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Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

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... the uprush of water above the stillwater level caused by wave action on a beach or shore barrier.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - wave%20run%2Dup

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Sea ice in the nearshore prevents waves from breaking directly onshore and reduces wave run-up...  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - wave%20run%2Dup

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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La glace marine dans le littoral empêche les vagues de se briser directement sur le rivage et réduit la montée des vagues [...]  2, fiche 1, Français, - mont%C3%A9e%20des%20vagues

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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[A] decrease in the mean water level on a beach due to the effects of waves running up the beach and breaking.  3, fiche 2, Anglais, - wave%20set%2Ddown

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Wave loads result from water waves propagating over the surface of the water and striking a building or structural element. These types of loads are typically separated into four categories : nonbreaking waves, breaking waves, broken waves, and uplift...  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - wave%20load

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Coastal bars(shallow banks formed by the movement of sand and sediments) build up at the seaward entrance [of] coastal rivers and lakes. They cause waves to become steeper and, in some cases breaking as they approach the bar.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - coastal%20sand%20bar

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

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L'action des courants de dérive littorale contribue à modeler ces barres côtières en cordons sablonneux orientés parallèlement à la ligne de rivage.  1, fiche 4, Français, - barre%20c%C3%B4ti%C3%A8re

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Barra costera y dunas actuales, formadas por arenas de origen eólico y dunas antiguas.  1, fiche 4, Espagnol, - barra%20costera

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The breaking waves.  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - surf

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Generally, surf consists of waves that have broken and therefore have air to some degree mixed with the water.  4, fiche 5, Anglais, - surf

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As a rule the beach is an almost level zone sloping towards the sea; it permits surf to run out. [Phytosociology - Braun - Blanquet; Geography - Botany - Scoggan.]  5, fiche 5, Anglais, - surf

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surf: A collective term for breakers.  6, fiche 5, Anglais, - surf

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

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Vagues qui se brisent sur des écueils.  3, fiche 5, Français, - vagues%20d%C3%A9ferlantes

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Par gros temps les vagues déferlent, elles forment des rouleaux d'écume, les déferlantes. Si la mer rencontre un obstacle, on dit qu'elle brise, en formant des brisants.  4, fiche 5, Français, - vagues%20d%C3%A9ferlantes

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Ola que rompe formando espuma.  1, fiche 5, Espagnol, - cach%C3%B3n

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No confundir con rompiente, que es el escollo donde rompen las olas.  2, fiche 5, Espagnol, - cach%C3%B3n

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Communities with a steeper continental shelf will not see as much surge inundation, although large breaking waves can still present major problems.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - surge%20inundation

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The seaward return of water following the rush of water up onto the beach by breaking waves.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - rip%20current

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

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Mouvement de retour vers la mer de masses d'eau poussées sur le rivage par les vagues.  1, fiche 7, Français, - flot%20de%20retour

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Quant à la composante normale à la côte des vitesses des particules, elle diminue graduellement en remontant l'estran, s'annule et s'inverse pour croître vers le bas de la plage où la nappe d'eau du «flot de retour» vient heurter la lame suivante.  1, fiche 7, Français, - flot%20de%20retour

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A wave that has become so steep that the crest of the wave topples forward, moving faster than the main body of the wave.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - breaker

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There are usually three kinds of breaking waves : surging breakers, spilling breakers and plunging breakers.  4, fiche 8, Anglais, - breaker

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

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Vague dont la crête s'effondre avec fracas.  6, fiche 8, Français, - vague%20d%C3%A9ferlante

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La vague déferlante commence par un simple rouleau, grossissant constamment [...]  7, fiche 8, Français, - vague%20d%C3%A9ferlante

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On distingue trois sortes de déferlantes suivant l'intensité du déferlement : [...] déferlement plongeant; [...]; déferlement frontal [...]; déferlement glissant [...]  8, fiche 8, Français, - vague%20d%C3%A9ferlante

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brisant : Terme parfois appliqué aux vagues déferlantes.  9, fiche 8, Français, - vague%20d%C3%A9ferlante

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Multi-scale composite models based on the Bragg theory are widely used to study the normalized radar cross-section(NRCS) over the sea surface. However, these models are not able to reproduce correctly the NRCS in all configurations and wind-wave conditions. We have developed a physical model that takes into account, not only the Bragg mechanism, but also the non-Bragg scattering mechanism associated with wave breaking.... Models of the normalized radar cross-section of the sea-surface(NRCS) at intermediate incidence angles are usually treated as a composite models describing the combined effects of Bragg scattering mechanism(effective for surface ocean waves whose wavelengths are of the order of the electromagnetic wave) and local-titling effects due to longer underlying waves(Plant, 1986, Donelan and Pierson, 1987, Romeiser et al., 1994, Romeiser et Alpers, 1997, Janssen et al., 1998).  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - Bragg%20scattering%20mechanism

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Bragg scattering mechanism: term officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).  4, fiche 9, Anglais, - Bragg%20scattering%20mechanism

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

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En particulier, des divergences par rapport à un mécanisme de Bragg, laissent supposer que la rétrodiffusion spéculaire est plus forte que prévue théoriquement.  2, fiche 9, Français, - m%C3%A9canisme%20de%20Bragg

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mécanisme de Bragg : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR).  3, fiche 9, Français, - m%C3%A9canisme%20de%20Bragg

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Kelvin-Helmholtz wave clouds are formed when there are two parallel layers of air that are usually moving at different speeds and in opposite directions. The upper layer of air usually moves faster than the lower layer because there is less friction. In order for us to see this shear layer, there must be enough water vapor in the air for a cloud to form. Even if clouds are not present to reveal the shear layer, pilots need to be aware of invisible atmospheric phenomenon. ... The Kelvin-Helmholtz wave cloud does not last very long because the upper layer of air is usually drier than the lower layer, which results in evaporation of the cloud.  3, fiche 10, Anglais, - Kelvin%2DHelmholtz%20wave%20cloud

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Cattails below and Kelvin-Helmholtz wave clouds above - the clouds are formed by wind shear and any planes flying nearby would likely feel a few moderate bumps of turbulence.  4, fiche 10, Anglais, - Kelvin%2DHelmholtz%20wave%20cloud

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Another "specialty" cloud is one that can develop due to Kelvin-Helmholtz(K-H) instability waves and subharmonic resonance with other waves in the atmosphere. This can result in an intertwined or spiral cloud pattern... K-H clouds that form in early stages can resemble well-organized waves that appear to be breaking like ocean waves.  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - Kelvin%2DHelmholtz%20wave%20cloud

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

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[...] l'élément intéressant sur cette photo, c'est ce petit cortège de nuages «dédoublés» [...] La forme allongée et plus ou moins enroulée de leur sommet, telle de petites vagues déferlant, est la conséquence d'une différence importante de la force du vent entre deux altitudes très proches. Ainsi les têtes tendent à se détacher des bases, soufflées par un vent plus fort, tout en s'enroulant sur elles-mêmes. Ce phénomène [est] appelé ondes de Kelvin-Helmholtz [...]  2, fiche 10, Français, - nuage%20form%C3%A9%20par%20l%27effet%20des%20ondes%20de%20Kelvin%2DHelmholtz

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

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... Charnock's formula for the atmospheric side makes physically much more sense than for the ocean side. For the atmosphere, one can imagine a wind blowing over roughness elements somehow related to the wave height. This is not quite correct, because waves are constantly moving and changing their shape, but it yields reasonable results. For the ocean side, however, you have breaking waves injecting turbulence into the ocean. So the length-scale of turbulence near the surface is more likely connected to the turbulence spectrum caused by the breaking events, rather than to the wave height. This implies that Charnock's formula lacks a clear physical interpretation. People use it mainly for the lack of better models.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - Charnock%27s%20formula

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Evaluation of LM [Lokal-Modell] wind speed forecast. ... offshore: Charnock formula (wind - wave interaction).  2, fiche 11, Anglais, - Charnock%27s%20formula

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The water roughness model. ... The basis of the model is the well known formula of Charnock (1955) for surface roughness of the sea, stating that roughness increases with increasing wind speed.  3, fiche 11, Anglais, - Charnock%27s%20formula

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

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La formule de Charnock est utilisée pour faire évoluer la longueur de rugosité (uniquement sur océan libre) [...]  1, fiche 11, Français, - formule%20de%20Charnock

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The swell of the sea which breaks upon the shore.  1, fiche 12, Anglais, - surf

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The breaking of the waves along the hard coast.  3, fiche 12, Anglais, - surf

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

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Action [...] des vagues qui se brisent en écume en roulant sur elles-mêmes.  3, fiche 12, Français, - d%C3%A9ferlement

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Les vagues venant du large se transforment en approchant du littoral car la profondeur de l'eau diminue [...] À mesure que s'amincit la lame d'eau, le mouvement de la vague est déformé, l'orbite des particules d'eau s'aplatit progressivement vers le bas si bien que, sur fond, elle est réduite à un mouvement de va-et-vient. La longueur d'onde décroît mais la période reste la même; la vitesse diminue, le flanc de la vague devient plus raide et déferle.  4, fiche 12, Français, - d%C3%A9ferlement

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Seafloor elevation causing the breaking of waves.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - breaker

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Broad Breaker, N.S.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - breaker

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Battery Island Breakers, N.S.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - breaker

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Sallys Wash, N.S.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - breaker

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breaker: Used in the Atlantic Provinces.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - breaker

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wash: Rare; used in N.S.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - breaker

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breaker; wash: terms and definition validated by the Canadian Permanent Committee on Geographical Names (CPCGN) within the scope of its glossary (BT-176) which is the first authoritative publication on generics in use in Canada.  2, fiche 13, Anglais, - breaker

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

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Écueil proche d'une côte sur lequel les vagues se brisent et déferlent.  1, fiche 13, Français, - brisants

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brisant Landry, Québec.  1, fiche 13, Français, - brisants

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Habituellement utilisé au pluriel. Attesté au Québec.  1, fiche 13, Français, - brisants

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brisants : terme et définition uniformisés par le Comité permanent canadien des noms géographiques (CPCNG) dans le cadre du glossaire BT-176 faisant autorité sur la question des génériques en usage au Canada.  2, fiche 13, Français, - brisants

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol