TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[R] efers to the protocol by which handheld and mobile radios communicate with the radio system infrastructure. In modern radio systems this is typically a proprietary format; however the CAI, defined by the Project 25 Standard, makes this an open protocol. This allows different manufacturers’ portable and mobile radios to work together on a single radio system.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - common%20air%20interface

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

CAI : L'acronyme provient du terme anglais «common air interface».  4, fiche 1, Français, - interface%20radio%20commune

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A computer-assisted instruction technique based on the method used in a programmed instruction text. The material presented to the student depends on how the questions asked are answered.  4, fiche 2, Anglais, - frame%2Dbased%20CAI

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By contrast to the conventional, ad hoc frame-oriented CAI, an information-structure-oriented(ISO) CAI system is based on an information network of facts, concepts and procedures; it can generate text, questions, and corresponding answers.  3, fiche 2, Anglais, - frame%2Dbased%20CAI

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... a mixture of the traditional frame-oriented CAI and the modern information-structure oriented CAI....  5, fiche 2, Anglais, - frame%2Dbased%20CAI

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Conventional tutorial CAI systems depend for their operation on the utilization of ad hoc blocks of material, usually called frames, entered in advance by the teacher.  3, fiche 2, Anglais, - frame%2Dbased%20CAI

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The use of the word "frame-oriented" to describe CAI systems ... refers to the prestored instructional units, often called frames, in which CAI encodes lessons prepared by a human expert. There units contain small portions of the curriculum and are successively displayed on the screen for presentation and questions.  6, fiche 2, Anglais, - frame%2Dbased%20CAI

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans la taxinomie de Carbonell (1970), type d'EAO conventionnel axé sur des systèmes dont la base de données est composée de "cadres" ou "schémas" représentant des unités textuelles, de questions et des réponses préprogrammées, anticipées par un enseignant humain. L'EAO à cadres correspond, dans la taxinomie de Hartley et Sleeman (1973), aux systèmes EAO préstructurés.  1, fiche 2, Français, - EAO%20%C3%A0%20cadres%20pr%C3%A9structur%C3%A9s

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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An information-processing or knowledge-communication system designed for educational purposes. One of the earliest taxonomies of such systems(Hartley and Sleeman 1973) distinguishes four classes : conventional CAI or prestructured systems(called AFO, ad hoc frame-oriented systems by Carbonell in 1970) ;generative systems programmed to generate simple tasks by piecing problems(intermediate between conventional and intelligent systems) ;adaptive systems(such as the INTEGRATION tutor, whose domain expertise can be modified or adapted to student needs and characteristics) ;and self-improving(evolutive, truly intelligent) systems able to improve their teaching strategies and refine their knowledge by evaluating their own performance(e. g. the QUADRATIC tutor) [According to source WAITS 1987]  4, fiche 3, Anglais, - computer%2Dbased%20teaching%20system

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Unlike the visions of how learning will be enhanced by computer-based instructors, whether tutors or microworlds, we have a very different view of the role of Logo.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - computer%2Dbased%20teaching%20system

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Two ... aims may be identified in the application of artificial intelligence to education: first, to improve the quality of computer-based teaching systems, thus giving rise to intelligent tutoring systems; second, to provide suitable computational environments to support learning.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - computer%2Dbased%20teaching%20system

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir EAO, EIAO, tutoriel intelligent.  1, fiche 3, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20d%27enseignement%20automatis%C3%A9

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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If the tutoring system is to guide the student in solving problems, the expert module must also generate sensible solution paths so that intermediate steps can be compared. Perhaps most important, it must be able to generate multiple possible solutions paths, rather than just a single one required for CAI models of expertise.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - solution%20path

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... by analysing the shape of the search space and simple syntactic properties of the nodes of the graph ..., it is possible to determine potentially useful features of the space, such as when students tend to abandon a solution path, ... whether the search is in any way systematic, and so on.  4, fiche 4, Anglais, - solution%20path

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This program compromises neatly between the options of trying to ensure that the student follows a recommended pre-stored solution path for each problem, and of allowing him to follow whatever path he wishes.  5, fiche 4, Anglais, - solution%20path

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The effect of this [immediate] feedback procedure is to prevent floundering by keeping students on a correct solution path.  6, fiche 4, Anglais, - solution%20path

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Contrast with solution trace.  7, fiche 4, Anglais, - solution%20path

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

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Voir parcours de raisonnement.  2, fiche 4, Français, - chemin%20de%20solution

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The instructional strategies contain decision logic and rules to guide the tutor’s intervention of the operator’s actions. ... The tutor guides the student, but does not provide a solution as long as the student’s performance appears to be moving closer to a precise goal. ... The instructional strategies are designed to encourage an operator’s generation of hypotheses.  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - teaching%20strategy

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As far as teaching strategies are concerned, all the tutor can do is to give advice according to its own approach probabilities.  4, fiche 5, Anglais, - teaching%20strategy

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Once you go to a more intelligent system [than the conventional CAI system], the teaching strategy... must be a part of the data base, so that the tutor can alter its strategy depending upon the needs of the student.  5, fiche 5, Anglais, - teaching%20strategy

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

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Modes d'enseignement que les enseignants et enseignantes utilisent pour atteindre les objectifs généraux, par exemple l'enseignement direct, l'enseignement indirect, l'apprentissage expérientiel, l'enseignement interactif et l'étude indépendante. [Évaluation de l'élève : manuel de l'enseignant, ministère de l'Éducation de la Saskatchewan, janvier 1993.]  2, fiche 5, Français, - strat%C3%A9gie%20d%27enseignement

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Comparer à stratégie d'apprentissage.  3, fiche 5, Français, - strat%C3%A9gie%20d%27enseignement

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The uniqueness of a computer-assisted instruction system resides in the computer which provides two significant capabilities: a large memory and flexible logic.  3, fiche 6, Anglais, - computer%2Dassisted%20instruction%20system

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The second thing the tutor needs is a teaching strategy. In a conventional computer-assisted instruction system that is easily built in with the frames and the branching between frames. Once you go to a more intelligent system, the teaching strategy itself must be a part of the data base, so that the tutor can alter its strategy depending upon the needs of the student.  4, fiche 6, Anglais, - computer%2Dassisted%20instruction%20system

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Computer-assisted instruction(CAI) system for teaching a variety of subjects have been widely implemented, but many are just automations of drill and practice lessons or, at best, on-line programmed textbooks.  5, fiche 6, Anglais, - computer%2Dassisted%20instruction%20system

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

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Ensemble de ressources informatiques qui ont pour objectifs de permettre à un pédagogue (nommé auteur) d'élaborer d'une part le didacticiel qui gère l'interaction éducative entre l'apprenant et l'auteur via le système, et d'autre part d'exploiter les résultats collectés dans le cadre de cette interaction.  1, fiche 6, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20EAO

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Définition proposée par l'Agence de l'Informatique [CTN, Paris, 1991].  1, fiche 6, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20EAO

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

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In a fully computer-assisted instruction program, the computer takes over from the teacher in providing the learner with drill, practice, and revision, as well as testing and diagnosis. The form of the teaching may be simply linear or branching, or it can be extended to thinking and problem solving by simulation.  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - computer%2Dassisted%20instruction%20program

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Traditional CAI programs are statically organized receptacles structured to embody both the domain and the pedagogical knowledge of expert teachers.  4, fiche 7, Anglais, - computer%2Dassisted%20instruction%20program

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Since structured objects capture patterns among components, and the components do the job of representing more specific information, variations of instructional information such as wall displays, texts, worksheets, overheads, CAI programs, and filmstrips all can be represented by a single structured object, INSTRUCTIONAL INFORMATION.  5, fiche 7, Anglais, - computer%2Dassisted%20instruction%20program

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A CAI program incorporating AI programming methods is often called an "Intelligent Computer-Aided Instruction"(ICAI) program or an "Intelligent Tutoring System "(ITS).  6, fiche 7, Anglais, - computer%2Dassisted%20instruction%20program

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

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Voir fiche "enseignement assisté par ordinateur".  1, fiche 7, Français, - programme%20d%27enseignement%20assist%C3%A9%20par%20ordinateur

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

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In his landmark paper entitled "AI and CAI : an artificial-intelligence approach to computer-assisted instruction" Carbonell(1970b) defines the difference between what he calls frame-oriented CAI and the new paradigm he was then proposing under the name of information-structure-oriented CAI. This name [information-structure-oriented CAI] alluded to the representational scheme in which he proposes to cast the domain knowledge possessed by the system.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - information%2Dstructure%2Doriented

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Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Like Cabonnell, SOPHIE's designers John Seely Brown and Richard Burton were originally interested in tutorial dialogues and their first project as a team at UCI1 is a "question-answering system for mixed-initiative CAI"(Brown et al., 1973).  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - mixed%2Dinitiative%20CAI

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

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Voir EAO et coopératif.  1, fiche 9, Français, - EAO%20coop%C3%A9ratif

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The HAPI system consists of three roll and pitch stabilized lantern projector units, two of which are placed on the port side of the flight deck and the third, the close approach indicator(CAI), on the forward port side of the island, 8. 5 m(27, 88 ft) above the deck.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - close%20approach%20indicator

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

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Le système se compose de trois groupes de projecteurs stabilisés en roulis et en tangage, deux étant installés à bâbord du pont d'envol (à l'avant et à l'arrière) et le troisième, l'indicateur d'approche finale CAI (Close Approach Indicator), à l'avant gauche de l'îlot, à 8,5 m au-dessus du pont.  1, fiche 10, Français, - indicateur%20d%27approche%20finale

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol