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Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A bulletin issued by [local forecast] offices to alert the public to expected formation of thin ice on plants, trees, etc., when temperatures are expected to drop to between 30°F and 40°F. Since air temperature sensors are located 5 feet above ground level, frost will often occur when air temperature sensors indicate about 36°F. A bulletin may be issued indicating "Scattered Frost" or "Frost in low lying areas".  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - frost%20warning

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Frost describes the formation of thin ice crystals on the ground or other surfaces in the form of scales, needles, feathers, or fans. Frost develops under conditions similar to dew, except the temperatures of the Earth’s surface and earthbound objects falls below 32°F. As with the term "freeze," this condition is primarily significant during the growing season. If a frost period is sufficiently severe to end the growing season or delay its beginning, it is commonly referred to as a "killing frost." Because frost is primarily an event that occurs as the result of radiational cooling, it can occur with standard observing level temperature (at 5 feet above ground) in the mid to upper 30’s.  4, fiche 1, Anglais, - frost%20warning

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

In consulted sources, "frost warning" and "frost advisory" are defined in the same manner. However, Environment Canada differentiates a "warning" from an "advisory": "A weather advisory is issued when forecast conditions are expected to cause general inconvenience or concern, and do not pose a serious enough threat to issue a weather warning. An advisory will often precede a warning."  5, fiche 1, Anglais, - frost%20warning

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Avis diffusé par les Services de météorologie lorsqu'ils prévoient que la température de l'air tombera à 2 °C ou moins pendant la saison de croissance des végétaux, qui s'étend du 15 mai au 15 octobre environ.  3, fiche 1, Français, - avertissement%20de%20gel

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Avertissement; avis météorologique. [...] Cette procédure d'alerte est adoptée lorsque l'événement météorologique en cause est susceptible d'avoir de graves incidences sur la sécurité des personnes ou la conservation des biens. C'est le cas des avis de tempête diffusés aux marins ou des avis de gel transmis aux agriculteurs. Les moyens de diffusion mis en œuvre peuvent être très divers : télex, radiodiffusion, télévision, répondeurs téléphoniques, télématique (Minitel).  4, fiche 1, Français, - avertissement%20de%20gel

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans certaines sources consultées, les termes «avertissement de gel» et «avis de gel» décrivent la même notion. Selon Environnement Canada l'«avertissement» décrit «des conditions météorologiques pouvant menacer la vie, les biens et le bien-être des gens». L'«avis» précède l'«avertissement». De façon générale, «warning» se traduit par «avertissement» et «advisory» par «avis».  3, fiche 1, Français, - avertissement%20de%20gel

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sea ice of not more than one winter’s growth, developing from young ice; 30 cm or greater.  3, fiche 2, Anglais, - first%2Dyear%20ice

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It may be subdivided into thin first-year ice(sometimes referred to as white ice), medium first-year ice and thick first-year ice.  3, fiche 2, Anglais, - first%2Dyear%20ice

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Glace ayant au plus un hiver de croissance, provenant de jeune glace et dont l’épaisseur est d’au moins 30 cm.  3, fiche 2, Français, - glace%20de%20premi%C3%A8re%20ann%C3%A9e

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On peut la diviser en glace mince de première année (nommée parfois glace blanche), en glace moyenne de première année et en glace épaisse de première année.  3, fiche 2, Français, - glace%20de%20premi%C3%A8re%20ann%C3%A9e

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La terminologie relative aux glaces flottantes adoptée par les ministères fédéraux de l'Environnement et des Transports est celle préconisée par l'Organisation météorologique mondiale (OMM).  4, fiche 2, Français, - glace%20de%20premi%C3%A8re%20ann%C3%A9e

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Streaks or wisps of precipitation, such as water or ice particles, that fall from clouds but evaporate before reaching the ground.  6, fiche 3, Anglais, - virga

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Virga is frequently seen trailing from altocumulus and altostratus clouds, but also is discernible below the bases of high-level cumuliform clouds from which precipitation is falling into a dry subcloud layer. It typically exhibits a hooked form in which the streaks descend nearly vertically just under the precipitation source but appear to be almost horizontal at their lower extremities. Such curvature of virga can be produced simply by effects of strong vertical wind shear, but ordinarily it results from the fact that droplet or crystal evaporation decreases the particle terminal fall velocity near the ends of the streaks. Under some conditions, virga are associated with dry microbursts, which are formed as a product of the evaporation.  7, fiche 3, Anglais, - virga

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

They are actually altocumulus clouds from which precipitation is falling. Such trails of water droplets or ice particles are called virgae (or sometimes fallstreaks) and, by definition, do not reach the ground.  8, fiche 3, Anglais, - virga

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

virga. From a distance, the event sometimes may be mistaken for a funnel cloud or tornado.  6, fiche 3, Anglais, - virga

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

virga. This supplementary feature occurs mostly with Cirrocumulus, Altocumulus, Altostratus, Nimbostratus, Stratocumulus, Cumulus and Cumulonimbus.  9, fiche 3, Anglais, - virga

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 3 OBS

In the consulted sources, plural of "virga" is "virga" or "virgae".  10, fiche 3, Anglais, - virga

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Some authors consider "fall streaks" and "fallstreaks" as synonyms of "virga". Compare "fall streaks".  10, fiche 3, Anglais, - virga

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 5 OBS

Fall streaks are the wisps that can sometimes be seen falling below high, thin cirrus clouds. They are ice crystals that fall out of the cloud but evaporate as they fall into drier air below. Fall streaks are analogous to another phenomenon known as "virga, "which is rain falling from lower clouds and evaporating before it reaches the ground.  11, fiche 3, Anglais, - virga

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Virga of altocumulus, cirrocumulus, rain, snow.  10, fiche 3, Anglais, - virga

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Traînées de précipitations [pluie, neige ou cristaux de glace], verticales ou obliques, attenantes à la base d'un nuage et n'atteignant pas la surface terrestre.  4, fiche 3, Français, - virga

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tant que les gouttelettes, ou les cristaux de glace sont petits, ils restent dans le nuage. Mais leur coalescence conduit à leur chute sous l'effet de la pesanteur. Parfois la précipitation n'atteint pas le sol, l'eau s'évapore en altitude et sous le nuage se distingue une sorte de frange appelée virga.  5, fiche 3, Français, - virga

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Altocumulus castellanus. Des filaments de neige en chute apparaissent sous la base de ces nuages, mais la précipitation (appelée virga) n'atteint pas le sol puisqu'elle s'évapore avant. Le virga est composé de cristaux de glace et de flocons de neige.  6, fiche 3, Français, - virga

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette particularité supplémentaire se présente, le plus souvent, avec les Cirrocumulus, Altocumulus, Altostratus, Nimbostratus, Stratocumulus, Cumulus et Cumulonimbus.  4, fiche 3, Français, - virga

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Estelas de precipitación, verticales u oblicuas, unidas a la superficie inferior de una nube, que no llegan a la superficie de la Tierra.  2, fiche 3, Espagnol, - virga

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Esta particularidad suplementaria se observa principalmente en los Cirrocumulus, Altocumulus, Altostratus, Nimbostratus, Stratocumulus, Cumulus y Cumulonimbus.  2, fiche 3, Espagnol, - virga

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

fall streaks : ... falling ice crystals that evaporate before reaching the ground.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - fall%20streak

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fall streaks form when snowflakes and ice crystals fall from cirrus clouds. The change in wind with height and how quickly these ice crystals fall determine the shapes and sizes the fall streaks attain. Since ice crystals fall much more slowly than raindrops, fall streaks tend to be stretched out horizontally as well as vertically. Cirrus streaks may be nearly straight, shaped like a comma, or seemingly all tangled together. Similar to fall streaks is virga, which appears as streamers suspended in the air beneath the base of precipitating clouds.  4, fiche 4, Anglais, - fall%20streak

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A Fall streaks are the wisps that can sometimes be seen falling below high, thin cirrus clouds. They are ice crystals that fall out of the cloud but evaporate as they fall into drier air below. Fall streaks are analogous to another phenomenon known as "virga, "which is rain falling from lower clouds and evaporating before it reaches the ground.  5, fiche 4, Anglais, - fall%20streak

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fallstreak; fall streak: terms usually used in the plural (fallstreaks; fall streaks).  6, fiche 4, Anglais, - fall%20streak

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cirrus (Ci). Traînées filamenteuses de délicats nuages blancs formés de cristaux de glace et qui ressortent sur le bleu du ciel. Ils peuvent avoir de nombreuses formes : celles de flocons isolés, de panaches en forme de plumes ou de traînées de cristaux de glace en chute dans la direction des vents. [...] Le cirrus est un nuage générateur de précipitations, mais celles-ci s'évaporent avant d'atteindre le sol.  2, fiche 4, Français, - tra%C3%AEn%C3%A9e%20de%20cristaux%20de%20glace

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

traînée de cristaux de glace : terme fréquemment utilisé au pluriel (traînées de cristaux de glace).  3, fiche 4, Français, - tra%C3%AEn%C3%A9e%20de%20cristaux%20de%20glace

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Borium consists of tungsten carbide chunks in a brass matrix.... The borium should be applied in a thin single layer(not more than 1/8” thick) for the main purpose of protecting the shoe from wear.... Borium is also very effective for riding on ice and other slick surfaces such as parking lots coated with blacktop sealer! Because borium affords the shoe some traction, it is advisable that a horse not used to borium shoes be ridden on soft surfaces before riding on hard, unforgiving surfaces so as not to cause leg injuries.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - borium

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

This same shoe, properly coated with borium, will last one year of pavement travel!  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - borium

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Corps simple, métalloïde dur et noirâtre, se rapprochant du carbone.  2, fiche 5, Français, - bore

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Acero soldado al canal de la herradura para mejorar agarre.  2, fiche 5, Espagnol, - borio

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Circular halo, with radius of 46°, much less common and always less bright than the small halo. It comprises a faintly luminous ring centred on the Sun or Moon.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - large%20halo

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Haloes are caused by reflection and refraction of light frm the sun or moon by ice crystals in the atmosphere. They may take the form of rings, arcs, pillars or bright spots. The type of halo formed can give information about the type of ice crystals present. Haloes may also be seen in midlatitudes and are normally formed by high, thin clouds.  5, fiche 6, Anglais, - large%20halo

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Halo beaucoup moins fréquent que le petit halo et toujours moins lumineux que lui; il est constitué par un anneau faiblement lumineux centré sur le Soleil ou sur la Lune, ayant un rayon apparent égal à 46°.  2, fiche 6, Français, - grand%20halo

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Halo circular de 46° de radio, mucho menos frecuente y siempre menos luminoso que el halo pequeño. Está formado por un anillo de débil luminosidad de un radio aparente de 46° concéntrico con el Sol o la Luna.  1, fiche 6, Espagnol, - halo%20grande

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Type of glazed frost(e. g. on roads or the superstructures of ships), caused when water falls on a surface that is below freezing temperature. The thin sheet of ice is rather dark in appearance and, unlike white hoar frost or rime, may be hard to see.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - black%20ice

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Glace très mince et presque invisible qui se forme sur la chaussée par condensation de la vapeur d'eau.  1, fiche 7, Français, - glace%20noire

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La glace noire qui se forme sur le tablier des ponts lorsque la température atteint le point de congélation présente de grands risques d'accident.  1, fiche 7, Français, - glace%20noire

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol