TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Canadian criminal law provisions in place at the time of the appeal to the IAD [Immigration Appeal Division] are used to determine the criminal admissibility of the foreign national. Thus persons may become inadmissible or may no longer be inadmissible by virtue of changes to the Criminal Code or other statute occurring after a conviction.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - be%20inadmissible%20on%20grounds%20of%20criminality

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les dispositions du droit pénal canadien en vigueur au moment où l'appel est interjeté à la SAI [Section d'appel de l'immigration] doivent servir à déterminer si un étranger est interdit de territoire pour criminalité. Les personnes peuvent donc devenir interdites de territoire ou ne plus l'être si des changements sont apportés au Code criminel ou à d'autres lois après une déclaration de culpabilité.  3, fiche 1, Français, - %C3%AAtre%20interdit%20de%20territoire%20pour%20criminalit%C3%A9

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the role of intelligence analysts has become increasingly vital in safeguarding national security, protecting public safety and informing strategic decision-making. These professionals are tasked with gathering, analyzing and interpreting vast amounts of information to provide actionable insights for government agencies, law enforcement, military organizations and private sector employers.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - intelligence%20analyst

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La mission de l'analyste du renseignement est de mettre en œuvre les processus d'exploitation et d'analyse du renseignement en interprétant les informations recueillies pour en faire du renseignement exploitable.  2, fiche 2, Français, - analyste%20du%20renseignement

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A special word or phrase used in relation to a particular subject or activity.  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - term%20of%20art

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The development of terms of art is of the essence of legal development, and the common law could never have become a distinct body of law without its distinct language—a terminology different from that of ancient Rome—in which to express its concepts.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - term%20of%20art

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la plupart des termes légaux anglais sont d'origine française, mais leur sens légal est purement anglais puisqu'il résulte de la conversion de mots ordinaires en termes techniques utilisés par des avocats bilingues se servant du français uniquement à des fins professionnelles.  2, fiche 3, Français, - terme%20technique

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Reserve Force Act: short title.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - Reserve%20Force%20Act

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

This bill did not become law.  4, fiche 4, Anglais, - Reserve%20Force%20Act

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Loi sur la force de réserve : titre abrégé.  2, fiche 4, Français, - Loi%20sur%20la%20force%20de%20r%C3%A9serve

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Projet de loi qui n'est pas devenu loi.  2, fiche 4, Français, - Loi%20sur%20la%20force%20de%20r%C3%A9serve

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the equality of all persons regardless of sex, race, religion, or ethnic background has become a "general principle of law. "  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - general%20principle%20of%20law

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

general legal principle: terminology related to the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) negotiating process.  4, fiche 5, Anglais, - general%20principle%20of%20law

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... l'égalité de toutes les personnes sans égard au sexe, à la race, à la religion ou à l'horizon ethnique constitue maintenant un «principe général de droit».  2, fiche 5, Français, - principe%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral%20de%20droit

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

principe général de droit : terminologie du processus d'établissement de la Zone de libre-échange des Amériques (ZLEA).  3, fiche 5, Français, - principe%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral%20de%20droit

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

principios generales del derecho: Principios de derecho natural consistentes en un conjunto de verdades jurídicas establecidas universalmente por la recta razón (doctrina iusnaturalista).  2, fiche 5, Espagnol, - principio%20general%20del%20derecho

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

principio general del derecho: designación utilizada generalmente en plural.  3, fiche 5, Espagnol, - principio%20general%20del%20derecho

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

principio general del derecho: terminología relacionada con el proceso de establecimiento del Área de Libre Comercio de las Américas (ALCA).  4, fiche 5, Espagnol, - principio%20general%20del%20derecho

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

McGill University has now established a transcultural center for bioethics in law and medicine and it is planned that the clinical ethicist of the hospital will become a member of the center...  3, fiche 6, Anglais, - ethicist

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Genetic ethicist.  4, fiche 6, Anglais, - ethicist

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Biomedical ethicist.  4, fiche 6, Anglais, - ethicist

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Spécialiste des sciences morales.  2, fiche 6, Français, - %C3%A9thicien

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le comité de bioéthique de Notre-Dame de la Merci vient de publier un document [auquel ont participé] un théologien, une avocate, un éthicien et une représentante des soins infirmiers.  1, fiche 6, Français, - %C3%A9thicien

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le mot «moraliste» est vieilli en ce sens. Il est surtout utilisé de nos jours en littérature pour désigner un écrivain qui réfléchit sur les mœurs et les comportements humains.  2, fiche 6, Français, - %C3%A9thicien

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the term "state of technology"(a standard term used in licences) is a dynamic concept and both the availability and the economic feasibility of the technology become issues. Dr. Rainer HAMM(Rechtsanwalt)(defence attorney) commented that there is a sensitive major tax on waste water. Those who have a licence to use a river to pollute have to pay a fee depending on the degree of pollution. The waste water effluent fees are quite effective to minimize pollution.... Large corporations also have high incentive to develop technology. It is they who develop technology. While universities can and do develop standards, they cannot build technology and compare standards. That can only be done by industry itself. Thus it is the industry which makes the law by defining the standards of technology. They are motivated to do so by the new device, popular in the United States, known as "technology forcing. "Dr. HAMM was however sceptical of using criminal law to pursue dynamic concepts. If you include a state of technology that can change any time and then punish someone for not having fulfilled the state of technology, then you blur the distinction between what is criminal and what is not criminal.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - technology%20forcing

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... technology forcing (i.e. development of more cost-effective approaches in response to regulations); ...  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - technology%20forcing

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

technology forcing: This expression (hyphenated) is also used as an adjective, as in "technology-forcing emission limits," "technology-forcing regulations," "technology-forcing standards."  4, fiche 7, Anglais, - technology%20forcing

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] forçage de la technologie (c.-à-d. élaboration d'approches plus rentables en réaction aux règlements); [...]  2, fiche 7, Français, - for%C3%A7age%20technologique

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les exigences fédérales américaines sont en place depuis 1998. Par conséquent, la reformulation des produits permettant de se conformer aux limites de contenu ne devrait pas constituer un forçage technologique.  1, fiche 7, Français, - for%C3%A7age%20technologique

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

forçage : Le fait de soumettre (quelqu'un) à une pression, à une contrainte.  3, fiche 7, Français, - for%C3%A7age%20technologique

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Assume that A was seized of the fee simple estate in Blackacre, and that A's heir, C, was an infant aged ten years. At common law, upon the death of A, the fee simple estate would pass, by inheritance, to C. As C was an infant, the land would go into wardship and with the land also would go the child. Blackacre would become subject to the onerous feudal incidents of wardship and marriage and, as a result, financial havoc could be wrought upon A's family. To avoid this result, A would make the following disposition of Blackacre by way of a use : A would be the "feoffor to uses", B the "feoffee to uses", and C the "cestui que use". B would undertake to hold the fee simple estate to the use of A until his death and, thereafter, to the use of C, A's heir.  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - feoffor%20to%20uses

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

feoffor to uses : a historical term.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - feoffor%20to%20uses

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fieffant à usage d'autrui; fieffante à usage d'autrui : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 8, Français, - fieffant%20%C3%A0%20usage%20d%27autrui

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the "law of substitution" : The scarcer a good, the greater its relative substitution value; its marginal utility rises relative to the marginal utility of the good that has become plentiful.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - law%20of%20substitution

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Under the present law if the accused takes the stand in his own defence he can be questioned about any previous convictions. Since such evidence si very prejudicial, many accused persons understandably choose not to take the stand. Under those circumstances, comment by the judge or prosecution about the accused's not taking the stand would be unfair. Generally, section 64(2) would permit the accused to take the stand without fear that his previous convictions would become known to the trier of fact.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - take%20the%20stand

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le droit actuel permet d'interroger au sujet de son casier judiciaire le prévenu qui rend témoignage au cours de sa défense. En raison du tort que cette preuve risque de leur occasionner, nombre d'accusés préfèrent ne pas témoigner, ce qui se comprend sans peine. Il serait injuste dans ce cas, de permettre au juge ou à la poursuite de commenter leur abstention de rendre témoignage. Or, l'article 64(2) du présent Code reconnaît au prévenu le droit de déposer au cours de sa défense, sans avoir à craindre que l'arbitre des faits ne soit mis au courant de ses condamantions antérieures.  1, fiche 10, Français, - rendre%20t%C3%A9moignage

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a chattel which has been so annexed to land as to become in the eye of the law part of the realty.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - fixture

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The word [fixture] is, however, unfortunately an ambiguous one, owing to the fact that it is frequently used to describe not only an article which becomes irrevocably the property of the owner of the soil as soon as it is annexed thereto, but also one which, although it has been annexed by one person to the land of another, is nevertheless lawfully removable by the person who annexed it. [8 C.E.D. (Ont., 2nd) p. 355].  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - fixture

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

accessoire fixe : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 11, Français, - accessoire%20fixe

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Those interests in land designated as "real property" are also referred to as "freehold interests. "When any such freehold interest is or may become possessory it is a "freehold estate. "["Restatement of the Law of Property, "p. 22].  1, fiche 12, Anglais, - freehold%20interest

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Freehold ... is applied to interests in land in two senses, either to denote the quality of an estate, or to denote the tenure by which the land is held. (Jowitt’s, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 834)  1, fiche 12, Anglais, - freehold%20interest

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

intérêt franc : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 12, Français, - int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt%20franc

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A revocable declaration, made in the prescribed form, of the intentions of the maker concerning the disposition and devolution of his property, and other matters which he desires should become effective on and after the event of his death.(Curzon, "A Dictionary of Law", 1979)  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - will

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the strict sense of the word, a will includes all testamentary dispositions by the testator in force at the time of his death; but in practice "will" signifies a testamentary document which is in form complete in itself, while additional or supplementary dispositions are called codicils. (Jowitt, p. 1900)  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - will

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le syntagme verbal "make a will" peut se rendre en français par «tester, faire un testament». Il arrive occasionnellement que le mot "will" soit employé dans son sens courant original, également pertinent en droit successoral, celui de «volonté» (du testateur), comme dans l'expression «dernières volontés».  1, fiche 13, Français, - testament

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

testament : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 13, Français, - testament

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An expectation recognized in law as an estate or interest, such as occurs in executory devises and shifting or springing uses. (Black’s, 5th ed., 1979, p. 1049).  1, fiche 14, Anglais, - possibility%20coupled%20with%20an%20interest

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At common law, a contingent remainder was regarded merely as a possibility, albeit a possibility coupled with an interest. The possibility is that, if the contingency occurs, the contingent remainderman will thereupon become entitled to an estate in land; that is, to a present vested interest.(Mendes da Costa and Balfour, p. 740)  1, fiche 14, Anglais, - possibility%20coupled%20with%20an%20interest

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

possibilité assortie d'un intérêt : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 14, Français, - possibilit%C3%A9%20assortie%20d%27un%20int%C3%A9r%C3%AAt

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A wife's interest in the lands of her husband during his life, which may become a right of dower upon his death. A contingent claim or possibility of acquiring dower by outliving husband and arises, not out of contract, but as an institution of law constituting a mere chose in action incapable of transfer by separate grant but susceptible of extinguishment, which is effected by wife joining with husband in deed, which operates as release or satisfaction of interest and not as conveyance.(Black, 5th ed., 1979, p. 686).  1, fiche 15, Anglais, - inchoate%20dower

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

douaire virtuel : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 15, Français, - douaire%20virtuel

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The doctrine of accession has been recognized from a very early date; it was recognized by the civil law, from which the rules and principles now recognized were principally derived, and was later introduced into the common law of England, and has since become a recognized part of the jurisprudence of the United States.("Corpus Juris Secundum", Vol. 1, 406)  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - doctrine%20of%20accession

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

doctrine de l'accession : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 16, Français, - doctrine%20de%20l%27accession

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The numbered divisions of a bill presented to Parliament which, if the bill is passed, become sections of the Act.(Oxford Companion to Law, 1980, p. 229).  2, fiche 17, Anglais, - clause

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Acception générique. En rédaction législative «clause» peut aussi se rendre, selon le contexte, par «article» ou «division».  2, fiche 17, Français, - disposition

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

disposition : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, fiche 17, Français, - disposition

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the United Kingdom the Royal Assent is the final step required for a parliamentary bill to become law. Once a bill is presented to the Sovereign or the Sovereign's representative, he or she has three formal options.  2, fiche 18, Anglais, - assented%20law

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une fois entrée en vigueur, la loi promulguée et publiée nécessite encore souvent des mesures d’application pour faire sentir ses effets.  2, fiche 18, Français, - loi%20sanctionn%C3%A9e

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Promulguer : effectuer la promulgation d'une loi. Promulgation. Acte par lequel le chef de l'État constate qu'une loi a été régulièrement adoptée par le Parlement et la rend applicable.  3, fiche 18, Français, - loi%20sanctionn%C3%A9e

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When a person entitled to letters of administration is of unsound mind(or is physically infirm due to illness), or has become insane or physically infirm after a grant to him, a limited grant known as administration "durante corporis aut animi vitio" may be made until the person... recovers.(Feeney, The Canadian Law of Wills, 1982, Vol. 1, p. 167)  1, fiche 19, Anglais, - administration%20durante%20corporis%20aut%20animi%20vitio

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

administration pendant l'incapacité : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 19, Français, - administration%20pendant%20l%27incapacit%C3%A9

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The conformity continuum is guided by these five principles and operates from the assumption that most businesses and their managers prefer to comply with the law rather than to become involved in enforcement proceedings under the legislation.  2, fiche 20, Anglais, - conformity%20continuum

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The continuum can be best understood as a system of compliance and enforcement instruments designed to complement one another and work interdependently toward promoting conformity with the law.  2, fiche 20, Anglais, - conformity%20continuum

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le Continuum d'observation de la loi repose sur ces cinq principes et part de l'hypothèse selon laquelle la plupart des entreprises et leurs dirigeants préfèrent respecter la loi plutôt que de faire l'objet d'examens ou d'enquêtes menés en vertu de la législation.  2, fiche 20, Français, - continuum%20d%27observation%20de%20la%20loi

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En fait, le continuum est un ensemble d'outils complémentaires en matière de conformité et d'application de la loi, outils interdépendants qui visent un même objectif : promouvoir l'observation de la loi.  2, fiche 20, Français, - continuum%20d%27observation%20de%20la%20loi

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The evolution of this fundamental human rights norm began in the nineteenth century and by the beginning of the twentieth century it had already become evident that international prohibitions concerning slavery and the slave trade had attained the status of customary international law.  1, fiche 21, Anglais, - fundamental%20human%20rights%20norm

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La jurisprudence (Hape 2007) prévoit une exception à ce principe dans le cas d’une participation canadienne à des activités d’un État étranger ou de ses représentants qui sont contraires aux obligations internationales du Canada ou aux normes relatives aux droits fondamentaux de la personne.  2, fiche 21, Français, - norme%20relative%20aux%20droits%20fondamentaux%20de%20la%20personne

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Many conflicts are sparked by a failure to protect human rights, and the trauma that results from severe human rights violations often leads to new human rights violations. As conflict intensifies, hatred accumulates and makes restoration of peace more difficult. In order to stop this cycle of violence, states must institute policies aimed at human rights protection. Many believe that the protection of human rights "is essential to the sustainable achievement of the three agreed global priorities of peace, development and democracy. "Respect for human rights has therefore become an integral part of international law and foreign policy. The specific goal of expanding such rights is to "increase safeguards for the dignity of the person. [  1, fiche 22, Anglais, - human%20rights%20protection

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Exportation et développement Canada accorde une grande importance aux droits de la personne et appuie la protection des droits de la personne reconnus internationalement, conformément aux politiques du gouvernement du Canada.  1, fiche 22, Français, - protection%20des%20droits%20de%20la%20personne

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For the past several years federal and provincial officials have been working collaboratively to advance the National Agenda on Organized Crime. Government has made substantial achievements on the public policy and legislation level, while the law enforcement community has become integrated in its efforts to gather information, analyze it and set priorities to more effectively combat organized crime.  2, fiche 23, Anglais, - law%20enforcement%20community

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La communauté d'application de la loi partage des renseignements criminels sur le crime organisé et les crimes graves au Canada au moyen du SARC (Système automatisé de renseignements sur la criminalité).  3, fiche 23, Français, - communaut%C3%A9%20d%27application%20de%20la%20loi

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La collectivité d'application de la loi du Canada travaille en partenariat afin de combattre le crime et le taux de succès a d'ailleurs augmenté depuis la dernière année.  4, fiche 23, Français, - communaut%C3%A9%20d%27application%20de%20la%20loi

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The act of a landlord in ejecting or attempting to eject a tenant from the rented premises, or in refusing to renew a lease, because of the tenant’s complaints or participation in a tenant’s union or in similar activities with which the landlord is not in accord.  2, fiche 24, Anglais, - retaliatory%20eviction

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Retaliatory eviction occurs when a landlord attempts to evict a tenant in response to some(legal) action taken by the tenant. There are of course, countless cases where a landlord and tenant become emotionally and personally upset with each other which may not constitute a clear violation of either the lease or the law.  3, fiche 24, Anglais, - retaliatory%20eviction

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le fait d'expulser un locataire par mesure de représailles pour des actions antérieurement entreprises auxquelles le propriétaire n'était pas d'accord. Cette expression est utilisée pour désigner le non renouvellement de bail de logement d'un locataire par un propriétaire qui veut se venger, en agissant par représailles, suite à des actions de son locataire pour faire respecter ses droits.  1, fiche 24, Français, - expulsion%20%2D%20repr%C3%A9sailles

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

On propose l'emploi de «expulsion-représailles» au lieu de «expulsion aux fins de représailles» parce que l'unité terminologique « expulsion-représailles» paraît plus convenable du point de vue phonétique même si aucun contexte justifie son utilisation.  1, fiche 24, Français, - expulsion%20%2D%20repr%C3%A9sailles

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In our view, the case is more appropriately decided by recourse to an administrative law review than to a constitutional law justification.  1, fiche 25, Anglais, - administrative%20law%20review

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Administrative law review has been designed to scrutinize administrative boards’ decisions. Administrative law review has become a full-fledged branch of the law. Its integrity should be preserved.  1, fiche 25, Anglais, - administrative%20law%20review

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

À notre avis, le litige est résolu de façon plus adéquate en ayant recours aux règles de la révision judiciaire du droit administratif plutôt qu'à celles de la justification constitutionnelle  1, fiche 25, Français, - r%C3%A9vision%20judiciaire%20du%20droit%20administratif

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les règles de la révision judiciaire en droit administratif ont été conçues pour l'examen des décisions des organismes administratifs. La révision judiciaire en droit administratif est maintenant reconnue comme une branche du droit à part entière. Son intégrité devrait être préservée.  1, fiche 25, Français, - r%C3%A9vision%20judiciaire%20du%20droit%20administratif

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The test of scope of consent has become a significant factor in Canadian criminal assault law.  1, fiche 26, Anglais, - test%20of%20scope%20of%20consent

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le critère de l'étendue du consentement est devenu une caractéristique majeure du droit pénal canadien en matière de voies de fait.  1, fiche 26, Français, - crit%C3%A8re%20de%20l%27%C3%A9tendue%20du%20consentement

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Title and abbreviation confirmed by the founder of the Network.  2, fiche 27, Anglais, - Research%20Advocacy%20and%20Information%20Network

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 OBS

As a volunteer not for profit organization established in 1997, RAINET provides cost-free services to disabled clients who have become financially disadvantaged; we provide education and information about chemically/environmentally induced injury/illness, and the means by which prevention can be achieved so that these conditions will ultimately be eliminated; we believe that chemically/environmentally induced injury/illness must become official and recognized disabilities at all levels of government; we believe that all persons who have become disabled must be provided with the protection of the law as enshrined within the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms; we believe that all disabled persons should be provided with the means for accommodation and necessary devices and/or supports; we believe that all persons who have become disabled must be assisted to achieve the highest level of wellness and quality of life; we support and encourage the integrated use of traditional and non-traditional health care modalities.  1, fiche 27, Anglais, - Research%20Advocacy%20and%20Information%20Network

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Appellation et abréviation confirmées par la fondatrice du réseau.  2, fiche 27, Français, - Research%20Advocacy%20and%20Information%20Network

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A doctrine that life is a vital principle distinct from physics and chemistry.  2, fiche 28, Anglais, - vitalism

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Rigid application of the sanctity of life principle has given rise to an approach known as "vitalism. "Vitalism has its supporters in literature, philosophy, religion, law and medicine. For those who support this thesis,(though with important nuances and distinctions), human life is an absolute value in itself and every effort must always be made not only to preserve it but to prolong it and hence to combat death with all available means. Considerations as to the quality of life become secondary and even unimportant. Life in the quantitative sense must be saved, maintained and prolonged because it represents a value in itself.  3, fiche 28, Anglais, - vitalism

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Doctrine d'après laquelle il existe en tout individu un «principe vital» distinct de l'âme pensante comme de la matière.  2, fiche 28, Français, - vitalisme

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des philosophes avaient suggéré que les organismes vivants étaient dotés d'une force vitale, mystérieuse et divine. Mais cette doctrine appelée vitalisme a été rejetée par la science moderne qui cherche des explications rationnelles et par-dessus tout vérifiables aux phénomènes naturels.  3, fiche 28, Français, - vitalisme

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The new law puts the emphasis on what people are still to do instead of what they have become unable to do. The law consists of two parts : the law on rehabilitation of partly disabled people(WGA) and the law on income provision for wholly disabled people(IVA).  2, fiche 29, Anglais, - law%20on%20rehabilitation

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le Comité des Ministres [...] recommande aux gouvernements des États membres [...] de fournir un bilan périodique sous forme d'une mise à jour du rapport sur la législation en matière de réadaptation des personnes handicapées [...]  2, fiche 29, Français, - l%C3%A9gislation%20en%20mati%C3%A8re%20de%20r%C3%A9adaptation

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At the request of the interested party, the competent federal body may declare the lapse of a trademark if the proprietor or the persons authorized by him fail, without valid reason, to use on the national market the trademark that distinguishes his goods or services during an uninterrupted period of five years as from the day on which the trademark was entered in the Trademark Register or the day of its last utilization.  2, fiche 30, Anglais, - lapse%20of%20a%20trademark

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Trademarks can lapse by rule of law(e. g. if the registration period has expired), because of another party's claim to the trademark, because of nonuse for five years, or because they have become generic or turned deceptive.  3, fiche 30, Anglais, - lapse%20of%20a%20trademark

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La déchéance d'une marque peut être demandée pour toute appellation non exploitée de manière effective et sérieuse pendant une période de 5 ans.  3, fiche 30, Français, - d%C3%A9ch%C3%A9ance%20d%27une%20marque

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the common law generally has acknowledged that minors gradually acquire rights as they grow older and become capable of discernment.  2, fiche 31, Anglais, - discernment

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La doctrine définit généralement le discernement comme étant l'aptitude de la personne à comprendre la nature, les risques et les conséquences d'une intervention médicale donnée.  2, fiche 31, Français, - discernement

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The doctrine [of equality of States] imports not merely equality at law, but also the capacity for equal legal rights and equal legal duties. The results of the doctrine are seen particularly in the law and practice as to multilateral treaties where generally the rule has prevailed that unanimity is necessary for the adoption of these instruments by States in Conference. [...] To quote one authority «The unanimity rule, conceived as the safeguard of the minority, has, through exaggerating the doctrine of equality, become and instrument of tyranny against the majority».  1, fiche 32, Anglais, - unanimity%20rule

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] the recent trend is towards decisions and voting by a majority, instead of unanimously. This is particularly reflected in voting procedures in the United Nations, the International Labour Organisation, and other bodies.  1, fiche 32, Anglais, - unanimity%20rule

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Règle traditionnellement suivie dans les conférences diplomatiques d'après laquelle, sous réserve de certaines exceptions ou modalités convenues, une proposition ne peut être adoptée que du commun accord de tous les États représentés à la Conférence.  1, fiche 32, Français, - r%C3%A8gle%20de%20l%27unanimit%C3%A9

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Cette] règle [est] maintenue pour les décisions de certains organes internationaux, mais écartée par la Charte des Nations Unies qui y substitue une règle de majorité qualifiée.  1, fiche 32, Français, - r%C3%A8gle%20de%20l%27unanimit%C3%A9

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Frequently treaties of cession have granted the inhabitants of the ceded territory to opt for one or other of the nationalities concerned. Such a right of option would seem to be part of the English law of nationality but there is no customary rule of international law in favour of option.... the Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness 1961 requires States, in the event of ceding territory, to make provision that no person shall become stateless as a result, and for cessinary States to confer their nationality on such persons as would become stateless.  2, fiche 33, Anglais, - right%20of%20option

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

À la différence du plébiscite - consultation collective de la population d'un territoire à céder sur l'État auquel elle désire être rattachée - le droit d'option se présente comme la faculté souvent concédée aux habitants d'un territoire affecté par un changement de souveraineté, de choisir dans un délai déterminé entre la nationalité de l'État cédant et celle de l'État cessionnaire.  1, fiche 33, Français, - droit%20d%27option

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Under a bill introduced yesterday by Tory backbencher Rob Sampson, Ontario could become the first jurisdiction in Canada to enact a "lemon law" that would force automakers to buy back or replace defective new vehicles they aren’t able to fix.(Tuesday, October 22, 2002)  1, fiche 34, Anglais, - lemon%20law

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'Ontario pourrait être la première juridiction au Canada à adopter une «loi anticitron» qui forcerait les fabricants d'automobiles à reprendre ou à remplacer un véhicule qu'ils n'arrivent pas à réparer.  1, fiche 34, Français, - loi%20anticitron

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... there is an urgent need for a legally-constituted law-making body i.e. a World Parliament, for enacting enforceable International Laws that are applicable on all the countries and the peoples of the world.  2, fiche 35, Anglais, - enforceable%20international%20law

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The broad, binding effect of customary international law, coupled with the reality that such law can be created by the simple repetition of language at various UN meetings, raises a vital question :"At what point does a ’nonbinding agreement’ turn into an international agreement, a promise into a unilateral act, fact into custom?"(12) While no precise answer is possible, a general rule can be stated : previously non-binding norms become enforceable international law when(in the capacious words of one scholar) they have been repeated "with sufficient frequency.  3, fiche 35, Anglais, - enforceable%20international%20law

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

droit positif : ensemble des règles de droit en vigueur dans un pays à un moment donné (opposé à droit naturel).  2, fiche 35, Français, - droit%20international%20positif

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[La] Déclaration sur les Règles de droit international humanitaire relatives à la conduite des hostilités dans les conflits armés non internationaux [...] présente les principes et règles que l'Institut international de droit humanitaire, réuni à Taormina le 7 avril 1990, a identifiés en tant que droit international positif ou droit international en formation.  3, fiche 35, Français, - droit%20international%20positif

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[L'expression anglaise «enforceable international law» peut aussi se traduire par l'expression explicative suivante :] règles de droit international assorties de moyens d'en assurer l'application.  4, fiche 35, Français, - droit%20international%20positif

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Normas de derecho internacional con mecanismo de aplicación.  1, fiche 35, Espagnol, - derecho%20internacional%20positivo

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The practice of a state is shown by its acts and attitudes in its international relations with other states. When it becomes clear that each state acts in the same way, or takes up the same attitude to the acts or omissions of other states, the practice is uniform. When there is a repetition of such uniform practice over a period of time, the practice is constant. State practice which is both uniform and constant creates a "usage". Custom requires a "general practice". No precise answer can be given to the question of how general the practice needs to be. So long as a group of states follow the practice, and accept it as law, there is a custom. All customs have begun in the same way, and become of increasingly universal application as more states align their practice to them.  2, fiche 36, Anglais, - practice

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Terme qui, dans les expressions : pratique des États, des organisations internationales, d'un organe international, désigne une manière habituelle d'agir, de procéder, de décider qui ne constitue pas une règle coutumière mais peut contribuer à la création de celle-ci.  2, fiche 36, Français, - pratique

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

With the increasing mobility of the population and the emergence of policies favouring the free flow of goods and services throughout Canada, this gap in the law has become highly inconvenient...  2, fiche 37, Anglais, - gap%20in%20the%20law

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le cas difficile ("hard-case" en anglais) est un litige qui, une fois déféré devant le tribunal, fait apparaître une lacune ou une obscurité dans les termes de la loi [...]  2, fiche 37, Français, - lacune%20de%20la%20loi

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Silencio o vacío legislativo sobre casos o problemas de hecho que no pueden ser subsumidos en una norma legal y que han de suplirse mediante la aplicación análoga de otras leyes, de los principios generales del derecho o de la equidad.  1, fiche 37, Espagnol, - laguna%20de%20la%20Ley

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Guthrie's law of associative inhibition suggests that unfamiliar stimuli evoke a wide range of responses, many of them competitive or incompatible, but that through repetition some of the responses become more dominant, and thus relieve the tension generated by the competing messages. In other words, habituated responses to familiar messages are more "comfortable" and reduce the stress of dealing with inconsistency, an idea that's in line with theories of selective exposure.  1, fiche 38, Anglais, - law%20of%20associative%20inhibition

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In July, for example, astonished e-suppliers from Toronto to Tokyo were left unsure which trade law to turn to, and even who would hear out their complaints, when the European Commission declared that e-consumers would become the first and only Euro-citizens to pay value added tax(VAT) on sales to the EU from abroad.  1, fiche 39, Anglais, - e%2Dsupplier

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En juillet, par exemple, des cyberfournisseurs étonnés, depuis Toronto jusqu'à Tokyo, ont été plongés dans l'incertitude lorsque la Commission européenne a déclaré que les cyberconsommateurs seraient les premiers et seuls eurocitoyens à payer la taxe à la valeur ajouté (TVA) sur l'achat de produits et services étrangers.  1, fiche 39, Français, - cyberfournisseur

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In July, for example, astonished e-suppliers from Toronto to Tokyo were left unsure which trade law to turn to, and even who would hear out their complaints, when the European Commission declared that e-consumers would become the first and only Euro-citizens to pay value added tax(VAT) on sales to the EU from abroad.  1, fiche 40, Anglais, - e%2Dconsumer

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En juillet, par exemple, des cyberfournisseurs étonnés, depuis Toronto jusqu'à Tokyo, ont été plongés dans l'incertitude lorsque la Commission européenne a déclaré que les cyberconsommateurs seraient les premiers et seuls eurocitoyens à payer la taxe à la valeur ajouté (TVA) sur l'achat de produits et services étrangers.  1, fiche 40, Français, - cyberconsommateur

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In July, for example, astonished e-suppliers from Toronto to Tokyo were left unsure which trade law to turn to, and even who would hear out their complaints, when the European Commission declared that e-consumers would become the first and only Euro-citizens to pay value added tax(VAT) on sales to the EU from abroad.  1, fiche 41, Anglais, - Euro%2Dcitizen

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En juillet, par exemple, des cyberfournisseurs étonnés, depuis Toronto jusqu'à Tokyo, ont été plongés dans l'incertitude lorsque la Commission européenne a déclaré que les cyberconsommateurs seraient les premiers et seuls eurocitoyens à payer la taxe à la valeur ajouté (TVA) sur l'achat de produits et services étrangers.  1, fiche 41, Français, - eurocitoyen

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Established in May 1991 in France under UN patronage; autonomous and private association that will become The Banyan Foundation once it has accumulated the equity capital required by French law.  1, fiche 42, Anglais, - Banyan%20Fund%20Association%3A%20A%20World%20Fund%20for%20Ageing

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A new law passed in November 1996 forced the five AFPs [Administradora de Fondos Pensiones] currently in the market(Integra, Horizonte, Nueva Vida, Profuturo and Union) to become more aggressive and generate competition. This newly passed legislation eliminates the maximum rate of real returns and encourages optional discounts on monthly commissions in relation to the time clients have contributed.  1, fiche 43, Anglais, - optional%20discount

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

For the past fifty years, a parent receiving child support has been required to pay income tax deduction for the payments. These tax rules have become a focus of public concern in the past few years. Through the consultations of the Family Law Committee, and the Task Group on the Taxation of Child Support, the government has participated in the public discussion of this issue.  2, fiche 44, Anglais, - Task%20Group%20on%20the%20Tax%20Treatment%20of%20Child%20Support

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Depuis cinquante ans, le parent qui reçoit la pension alimentaire pour enfant est tenu de payer l'impôt sur ce montant aux fins de l'impôt. Depuis quelques années, ces règles sont au centre des préoccupations du public. Le gouvernement a participé au débat public sur cette question par l'entremise des consultations tenues par le Comité du droit de la famille et par le Groupe de travail sur le régime fiscal des pensions alimentaires pour enfants.  2, fiche 44, Français, - Groupe%20de%20travail%20sur%20le%20traitement%20fiscal%20des%20pensions%20alimentaires%20pour%20enfants

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Litigation is also a source of a decision in the 2-5% of cases which go to trial or hearing and which then become part of a body of law that can be used to govern future conduct.  1, fiche 45, Anglais, - body%20of%20law

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A compilation of all emergency orders, regulations and executive directives, drafted and approved by the federal government which, when proclaimed, under the War Measures Act, become law.  1, fiche 46, Anglais, - War%20Book

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Term officially recognized by the Emergency Preparedness Committee.  2, fiche 46, Anglais, - War%20Book

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Recueil de tous les décrets, règlements et directives exécutoires qui ont été établis et sanctionnés par le gouvernement fédéral. Ce recueil a force de loi lors de la mise en vigueur de la Loi sur les mesures de guerre.  1, fiche 46, Français, - Recueil%20des%20mesures%20de%20guerre

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Terme adopté par le comité d'uniformisation de la protection civile.  2, fiche 46, Français, - Recueil%20des%20mesures%20de%20guerre

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The law of diminishing returns : An increase in some inputs relative to other fixe inputs will, in a given state of technology, cause total output to increase : but after a point the extra output resulting from the same additions of extra inputs is likely to become less and less. This falling off of extra returns is a consequence of the fact that the new "doses" of the varying resources have less and less of the fixed resources to work with.  1, fiche 47, Anglais, - extra%20return

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Espagnol