%C3%A9cologique

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir les fiches «écoproduit» et «certification environnementale».  2, fiche 11, Français, - porte%20%C3%A9cologique

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

German piano finishers and others used this technique for final polishing. Take sulfuric acid and add it to water(1 part to 10 parts water).... Sprinkle Vienna chalk(a nasty feeling and smelling fine grit compound) on the work piece. Pour some of the acid solution into the palm of the hand and rub the solution and chalk onto your workpiece creating a paste, which when dried can be wiped off.  2, fiche 12, Anglais, - Vienna%20chalk

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Cleaning of Optics. This includes the output window and rear mirror. ... Polishing with Vienna chalk. ... Do not use Vienna chalk with coated optics. To use Vienna chalk, lay down some tissues and put about half a teaspoon of the powder on the tissues. Add a few drops of water or alcohol and mix to form a slurry.Place the face to be cleaned on the slurry and polish with a gentle circular motion.  3, fiche 12, Anglais, - Vienna%20chalk

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans le finissage des métaux, notre Calcinella [marque de commerce], connue aussi comme «chaux de Vienne», est absolument irremplaçable : elle produit une boue légèrement abrasive et très dense qui garantit l'ablation de toutes imperfections dans le polissage des billes des paliers à roulement.  2, fiche 12, Français, - chaux%20de%20Vienne

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Pour les instruments argentés mats ... il faut utiliser de la chaux de Vienne mélangée avec de l'alcool à brûler, en faire une pâte un peu claire.  3, fiche 12, Français, - chaux%20de%20Vienne

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Poudres de polissage. [...] Magnésie, oxyde de magnésium carbonisé. [...] Chaux de Vienne.  4, fiche 12, Français, - chaux%20de%20Vienne

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In cases where the accommodation is being replaced, the exercise of an early termination right is subject to obtaining project approval(eigther LPA [Lease Project Approval] or Effective Project Approval(EPA)) for the alternative solution. Accordingly, approval to terminate a lease early will form part of the approval process to implement the alternative accommodation solution. An IAR [Investment Analysis Report] will be required to support the LPA or EPA for the alternative accommodation. Any costs associated with exercising the right of early termination would necessarily be incorporated into the Present Value Cost of Accommodation(PVCOA) calculations in the IAR supporting the alternative solution.  2, fiche 13, Anglais, - alternative%20accommodation

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are three different types of foam proportioners commonly used in the fire service : line eductors, balanced pressure proportioners, and around-the-pump proportioners. The line eductor is the simplest and least expensive proportioning device. It has no moving parts in the water way, which makes it durable and dependable. The line eductor may be attached to the hoseline or may be part of the nozzle. There are two different types of line eductors : the in-line eductor and the self-educting nozzle. Both types of eductors use the venturi principle to draft foam concentrate into the water stream. As water at high pressure passes over a reduced opening, it creates a low-pressure area near the outlet side of the eductor. This low-pressure area creates a suction effect. The eductor pickup tube is connected to the eductor at this low-pressure point. The pickup tube submerged in the foam concentrate draws concentrate into the water stream, creating a foam water solution.  1, fiche 14, Anglais, - line%20eductor

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Foam Concentrate Proportioners. In order that a predetermined volume of liquid foam concentrate may be taken from its source and placed into a water stream to form a foam solution of fixed concentration, the following two general method classifications are made: 1. Methods which utilize the pressure energy of the water stream by venturi action and orifices to induct concentrate. ... 2. Methods which utilize external pumps or pressure heads to inject concentrate into the water stream at a fixed ratio to flow.  2, fiche 14, Anglais, - line%20eductor

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Removal of suspended particulate material from a solution. It may be a necessary part of either pre-or post-fermentation processing of feed solutions or product streams : for example, where byproducts of food processing, such as molasses, are used as feed... Removal of particulate material may be necessary to reduce the solids load passing through the system, in order to reduce fouling of heat exchangers in particular, to increase the purity of the final product, to remove potential inhibitory materials or to recover a desired product.  2, fiche 15, Anglais, - clarification

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The methods of clarification include gravity sedimentation, centrifugal sedimentation, filtration, and magnetic separation. Clarification differs from other applications of these mechanical separation techniques by the low solid content of the suspension to be clarified (usually less than 0.2%) and the substantial completion of the particle removal.  3, fiche 15, Anglais, - clarification

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Opération consistant à rendre limpide un liquide qui contient des particules en suspension. (Pour ce faire, on utilise la filtration, la fermentation, la chaleur, des résines échangeuses d'ions, des matières englobantes ou adsorbantes.)  2, fiche 15, Français, - clarification

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of lignocellulosics fractionation steam treatment which is based on a thermomechanical approach.  2, fiche 16, Anglais, - thermomechanical%20steam%20treatment

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Thermomechanical steam treatment(TM-V). The defibrillation is accomplished by a short time steam treatment followed by a flash decompression. This process was patented by Mason(1928) and has constituted the technological basis for the production of a wide range of fiberboards. In the 1970's, the potential of this technique as a defibration and fractionation process was fully realized. Pilot and industrial installations derived from this technology are known under the generic name of "steam explosion methods"... The TM-V processes literally force the destructuring and eventual disintegration of the lignocellulosic wall structure. The hemicelluloses and a small part of the lignin can be extracted by hot water washing. The residue of this operation can be further extracted with an alkaline solution or with organic solvents in order to solubilize the lignin which can then be recovered by precipitation. Cellulose is obtained as the solid residue after the lignin extraction.  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - thermomechanical%20steam%20treatment

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procédé de fractionnement des matières lignocellulosiques à l'aide d'un traitement à la vapeur.  2, fiche 16, Français, - traitement%20thermom%C3%A9canique%20%C3%A0%20la%20vapeur

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Traitement thermomécanique à la vapeur (TM-V). La défibration est accomplie par un traitement de courte durée, en présence de vapeur, et suivie d'une décompression flash. En fait, ce procédé a été mis au point par Mason (1931) et a constitué la technologie de base pour la fabrication d'une vaste gamme de panneaux agglomérés. Au cours des années 70, le potentiel de cette technique comme moyen de défibrer et de fractionner a été réalisé. Des installations pilotes et industrielles issues de cette technologie sont connues sous le nom générique de «méthodes explosives à la vapeur» [...]. Les procédés TM-V forcent la désagrégation des matières lignocellulosiques. Par lavage à l'eau, les hémicelluloses et une partie de la lignine sont solubilisées. Le résidu de ce lavage peut être extrait par la suite avec une solution alcaline ou avec des solvants organiques, afin de solubiliser la lignine, qui est ensuite précipitée et récupérée. La cellulose est obtenue comme le résidu solide provenant de l'extraction de la lignine.  1, fiche 16, Français, - traitement%20thermom%C3%A9canique%20%C3%A0%20la%20vapeur

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The number of reactant molecular entities that are involved in the microscopic chemical event constituting an elementary reaction.(For reactions in solution this number is always taken to exclude molecular entities that form part of the medium and which are involved solely by virtue of their solvation of solutes). A reaction with a molecularity of one is called unimolecular, on with a molecularity of two bimolecular and of three termolecular. The molecularity of a reaction is also the number of reactant particles present in the transition state. The term molecularity should not be applied to a composite reaction, even if there is a clearly-identified rate-determining step.  2, fiche 17, Anglais, - bimolecular

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[On appelle molécularité] le nombre d'entités moléculaires réactionnelles intervenant dans l'«acte chimique microscopique» correspondant à une réaction élémentaire (pour des réactions en solution, ce nombre n'inclut pas les entités moléculaires appartenant au milieu et n'intervenant que par la solvatation des solutés). Les réactions de molécularité un, deux ou trois sont respectivement qualifiées d'«unimoléculaire», de «bimoléculaire», ou de «trimoléculaire». La molécularité d'une réaction peut aussi être définie en fonction du nombre de particules impliquées dans l'état de transition. On ne doit toutefois pas utiliser le terme molécularité pour les réactions composées, même si elles impliquent une étape cinétiquement déterminante bien définie.  1, fiche 17, Français, - bimol%C3%A9culaire

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The moistening of a printing plate on an offset press.  2, fiche 18, Anglais, - dampening

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lithography is based on the principle that grease and water do not mix. When ink rollers come in contact with the printing plate, its surface must be kept moist enough to prevent the ink from adhering to the part of the plate that has no image. The water solution is carried from the water pan to the plate by a roller partially immersed in the pan and then to damping rollers, which moisten the plate.  2, fiche 18, Anglais, - dampening

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Action d'entretenir l'humidité des zones non imprimantes sur la plaque offset au cours du tirage.  2, fiche 18, Français, - mouillage

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Le rôle du mouillage] est d'alimenter régulièrement en liquide la plaque offset, mais aussi de doser et de répartir correctement celui-ci du début jusqu'à la fin du tirage.  3, fiche 18, Français, - mouillage

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Methods that use vision to locate a workpiece and the sites on it suitable for gripping have been reported by Birk, Kelley, and Wilson. The proposed three approaches, each of which utilizes two distinct phases called the instruction phase and the execution phase.... An approach called "heuristic acquisition" uses rules based on a priori knowledge of the workpiece and its hold sites. Here, the instruction phase consists of testing different heuristics for acquiring a part, such as "look for the hole that is large enough to insert a finger into" or "find a flat surface large enough to accommodate the cup on a SAVG". During execution, the image of the workpiece is examined to satisfy the heuristics for that part, and the robot proceeds. Since a heuristic does not guarantee that there is a solution, safety mechanisms such as contact sensors must be included to protect both the robot and the part from damage.  1, fiche 19, Anglais, - heuristic%20acquisition

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Contrast with appearance acquisition.  1, fiche 19, Anglais, - heuristic%20acquisition

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir acquisition de connaissance, acquisition de traits visibles, heuristique.  1, fiche 19, Français, - acquisition%20heuristique

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Constraint which captures the notion that a clause can only be part of the solution if all of its fragments have viable bindings.  1, fiche 20, Anglais, - clause%20constraint

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Incident method technique : A brief outline of a particular incident requiring action on the part of the candidate would be presented and the candidate would be required to elicit more information about the incident or situation from the selection board in order to devise a reasonable solution.  1, fiche 21, Anglais, - incident%20method%20technique

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Une des méthodes utilisées dans le cadre des méthodes d'appréciation du personnel par simulation (A.P.S.), particulièrement lors du recrutement du personnel.  2, fiche 21, Français, - m%C3%A9thode%20d%27analyse%20des%20incidents%20critiques

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Espagnol