TERMIUM Plus^®

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Fouling causes a loss in the activity of immobilized biocatalysts. This is due to the deposition of solid or colloidal materials(originally suspended in the substrate, around, or in, the pores of the support) preventing access of substrate to the enzyme.... Physical fouling by insoluble debris, fats, microbial activity or synthetic side reactions of the enzymes producing ’polymers’ can be particular problems with porous supports. This is because the availability of the enzyme can be quickly reduced by even limited blockage of the pore structure.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - fouling

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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Formation de dépôts solides sur un élément.  2, fiche 1, Français, - encrassement

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Par exemple, à la surface des membranes utilisées dans les procédés de filtration (ultrafiltration, osmose inverse...), gênant l'écoulement des fluides.  2, fiche 1, Français, - encrassement

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Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Any substance (as an aggregate of atoms or molecules), whether a gas, liquid, or solid, in a fine state of subdivision with particles too small to be visible in an ordinary optical microscope that is dispersed in a continuous gaseous, liquid, or solid medium and does not settle or settles very slowly (as the liquid droplets in fog, solid particles in smoke, bubbles in foam, or gold particles in ruby glass).  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - colloid

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Many colloids occur naturally. Others can be prepared by breaking large pieces of material into smaller pieces, as with a colloid mill... Some colloids can be prepared by condensation methods, in which atoms or molecules are induced to aggregate from solution, or in which atoms or molecules are condensed from the vapor state. There are three important types of colloids : small solid particles having the same internal structure as the bulk solid phase(sulfur suspensions in water), aggregates formed from smaller molecules(soaps in water, and large molecules of colloidal size(proteins and high polymers).  3, fiche 2, Anglais, - colloid

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Compare with "colloidal particle."  4, fiche 2, Anglais, - colloid

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

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Substance dispersée à l'état de particules assez fines pour traverser les filtres usuels, mais ayant des dimensions très supérieures à celles des molécules.  2, fiche 2, Français, - collo%C3%AFde

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Voir aussi «particule colloïdale».  3, fiche 2, Français, - collo%C3%AFde

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Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Since the mesoscopic structure of many forms of soft condensed matter strongly scatters visible light, they appear opaque. My current research takes advantage of this multiple light scattering property for noninvasive study of opaque materials such as foams, emulsions, colloidal suspensions, granular media, and biological tissues that are inaccessible to traditional measurement techniques. From the average intensity of diffusely transmitted light we can monitor details of the mesoscopic structure, while from fluctuations in the transmitted intensity we can monitor motion within the structure itself.  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - mesoscopic%20structure

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[...] les structures mésoscopiques sont des "systèmes quantiques à n corps" : leur niveau de complexité est tel que les équations qui régissent habituellement la physique quantique ne suffisent pas à les décrire.  1, fiche 3, Français, - structure%20m%C3%A9soscopique

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Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Aggregate. In gas cleaning, a relatively stable assembly of dry particles, formed under the influence of physical forces.(The process of aggregate formation is known as aggregation). In other contexts, the particles need not be dry. The term is used in colloid chemistry to refer specifically to the structure that results from the cohesion of colloidal particles. Aggregate formation in colloidally unstable soils is termed either coagulation(formation of a coagulum) or flocculation(formation of a floc).  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - aggregation

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L'agrégation de particules dissemblables est due à des phénomènes électrostatiques d'adsorption ou d'affinités chimiques avec dissolution partielle de constituants en phase solide ou en phase liquide solidifiée.  1, fiche 4, Français, - agr%C3%A9gation

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En français, contrairement à l'anglais, ce terme s'écrit avec un seul «g».  2, fiche 4, Français, - agr%C3%A9gation

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Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Heterogeneous catalysts, in contrast to homogeneous catalysts, form a separate phase from reactants and products and are usually solids. They have a microporous structure and a very large internal surface area(it may reach 1000 m²/g) but these colloidal catalysts are often inactivated by the presence of small amounts of poisons. Poisons act by combining with an active site in the catalyst surface and rendering it inactive.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - homogeneous%20catalyst

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Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Heterogeneous catalysts, in contrast to homogeneous catalysts, form a separate phase from reactants and products and are usually solids. They have a microporous structure and a very large internal surface area(it may reach 1000 m²/g) but these colloidal catalysts are often inactivated by the presence of small amounts of poisons. Poisons act by combining with an active site in the catalyst surface and rendering it inactive.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - heterogeneous%20catalyst

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Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The physical structure of the sludge is irreversibly transformed by heating it to a sufficiently high temperature(particularly if it contains a high proportion of organic and colloidal matter). Heating takes place at constant pressure...  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - heating

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

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L'échauffement à une température suffisante d'une boue, surtout si elle contient une forte proportion de matières organiques et colloïdales, conduit à une transformation irréversible de sa structure physique. Cet échauffement est réalisé sous pression constante; [...]  1, fiche 7, Français, - %C3%A9chauffement

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol