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Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Both the English and French versions of the statutes and regulations of Quebec enacted, printed and published in English and French have the force of law.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - Sustainable%20Forest%20Development%20Act

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An act or a regulation or any portion of an act or regulation... or other instrument having the force of law made under the authority of an act.  5, fiche 2, Anglais, - enactment

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

enactment: ... (2) a statute. The word is best not used by legal writers in sense (2), although it has been so used almost from the beginning.  5, fiche 2, Anglais, - enactment

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The fleeing felon rule under common law permits the use of deadly force against a felon who is clearly in flight from apprehension.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - fleeing%20felon%20rule

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Geneva Convention is another treaty that was established shortly after World War II, but it was the first attempt to address jurisdictional differences regarding aircraft security interests. After the war, aircraft manufacturing nations became concerned about the reluctance of financial institutions to invest in aircraft without assurance that their interests were secure, especially when the equipment was outside the state of registry. As a remedy, the Geneva Convention(not to be confused with the Geneva Conventions of global war law) was signed on June 19, 1948, and went into force on September 17, 1953. It is officially known as the Convention on the International Recognition of Rights in Aircraft and is meant to facilitate financing and to recognize property basis and conditions for aircraft sales.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - Convention%20on%20the%20International%20Recognition%20of%20Rights%20in%20Aircraft

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fecha de la firma: 1948/06/19. Lugar de la firma: Ginebra. Depositario: Organización de la Aviación Civil Internacional. Fecha de entrada en vigor: 1953/09/17.  2, fiche 4, Espagnol, - Convenio%20relativo%20al%20reconocimiento%20internacional%20de%20derechos%20sobre%20aeronaves

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Responsible fisheries are expressed in national and provincial law, including the precautionary approach, the ecosystem approach, protection of biodiversity and preservation of long-term stock sustainability. It should provide a statutory base for stakeholder consultation, especially co-management and give statutory force to fishery management plans...  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - responsible%20fishery

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

responsible fishery: designation usually used in the plural.  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - responsible%20fishery

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A solution that conforms to Raoult's law over all ranges of temperature and concentration and shows no internal energy change on mixing and no attractive force between components.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - ideal%20solution

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Deux liquides, dont les structures moléculaires sont apparentées (exemple hexane n et heptane n) peuvent former une solution idéale. Ils sont alors miscibles en toutes proportions. En outre, la tension de vapeur de chaque constituant, à température donnée, est proportionnelle à sa fraction molaire dans la solution et la tension de vapeur totale s'exprime en fonction des tensions de vapeur des constituants purs [...] Cette relation traduit une loi découverte par Raoult (en 1888) par voie expérimentale.  2, fiche 6, Français, - solution%20id%C3%A9ale

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] para una solución ideal donde cada componente puro tiene una presión de vapor diferente, la fase gaseosa se enriquece en el componente con la presión de vapor pura más alta y la solución se enriquece en el componente con la presión de vapor pura más baja.  1, fiche 6, Espagnol, - soluci%C3%B3n%20ideal

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The goal of law enforcement is always to maintain public order and keep citizens safe. The Emergency Measures Regulations, made under subsection 19(1) of the Emergencies Act, [came] into force from February 15, 2022 to February 23, 2022...  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - Emergency%20Measures%20Regulations

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A conflict in which a government confronts a faction aiming to overthrow it or force a change to its policy by illegal means including civil disorder, terrorism and armed insurrection.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - low%2Dintensity%20conflict

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The government's response will range from civil police enforcement of the law to the application of military force. The conflict may be prosecuted in a restricted geographic area, throughout the extent of a State or even transnationally.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - low%2Dintensity%20conflict

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

low-intensity conflict; LIC: designations standardized by NATO.  4, fiche 8, Anglais, - low%2Dintensity%20conflict

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conflit dans lequel un gouvernement fait face à une faction qui vise à le renverser ou à le forcer à changer sa politique en recourant à des moyens illégaux, y compris le désordre civil, le terrorisme et l'insurrection armée.  3, fiche 8, Français, - conflit%20de%20faible%20intensit%C3%A9

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'intervention du gouvernement peut aller de l'application de la loi par les corps de police civile au recours à la force militaire. Le conflit peut être localisé dans une zone géographique restreinte, être généralisé dans l'ensemble de l'État ou même s'étendre outre-frontière.  3, fiche 8, Français, - conflit%20de%20faible%20intensit%C3%A9

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

conflit de faible intensité : désignation et définition uniformisées par le Comité de terminologie française du Conseil de doctrine et de tactique de l'Armée de terre.  4, fiche 8, Français, - conflit%20de%20faible%20intensit%C3%A9

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 3 OBS

conflit de faible intensité; LIC : désignations uniformisées par l'OTAN.  4, fiche 8, Français, - conflit%20de%20faible%20intensit%C3%A9

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Both the English and French versions of the statutes and regulations of Quebec enacted, printed and published in English and French have the force of law.  2, fiche 9, Anglais, - Expropriation%20Act

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Kosovo Police Service School(KPSS) was established by the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe(OSCE) in September 1999, with an aim to create a modern democratic police force that will restore confidence in law enforcement and effectively apply community-based policing principles.  3, fiche 10, Anglais, - Kosovo%20Police%20Service%20School

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Kosovo Police Service School; KPSS: designations to be used by NATO.  4, fiche 10, Anglais, - Kosovo%20Police%20Service%20School

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

École de police du Kosovo; KPSS : désignations d'usage obligatoire à l'OTAN.  3, fiche 10, Français, - %C3%89cole%20de%20police%20du%20Kosovo

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

An escalation of force is used to prevent military and law enforcement personnel from causing harm to enemy combatants who are surrendering or wounded and out of combat threat.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - escalation%20of%20force

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

EOF standards and protocol are there to protect civilians and their property. They also protect military and law enforcement personnel from being accused of unjustly using deadly force to eliminate a threat.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - escalation%20of%20force

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The nation's police forces should be the first to rally behind a federal proposal to ban the sale and manufacture of the 5. 56-millimeter steel-core bullet. The bullet can be used in newly adapted handguns to provide lethal force to pierce the vests and body armor used by law enforcement officers.  1, fiche 12, Anglais, - steel%2Dcore%20bullet

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The military acts to restore law and order when the assisted state's law enforcement agencies have failed to or are unable to act and the threat is beyond the capabilities of the international police force to control.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - international%20police%20force

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A crime or series of crimes, such as genocide, directed against a large group because of race, religion, country of origin, or other reason unconnected with any individual’s responsibility for having committed a criminal act.  2, fiche 14, Anglais, - crime%20against%20humanity

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Crime against humanity means murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation, imprisonment, torture, sexual violence, persecution or any other inhumane act or omission that is committed against any civilian population or any identifiable group and that, at the time and in the place of its commission, constitutes a crime against humanity according to customary international law or conventional international law or by virtue of its being criminal according to the general principles of law recognized by the community of nations, whether or not it constitutes a contravention of the law in force at the time and in the place of its commission.  3, fiche 14, Anglais, - crime%20against%20humanity

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Meurtre, extermination, réduction en esclavage, déportation, emprisonnement, torture, violence sexuelle, persécution ou autre fait — acte ou omission — inhumain, d'une part, commis contre une population civile ou un groupe identifiable de personnes et, d'autre part, qui constitue, au moment et au lieu de la perpétration, un crime contre l'humanité selon le droit international coutumier ou le droit international conventionnel, ou en raison de son caractère criminel d'après les principes généraux de droit reconnus par l'ensemble des nations, qu'il constitue ou non une transgression du droit en vigueur à ce moment et dans ce lieu.  2, fiche 14, Français, - crime%20contre%20l%27humanit%C3%A9

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Crimen de especial gravedad, como el asesinato, el exterminio, la esclavitud, la deportación o el traslado forzoso de población, la privación grave de la libertad o la tortura, que se comete como parte de un ataque generalizado o sistemático contra una población civil y con conocimiento de dicho ataque.  3, fiche 14, Espagnol, - crimen%20de%20lesa%20humanidad

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

crimen de lesa humanidad; delito de lesa humanidad: La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, recomienda utilizar la expresión "crimen de lesa humanidad" y no "delito de lesa humanidad".  2, fiche 14, Espagnol, - crimen%20de%20lesa%20humanidad

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The laws passed by the legislature of a country.  2, fiche 15, Anglais, - primary%20legislation

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Regulations, also known as secondary or subordinate legislation, are made by ministers or specialist bodies under legislative powers delegated to them by Acts of Parliament. Like primary legislation, regulations have the full force of law.  3, fiche 15, Anglais, - primary%20legislation

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Regulaciones que deben ser aprobadas por el parlamento/congreso.  1, fiche 15, Espagnol, - legislaci%C3%B3n%20primaria

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The previous Immigration Act contained only provisions relating to claims for Convention refugee status. Other grounds for protection, set out above, developed over time in the regulations and in administrative practice, or were required by case law. When the new Immigration and Refugee Protection Act came into force, it consolidated this broader focus, using the term "claim for refugee protection. "  6, fiche 16, Anglais, - claim%20for%20refugee%20protection

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A "claim for refugee protection" is submitted from inside Canada, whereas the "refugee resettlement application" is submitted from outside Canada.  7, fiche 16, Anglais, - claim%20for%20refugee%20protection

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

claim for refugee protection; refugee protection claim; asylum claim; asylum request; refugee claim: Not to be confused with "claim to refugee status" which refers to claims for the Convention refugee status.  7, fiche 16, Anglais, - claim%20for%20refugee%20protection

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'ancienne Loi sur l'immigration ne contenait des dispositions que sur les demandes du statut de réfugié au sens de la Convention. D'autres motifs de protection […] se sont ajoutés avec le temps au règlement et aux pratiques administratives, ou ont été exigés par la jurisprudence. La Loi sur l'immigration et la protection des réfugiés (LIPR) confirme cette perspective plus large, en employant l'expression «demande d'asile».  2, fiche 16, Français, - demande%20d%27asile

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La «demande d'asile» est présentée en territoire canadien, tandis que la «demande de réinstallation de réfugié» est présentée en territoire étranger.  3, fiche 16, Français, - demande%20d%27asile

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

demande d'asile : Ne pas confondre avec «demande du statut de réfugié» qui fait référence à la demande du statut de réfugié au sens de la Convention.  3, fiche 16, Français, - demande%20d%27asile

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Both the English and French versions of the statutes and regulations of Quebec enacted, printed and published in English and French have the force of law.  3, fiche 17, Anglais, - Act%20respecting%20subsidies%20for%20the%20payment%20in%20capital%20and%20interest%20of%20loans%20of%20public%20or%20municipal%20bodies%20and%20certain%20other%20transfers

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Both the English and French versions of the statutes and regulations of Quebec enacted, printed and published in English and French have the force of law.  2, fiche 18, Anglais, - Act%20respecting%20the%20implementation%20of%20the%20reform%20of%20the%20Civil%20Code

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Both the English and French versions of the statutes and regulations of Quebec enacted, printed and published in English and French have the force of law.  3, fiche 19, Anglais, - Act%20respecting%20the%20accountability%20of%20deputy%20ministers%20and%20chief%20executive%20officers%20of%20public%20bodies

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

This act is repealed.  3, fiche 19, Anglais, - Act%20respecting%20the%20accountability%20of%20deputy%20ministers%20and%20chief%20executive%20officers%20of%20public%20bodies

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette loi est abrogée.  3, fiche 19, Français, - Loi%20sur%20l%27imputabilit%C3%A9%20de%20sous%2Dministres%20et%20des%20dirigeants%20d%27organismes%20publics

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Both the English and French versions of the statutes and regulations of Quebec enacted, printed and published in English and French have the force of law.  2, fiche 20, Anglais, - Act%20respecting%20the%20Agence%20m%C3%A9tropolitaine%20de%20transport

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Both the English and French versions of the statutes and regulations of Quebec enacted, printed and published in English and French have the force of law.  2, fiche 21, Anglais, - Act%20to%20facilitate%20the%20payment%20of%20support

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Both the English and French versions of the statutes and regulations of Quebec enacted, printed and published in English and French have the force of law.  2, fiche 22, Anglais, - Act%20respecting%20the%20R%C3%A9gie%20des%20alcools%2C%20des%20courses%20et%20des%20jeux

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Both the English and French versions of the statutes and regulations of Quebec enacted, printed and published in English and French have the force of law.  2, fiche 23, Anglais, - Act%20respecting%20the%20conditions%20of%20employment%20in%20the%20public%20sector%20and%20the%20municipal%20sector

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Both the English and French versions of the statutes and regulations of Quebec enacted, printed and published in English and French have the force of law.  3, fiche 24, Anglais, - Act%20respecting%20the%20Minist%C3%A8re%20du%20D%C3%A9veloppement%20durable%2C%20de%20l%27Environnement%20et%20des%20Parcs

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Both the English and French versions of the statutes and regulations of Quebec enacted, printed and published in English and French have the force of law.  2, fiche 25, Anglais, - Act%20respecting%20the%20Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20du%20Centre%20des%20congr%C3%A8s%20de%20Qu%C3%A9bec

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Both the English and French versions of the statutes and regulations of Quebec enacted, printed and published in English and French have the force of law.  2, fiche 26, Anglais, - Act%20respecting%20the%20reduction%20of%20the%20share%20capital%20of%20legal%20persons%20established%20in%20the%20public%20interest%20and%20of%20their%20subsidiaries

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Both the English and French versions of the statutes and regulations of Quebec enacted, printed and published in English and French have the force of law.  2, fiche 27, Anglais, - Act%20to%20establish%20the%20permanent%20list%20of%20electors

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Both the English and French versions of the statutes and regulations of Quebec enacted, printed and published in English and French have the force of law.  2, fiche 28, Anglais, - Act%20respecting%20the%20national%20capital%20commission

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Both the English and French versions of the statutes and regulations of Quebec enacted, printed and published in English and French have the force of law.  2, fiche 29, Anglais, - Act%20respecting%20Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20Innovatech%20du%20sud%20du%20Qu%C3%A9bec

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Both the English and French versions of the statutes and regulations of Quebec enacted, printed and published in English and French have the force of law.  2, fiche 30, Anglais, - Act%20to%20establish%20Fondaction%2C%20le%20Fonds%20de%20d%C3%A9veloppement%20de%20la%20Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration%20des%20syndicats%20nationaux%20pour%20la%20coop%C3%A9ration%20et%20l%27emploi

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Both the English and French versions of the statutes and regulations of Quebec enacted, printed and published in English and French have the force of law.  2, fiche 31, Anglais, - Act%20respecting%20the%20protection%20of%20personal%20information%20in%20the%20private%20sector

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Both the English and French versions of the statutes and regulations of Quebec enacted, printed and published in English and French have the force of law.  2, fiche 32, Anglais, - Act%20respecting%20the%20Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20du%20tourisme%20du%20Qu%C3%A9bec

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 OBS

This act is repealed.  2, fiche 32, Anglais, - Act%20respecting%20the%20Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20du%20tourisme%20du%20Qu%C3%A9bec

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette loi est abrogée.  2, fiche 32, Français, - Loi%20sur%20la%20Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20du%20tourisme%20du%20Qu%C3%A9bec

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Both the English and French versions of the statutes and regulations of Quebec enacted, printed and published in English and French have the force of law.  3, fiche 33, Anglais, - Act%20respecting%20Investissement%20Qu%C3%A9bec

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Both the English and French versions of the statutes and regulations of Quebec enacted, printed and published in English and French have the force of law.  2, fiche 34, Anglais, - Act%20respecting%20Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20Innovatech%20Qu%C3%A9bec%20et%20Chaudi%C3%A8re%2DAppalaches

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Both the English and French versions of the statutes and regulations of Quebec enacted, printed and published in English and French have the force of law.  2, fiche 35, Anglais, - Act%20respecting%20Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20Innovatech%20du%20Grand%20Montr%C3%A9al

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Both the English and French versions of the statutes and regulations of Quebec enacted, printed and published in English and French have the force of law.  2, fiche 36, Anglais, - Act%20respecting%20the%20Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20de%20d%C3%A9veloppement%20des%20entreprises%20culturelles

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Commissioned police officers plan, organize, direct, control and evaluate police force administration and police activities such as maintaining law and order and detecting and preventing crime. They are employed by municipal, provincial and federal governments. This unit group includes officers from the rank of staff sergeant to police commissioner. Commissioned officers in the railway police are also included in this unit group.  1, fiche 37, Anglais, - Commissioned%20police%20officers

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 OBS

0431: classification system code in the National Occupational Classification.  2, fiche 37, Anglais, - Commissioned%20police%20officers

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les officiers de direction des services de police planifient, organisent, dirigent, contrôlent et évaluent l'administration de la force policière et les activités des services de police telles que le maintien de la loi et de l'ordre, la détection et la prévention du crime. Ils travaillent pour des administrations municipales et les gouvernements provinciaux et fédéral. Ce groupe de base comprend les officiers du rang d'inspecteur et de rangs supérieurs. Les officiers de direction de la police des chemins de fer sont également inclus dans ce groupe de base.  1, fiche 37, Français, - Officiers%2Foffici%C3%A8res%20de%20direction%20des%20services%20de%20police

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 OBS

0431 : code du système de classification de la Classification nationale des professions.  2, fiche 37, Français, - Officiers%2Foffici%C3%A8res%20de%20direction%20des%20services%20de%20police

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Task Force unanimously recommends that there be no change in the law relating to admissions made personally by a party to an action(whether civil or criminal), except in relation to admissions by persons in a representative capacity, where it recommends the adoption of the American Federal Rule.  1, fiche 38, Anglais, - admission%20by%20persons%20acting%20in%20a%20representative%20capacity

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Panama Canal Authority(ACP) is an autonomous legal entity of the Republic of Panama, established under public law, established under Title XIV of the National Constitution with exclusive charge of the operation, administration, management, preservation, maintenance, and modernization of the Canal, as well as its activities and related services, pursuant to legal and constitutional regulations in force, so that the Canal may operate in a safe, continuous, efficient, and profitable manner.  2, fiche 39, Anglais, - Panama%20Canal%20Authority

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 OBS

ACP: as per its name in Spanish ("Autoridad del Canal de Panamá").  3, fiche 39, Anglais, - Panama%20Canal%20Authority

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ACP : d'après son nom en espagnol («Autoridad del Canal de Panamá»).  3, fiche 39, Français, - Autorit%C3%A9%20du%20canal%20de%20Panama

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La Autoridad del Canal de Panamá (ACP) es una entidad del Gobierno de Panamá creada en el Título XIV de la Constitución Nacional y a la que le corresponde privativamente la operación, la administración, el funcionamiento, la conservación, el mantenimiento, el mejoramiento y modernización del Canal, así como sus actividades y servicios conexos, conforme a las normas constitucionales legales vigentes, a fin de que el Canal funcione de manera segura, continua, eficiente y rentable.  3, fiche 39, Espagnol, - Autoridad%20del%20Canal%20de%20Panam%C3%A1

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Autoridad del Canal de Panamá; ACP: La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, indica que cuando se emplee el nombre de la entidad que administra el canal de Panamá y que se denomina "Autoridad del Canal de Panamá", conviene respetar las mayúsculas por tratarse de un nombre propio. Su sigla es ACP, que se escribe con todas las letras mayúsculas y sin puntos intermedios.  4, fiche 39, Espagnol, - Autoridad%20del%20Canal%20de%20Panam%C3%A1

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In resolving conflicts within the family, between landlords and tenants, businessmen and customers, or management and labour, citizens and police have always been reluctant to use the full force of the criminal law. This absorption of crime by the community, police screening of cases out of the criminal justice system, settling of incidents at the pre-trial level, or using sanctions other than imprisonment are examples of what is commonly referred to as diversion.  3, fiche 41, Anglais, - diversion

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

When "diversion" is used to refer to such a wide range of functions as indicated above, care is needed in specifying just what type of diversion is under discussion. No one definition of diversion seems capable of comprehending everything done in its name.  3, fiche 41, Anglais, - diversion

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La police et les citoyens ont toujours hésité à faire appel aux dernières ressources du droit pénal pour résoudre les conflits entre divers membres d'une même famille, entre propriétaires et locataires, vendeurs et clients ou direction et employés. L'appellation "déjudiciarisation" désignera donc les incidents réglés à l'intérieur de la collectivité, les affaires non transmises à la justice par la police, les conciliations intervenues avant le procès, ou l'imposition de peines autres que les peines d'emprisonnement.  2, fiche 41, Français, - d%C3%A9judiciarisation

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On peut juger de ce qui précède que le terme "déjudiciarisation" recouvre un grand nombre de notions différentes et il faudra prendre soin chaque fois de préciser quelle est celle que l'on entend examiner. Il ne semble pas que l'on puisse trouver une définition unique de ce terme, capable d'englober toutes les notions qu'il recouvre.  2, fiche 41, Français, - d%C3%A9judiciarisation

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La déjudiciarisation de l'arbitrage des griefs, 1996, Les éditions Blais inc., par Rodrique Blouin, 500 pages.  3, fiche 41, Français, - d%C3%A9judiciarisation

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A contract not made expressly but created by force of law in circumstances which make the creation of a contract just and reasonable.  5, fiche 42, Anglais, - contract%20implied%20by%20law

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Simple contracts arising independently of agreement, or contracts implied in law, exist in certain cases where an obligation is created by law for the purpose of setting the parties right - where one of them has suffered loss by doing something for the benefit of the other, or where one of them has wrongfully or by accident gained an advantage over the other.  6, fiche 42, Anglais, - contract%20implied%20by%20law

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

contrat de droit : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 42, Français, - contrat%20de%20droit

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At common law, the defence of self-defence operates in three spheres. It allows a person to use reasonable force to :(a) Defend himself from an attack.(b) Prevent an attack on another person...(c) Defend his property.  2, fiche 43, Anglais, - defence%20of%20self%2Ddefence

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

défense de légitime défense : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, fiche 43, Français, - d%C3%A9fense%20de%20l%C3%A9gitime%20d%C3%A9fense

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For injuries to the person or property which were the immediate and direct result of the defendant's force and for which an action of trespass would lie, the early common law imposed a rather strict responsibility.  3, fiche 44, Anglais, - action%20of%20trespass

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"A form of action instituted to recover damages for any unlawful injury to the plaintiff's person, property or rights, involving immediate force or violence. "John A. Yogis, Canadian Law Dictionary, 5th edition, p. 282.  4, fiche 44, Anglais, - action%20of%20trespass

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

action pour atteinte directe : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 44, Français, - action%20pour%20atteinte%20directe

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A branch of the law of obligations, where the legal obligations to refrain from harm to another, and, if, harm is done, to repair it or compensate for it are imposed not by agreement, but independently of agreement by force of the general law.  3, fiche 45, Anglais, - law%20of%20tort

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En droit de la responsabilité délictuelle, une règle fondamentale veut que le demandeur prouve deux choses. D'abord, il doit prouver que le défendeur a manqué à une obligation envers lui. Ensuite, le demandeur doit prouver que le manquement a causé la perte dont il veut être indemnisé.  3, fiche 45, Français, - droit%20de%20la%20responsabilit%C3%A9%20d%C3%A9lictuelle

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

droit de la responsabilité délictuelle; droit de la responsabilité civile délictuelle : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  4, fiche 45, Français, - droit%20de%20la%20responsabilit%C3%A9%20d%C3%A9lictuelle

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The use of force to recover real property or recapture chattels has important limitations : Under Majority law there is NO privilege. The Minority requires a tortious dispossession or a dispossession by fraud, force, or duress, and permits reasonable non-deadly force if used promptly upon discover.  2, fiche 46, Anglais, - dispossession%20by%20force

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The use of force to recover real property or recapture chattels has important limitations : Under Majority law there is NO privilege. The Minority requires a tortious dispossession or a dispossession by fraud, force, or duress, and permits reasonable non-deadly force if used promptly upon discover.  2, fiche 47, Anglais, - dispossession%20by%20fraud

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 48,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The rules so far stated apply to supervening prohibition, i. e. to one imposed by a law made after the contract. If, at the time of contracting, the prohibition is already in force, the case is one of antecedent prohibition. This may make the contract void ab initio for illegality, but it will not bring about frustration.  1, fiche 48, Anglais, - antecedent%20prohibition

Fiche 48,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 48,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 49,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(E)quity is the body of principles and rules developed since mediaeval times and applied by the Chancellors of England and the Courts of Chancery and, since 1875, chiefly by the Chancery Division of the High Court, as contrasted with the body of principles and rules of the common law developed and applied by the common law courts, of King’s (or Queen’s) Bench, Common Pleas, and Exchequer, and, since 1875, chiefly by the Queen’s (or King’s) Bench Division of the High Court ... This distinction also exists in states outside England which adopted from England the distinction in principles and in administration of justice between law and equity, and which in some cases maintain the distinction. ("Oxford Companion to Law", 1980, p. 425).  2, fiche 49, Anglais, - equity

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Although in origin the jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery was undoubtedly based on moral principles designed to remove injustices incapable of being dealt with in the common law courts, equity was always ... essentially a supplementary jurisdiction, an appendix or gloss on the common law ... (Pettit, 3rd ed. 1974, p. 1).  2, fiche 49, Anglais, - equity

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 2 OBS

While the courts of common law and equity are now fused in virtually all jurisdictions, the separate rules of law and equity remain in force.(Anger & Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 12)  2, fiche 49, Anglais, - equity

Fiche 49,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

equity : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 49, Français, - equity

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Acception courante en common law désignant l'institution fondée à l'origine sur les principes d'équité (equity). Cette institution et les règles qui la régissent s'opposent formellement à l'institution de la «common law» au sens strict de ce terme. En français le terme «equity» ne s'écrit ni en italique ni entre guillemets. La graphie et le genre sont normalisés.  3, fiche 49, Français, - equity

Fiche 49,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 50,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In its origin the law administered in the Court of the Admiral was derived from the various codes of the sea, in force from Barcelona round to the Hanseatic cities, chief of which were the Laws of Oleron, and the "Consolato del mare"...  1, fiche 50, Anglais, - Laws%20of%20Oleron

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Laws of Oleron; Rules of Oleron: terms used in the plural.  3, fiche 50, Anglais, - Laws%20of%20Oleron

Fiche 50,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

lois d'Oléron; rôles d'Oléron : termes habituellement utilisés au pluriel.  3, fiche 50, Français, - lois%20d%27Ol%C3%A9ron

Fiche 50,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 51,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An obligation incumbent on the parties as a result of their situation or relationship, such as an obligation of parents to care for their children.  2, fiche 51, Anglais, - obediential%20obligation

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

obendiential obligations : A term sometimes used in Scot law for obligations imposed by force of law, particularly those arising from family relationships.  3, fiche 51, Anglais, - obediential%20obligation

Fiche 51,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 51,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 52,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The rules so far stated apply to supervening prohibition, i. e. to one imposed by a law made after the contract. If, at the time of contracting, the prohibition is already in force, the case is one of antecedent prohibition. This may make the contract void ab initio for illegality, but it will not bring about frustration.  1, fiche 52, Anglais, - supervening%20prohibition

Fiche 52,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 52,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 53,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Public Prosecution Service of Canada(PPSC) is a federal government organization, created on December 12, 2006, when the Director of Public Prosecutions Act, Part 3 of the Federal Accountability Act, came into force. The PPSC fulfills the responsibilities of the Attorney General of Canada in the discharge of his criminal law mandate by prosecuting criminal offences under federal jurisdiction and by contributing to strengthening the criminal justice system. In this regard, the PPSC assumes the role played within the Department of Justice Canada by the former Federal Prosecution Service(FPS), and takes on additional responsibilities for prosecuting new fraud offences under the Financial Administration Act as well as offences under the Canada Elections Act. Unlike the FPS, which was part of the Department of Justice, the PPSC is an independent organization, reporting to Parliament through the Attorney General of Canada.  1, fiche 53, Anglais, - Public%20Prosecution%20Service%20of%20Canada

Fiche 53,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le Service des poursuites pénales du Canada (SPPC) est un organisme du gouvernement fédéral créé le 12 décembre 2006, lorsque la Loi sur le directeur des poursuites pénales, partie 3 de la Loi fédérale sur la responsabilité est entrée en vigueur. Le SPPC assume les fonctions du procureur général du Canada dans l'exécution de son mandat dans le domaine du droit pénal, en poursuivant les infractions criminelles relevant de la compétence du gouvernement fédéral et en contribuant à renforcer le système de justice pénale. À cet égard, le SPPC assume les fonctions de l'ancien Service fédéral des poursuites (SFP) du ministère de la Justice, tout en prenant des responsabilités supplémentaires en matière de poursuites relatives aux infractions de fraude prévues à la Loi sur la gestion des finances publiques ainsi qu'aux infractions en vertu de la Loi électorale du Canada. À la différence du SFP, qui était une composante du ministère de la Justice, le SPPC est un organisme indépendant, qui rend compte au Parlement par l'intermédiaire du procureur général du Canada.  1, fiche 53, Français, - Service%20des%20poursuites%20p%C3%A9nales%20du%20Canada

Fiche 53,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 54,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Canada-U. S. Shiprider removes the international maritime boundary as a barrier to law enforcement by enabling seamless continuity of enforcement and security operations across the border, facilitating cross-border surveillance and interdiction, and serving as... a force multiplier[. It] involves vessels jointly crewed by specially trained and designated Canadian and U. S. law enforcement officers who are authorized to enforce the law on both sides of the international boundary line.  1, fiche 54, Anglais, - Integrated%20Cross%2Dborder%20Maritime%20Law%20Enforcement%20Operations

Fiche 54,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Ce] projet [...] fait disparaître l’obstacle que représente la frontière maritime internationale aux mesures d’application de la loi en permettant de mener, de façon continue et homogène, des opérations de sécurité et d’application de la loi des deux côtés de la frontière, de faciliter les mesures de surveillance et d’interception transfrontalières, ainsi que d’agir comme un multiplicateur de force[. Il] comporte des navires dont l'équipage conjoint est constitué d'agents d’application de la loi spécialement formés et désignés du Canada et des États-Unis, et qui sont autorisés à faire appliquer la loi des deux côtés de la frontière internationale.  1, fiche 54, Français, - Op%C3%A9rations%20int%C3%A9gr%C3%A9es%20transfrontali%C3%A8res%20maritimes%20d%27application%20de%20la%20loi

Fiche 54,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 55,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Those statements made by certain persons within a protected relationship such as husband-wife, attorney-client and the like which the law protects from forced disclosure on the witness stand. (Black’s)  1, fiche 55, Anglais, - privileged%20communication

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 OBS

When a communication is "privileged" as that expression is used in the law of Evidence, it means that the communication may not be disclosed in open court without the consent of the holder of the privilege. A privilege has the effect of excluding evidence which might otherwise be relevant and admissible.(Fed./Prov. Task Force, p. 417)  1, fiche 55, Anglais, - privileged%20communication

Fiche 55,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les termes désignent aussi dans une acception qui ne se rattache pas directement au domaine de la preuve, une communication qui ne donne pas ouverture à une action en diffamation.  1, fiche 55, Français, - communication%20privil%C3%A9gi%C3%A9e

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 2 OBS

communication privilégiée; communication protégée : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 55, Français, - communication%20privil%C3%A9gi%C3%A9e

Fiche 55,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 56,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Canada Evidence Act of 1893 replaced the common law privilege against self-incrimination with what is now section 5 of the Act. Broadly speaking, that section, and its provincial and territorial counterparts, require that incriminating questions be answered, but a statutory immunity against the use or reception of the answer given is provided as protection for the witness.(Fed./Prov. Task Force, p. 433)  1, fiche 56, Anglais, - statutory%20immunity

Fiche 56,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 OBS

immunité d'origine législative : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 56, Français, - immunit%C3%A9%20d%27origine%20l%C3%A9gislative

Fiche 56,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 57,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At common law, the unwilling or reluctant witness could also be cross-examined(by the party calling him).(Fed./Prov. Task Force, p. 266)  1, fiche 57, Anglais, - reluctant%20witness

Fiche 57,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 OBS

témoin réticent : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 57, Français, - t%C3%A9moin%20r%C3%A9ticent

Fiche 57,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 58,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When a communication is "privileged" as that expression is used in the law of Evidence, it means that the communication may not be disclosed in open court without the consent of the holder of the privilege. A privilege has the effect of excluding evidence which might otherwise be relevant and admissible.(Fed./Prov. Task Force, p. 417)  1, fiche 58, Anglais, - privilege

Fiche 58,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Équivalent retenu en tant que terme exprimant la qualification juridique propre aux divers «privilèges» du droit de la preuve. Selon les cas, il pourra recouvrir, en pratique, le concept de «pouvoir» ou celui de «dispense», d'«exemption», d'«exonération» ou d'«immunité».  1, fiche 58, Français, - privil%C3%A8ge

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 2 OBS

privilège : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 58, Français, - privil%C3%A8ge

Fiche 58,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 59,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 59, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Law reformers... would admit... a prior inconsistent statement made by an opposing witness, but not a prior inconsistent statement made by the party's own witness.(Fed./Prov. Task Force, p. 315)  1, fiche 59, Anglais, - opposing%20witness

Fiche 59,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 59, Textual support number: 1 OBS

témoin de la partie adverse : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 59, Français, - t%C3%A9moin%20de%20la%20partie%20adverse

Fiche 59,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 60,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 60, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Materiality refers to evidence which may be relevant to the proposition for which it is offered, but which is excluded because the proposition is not up for decision in the case. The major issues in a case are defined by substantive law, pleadings and rules of procedure.(Fed./Prov. Task Force, p. 60)  1, fiche 60, Anglais, - materiality

Record number: 60, Textual support number: 2 CONT

"Materiality" of evidence refers to the pertinency of the offered evidence to the issue in dispute. (Black’s, p. 881)  1, fiche 60, Anglais, - materiality

Record number: 60, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Materiality in its more precise meaning looks to the relation between the proposition for which the evidence is offered and the issues in the case. (McCormick, p. 434)  1, fiche 60, Anglais, - materiality

Fiche 60,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 60, Textual support number: 1 OBS

caractère substantiel : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 60, Français, - caract%C3%A8re%20substantiel

Fiche 60,  Justifications,  Espagnol