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In computer science and artificial intelligence, ontology languages are formal languages used to construct ontologies. They allow the encoding of knowledge about specific domains and often include reasoning rules that support the processing of that knowledge. Ontology languages are usually declarative languages, are almost always generalizations of frame languages, and are commonly based on either first-order logic or on description logic.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - ontology%20language

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An ontology language is a type of computer language used for specifying classes, properties, and restrictions in the context of information processing by applications. The latest ontology language in use is the Web Ontology Language (OWL).  4, fiche 1, Anglais, - ontology%20language

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En informatique et en intelligence artificielle, les langages d'ontologie sont des langages formels utilisés pour construire des ontologies. Ils permettent l'encodage des connaissances sur des domaines spécifiques et incluent souvent des règles de raisonnement qui prennent en charge le traitement de ces connaissances. Les langages d'ontologie sont habituellement des langages déclaratifs, sont presque toujours des généralisations de langages de trame, et sont couramment basés sur une logique de premier ordre ou sur une logique de description.  3, fiche 1, Français, - langage%20d%27ontologie

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La construction des ontologies est fondée sur les langages formels. Un langage d'ontologie permet de signifier l'appartenance d'un objet à une catégorie, de déclarer la relation de généralisation entre catégories et de typer les objets que lie une relation.  4, fiche 1, Français, - langage%20d%27ontologie

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Hoare logic... is a formal system with a set of logical rules for reasoning rigorously about the correctness of computer programs.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - Hoare%20logic

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Le but de la logique de Hoare est de formaliser la preuve de la correction des programmes.  3, fiche 2, Français, - logique%20de%20Hoare

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In the mathematical fields of graph theory and finite model theory, the logic of graphs deals with formal specifications of graph properties using sentences of mathematical logic.  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - graph%20logic

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Dans les domaines mathématiques de la théorie des graphes et de la théorie des modèles finis, la logique des graphes traite de la spécification formelle de propriétés de graphe en utilisant des propositions de la logique mathématique.  2, fiche 3, Français, - logique%20des%20graphes

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Once conceived as a single formal system, epistemic logic has become a general formal approach to the study of the structure of knowledge, its limits and possibilities, and its static and dynamic properties.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - epistemic%20logic

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Système logique permettant de raisonner sur la connaissance.  2, fiche 4, Français, - logique%20%C3%A9pist%C3%A9mique

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Predicate logic is a formal system of logic that allows for the expression of complex propositions and relationships between objects, including the use of variables.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - predicate%20logic

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La puissance additionnelle de la logique des prédicats résulte de la possibilité d'utiliser des variables quantifiées. Ainsi la proposition "Tous les escargots ont des cornes" est exprimable en logique des prédicats de premier ordre et pas en logique des propositions.  2, fiche 5, Français, - logique%20des%20pr%C3%A9dicats

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The formal method of providing a proof in symbolic logic. Each step in the proof will(a) introduce a premise or axiom;(b) provide a statement that is a natural consequence of previously established results using only legitimate rules of inference.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - theorem%20proving

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a task of artificial intelligence.  3, fiche 6, Anglais, - theorem%20proving

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A problem-solving approach in which a hypothesized conclusion (theorem) is validated using deductive logic.  4, fiche 6, Anglais, - theorem%20proving

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L'algorithme d'unification développé par Robinson a eu un important impact sur la recherche concernant les preuves de théorèmes.  2, fiche 6, Français, - d%C3%A9monstration%20de%20th%C3%A9or%C3%A8mes

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Computational logic is the use of computers to establish facts in a logical formalism.... Formal verification requires the support of specialized computer software. Computational logic is concerned with formal logic as implemented on computers, where it is frequently applied to solve problems related to computation.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - computational%20logic

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La logique computationnelle est une branche qui se trouve au croisement de la logique mathématique et de l'informatique [...]  2, fiche 7, Français, - logique%20computationnelle

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... the generation of computer program code given some description of the problem in another form. This description might be in the form of examples of behaviour, a statement in a formal language(such as logic), a description in natural language, or result from an interactive dialogue.  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - program%20synthesis

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Knowledge and reasoning in program synthesis.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - program%20synthesis

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program synthesis: term standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)  4, fiche 8, Anglais, - program%20synthesis

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Génération automatique de programmes à partir d'une description non procédurale de leurs effets souhaités.  4, fiche 8, Français, - synth%C3%A8se%20de%20programme

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La synthèse de programmes permet de synthétiser, automatiquement ou par des interactions avec l'utilisateur, des algorithmes à partir d'exemples d'entrée/sortie, de traces de calculs, ou de spécifications formelles.  5, fiche 8, Français, - synth%C3%A8se%20de%20programme

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The study of the structure and form of an argument without regard to the meaning of the terms in the argument.  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - formal%20logic

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formal logic : term standardized by ISO and CSA.  3, fiche 10, Anglais, - formal%20logic

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Étude de la structure et de la forme des arguments, abstraction faite de la nature des objets auxquels ils s'appliquent.  2, fiche 10, Français, - logique%20formelle

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logique formelle : terme normalisé par l'ISO et la CSA.  3, fiche 10, Français, - logique%20formelle

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Estudio de la estructura y formas de argumentos válidos sin considerar el significado de los términos en el argumento.  1, fiche 10, Espagnol, - l%C3%B3gica%20formal

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Thinking which may have a logic of its own without following the rules of formal logic.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - prelogical%20thinking

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[...] pensée qui reste plus ou moins indépendante des principes rationnels.  1, fiche 11, Français, - pens%C3%A9e%20pr%C3%A9logique

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A functional design that uses formal methods of description, such as symbolic logic.  3, fiche 14, Anglais, - logic%20design

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logic design: term standardized by CSA and ISO.  4, fiche 14, Anglais, - logic%20design

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Étude fonctionnelle qui emploie des méthodes formelles de description telles que la logique symbolique.  2, fiche 14, Français, - conception%20logique

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conception logique : terme normalisé par la CSA et l'ISO.  3, fiche 14, Français, - conception%20logique

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Descripción de las operaciones de una computadora (ordenador) o de cualquier dispositivo asociado, en la que la parte del funcionamiento del sistema se representa mediante símbolos lógicos.  2, fiche 14, Espagnol, - concepci%C3%B3n%20l%C3%B3gica

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A formal logic rule which consists of an "if" part representing the premise or condition and a "then" part representing the goal or action to be taken when the "if" part is true.  3, fiche 15, Anglais, - if%2Dthen%20statement

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A statement of a relationship among a set of facts. The relationship may be definitional (e.g., if female and married, then wife), or heuristic (e.g., if cloudy, then take umbrella).  4, fiche 15, Anglais, - if%2Dthen%20statement

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if-then statement, if-then rule: terms standardized by ISO/IEC and CSA.  5, fiche 15, Anglais, - if%2Dthen%20statement

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Relation entre un ensemble de faits. Elle comprend une partie gauche (prémisse ou pattern) et une partie droite (conséquence, conclusion ou action).  5, fiche 15, Français, - r%C3%A8gle%20conditionnelle

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Règle de la forme «si prémisses, alors conclusions».  3, fiche 15, Français, - r%C3%A8gle%20conditionnelle

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règle conditionnelle, règle si...alors : termes normalisés par ISO/CEI et la CSA.  6, fiche 15, Français, - r%C3%A8gle%20conditionnelle

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An informal presentation of a formal security policy model.  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - security%20policy%20model

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Formal Security Policy Model. A mathematically precise statement of a security policy. To be adequately precise, such a model must represent the initial state of a system, the way in which the system progresses from one state to another, and a definition of a "secure" state of the system. To be acceptable as a basis for a TCB, the model must be supported by a formal proof that if the initial state of the system satisfies the definition of a "secure" state and if all assumptions required by the model hold, then all future states of the system will be secure. Some formal modeling techniques include : state transition models, temporal logic models, denotational semantics models, algebraic specification models. An example is the model described by Bell and LaPadula....  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - security%20policy%20model

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Self's vision of formalizing teaching in terms of a student model is given a sharp focus in his work on concept teaching(Self, 1977). It differs from other projects by being a formal experiment on teaching rather than a teaching system. The domain is the acquisition of simple conjunctive concepts in a relational language close to first-order logic. An example of the concepts taught by Self's system would be R(x) T(y)("There is a rectangle and no triangle"). The target concept is taught through successive variable-free examples classified as positive or negative instances. For example, the tutor could say that R(a) T(b)("There is a rectangle a and a triangle b") is a negative example. Since the order in which the sequence of instances is presented greatly influences the time the student takes to converge on the correct concept, the idea is for the teacher to use a learning model to optimize its selection of examples.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - concept%20teaching

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Voir étude de concepts, évaluation des concepts, test de concepts.  3, fiche 17, Français, - enseignement%20de%20type%20conceptuel

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Comparer à apprentissage de concepts : apprentissage visant à trouver une fonction de reconnaissance qui permet de distinguer les éléments appartenant au concept de ceux n'en faisant pas partie.  3, fiche 17, Français, - enseignement%20de%20type%20conceptuel

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A branch of analytic philosophy that deals with the critical examination of the basic concepts of logic abstracted from any meaning given them in the systems studied ...  2, fiche 18, Anglais, - metalogic

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... the study of the syntax, or relations between expressions, and the semantics, or relations between expressions and their meanings, of formal languages and formal systems(such as those of logic and mathematics). It is related to, but does not include, the formal treatment of natural languages.  3, fiche 18, Anglais, - metalogic

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Discipline fondée sur les principes communs aux différentes logiques.  3, fiche 18, Français, - m%C3%A9talogique

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Et G. Kalinowski, en logicien qu'il est, pose clairement l'essentielle différence qui sépare la métalogique, qui étudie le langage en tant que tel,et la logique proprement dite, qui «toute science formelle qu'elle soit, porte [...] sur le réel».  4, fiche 18, Français, - m%C3%A9talogique

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