TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As a general rule of Canadian evidence law, the previous out-of-court statements of a witness or victim are not to be the subject of testimony in court. In regard to statements by a child who is not called as a witness, any statements made by the child to others would normally be regarded as hearsay and therefore inadmissible. Although the general rules about the exclusion of previous consistent statements and hearsay are basically sound, they can be problematic when applied to cases involving children who are victims of abuse. Not infrequently in child abuse cases, the initial disclosures of abuse by the child to a parent or another trusted person are graphic and highly revealing. Conversely, if the accused argues that a child has been subject to improper coaching or interviewing to make the allegations, [an] inquiry into the circumstances in which the allegations were first made can be vitally important. As a result of these types of concerns Canadian judges have significantly liberalized the rules about admitting this type of evidence, making changes to the common law that in some other countries have been achieved by legislative reforms.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - victim%20of%20abuse

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

victime de maltraitance : désignation normalisée par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 1, Français, - victime%20de%20maltraitance

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A fact presumed to be true unless it is disproved.  4, fiche 2, Anglais, - prima%20facie

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In common parlance the term "prima facie" is used to describe the apparent nature of something upon initial observation. In legal practice the term generally is used to describe two things : the presentation of sufficient evidence by a civil claimant to support the legal claim(a prima facie case), or a piece of evidence itself(prima facie evidence).  4, fiche 2, Anglais, - prima%20facie

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Locution latine signifiant «à sa face même», «à première vue» que l'on emploie pour qualifier une preuve considérée comme suffisante pour établir un fait jusqu'à preuve contraire.  5, fiche 2, Français, - prima%20facie

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Routing slip. Former practice : to have persons initial routing slip as evidence that they have read circulated materials. This required a new routing slip for each circulation.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - routing%20slip

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Feuille portant la liste des destinataires successifs d'un document, d'un dossier, de revues, etc.  4, fiche 3, Français, - fiche%20de%20circulation

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

fiche de circulation : Cette expression indique [...] que les documents en cause doivent circuler dans un certain ordre et revenir à leur point de départ. Des expressions comme «liste des destinataires» ou «liste de communication» seraient moins précises.  4, fiche 3, Français, - fiche%20de%20circulation

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Permit to emit a specified quantity of a polluant. This permit may be traded.  4, fiche 4, Anglais, - tradable%20emission%20rights

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Tradable permits have been proposed as an alternative to the tax. There are two main possibilities :(i) estimating "reasonable" emissions country by country and establishing commensurate quotas or(ii) distributing tradable rights in accordance with some "equitably" criterion, such as equal emissions per capita(a possibility that has actually been discussed). Depending on how restrictive the aggregate of such tradable emission rights might be, the latter is tantamount to distributing trillions of dollars in discounted value and making, for a country like Nigeria, the outcome of its population census the country's major economic policy. If, instead, quotas are negotiated to correspond to every country's currently "reasonable" emissions level, they will surely be renegotiated every 5 or 10 years, and selling an emissions right will be perceived as evidence that a quota was initially too generous. It is unlikely that governments will engage in trades that acknowledge excessive initial quotas.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - tradable%20emission%20rights

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

tradable emission permit: term extracted from the “Glossaire de l’environnement” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  5, fiche 4, Anglais, - tradable%20emission%20rights

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Droits de pollution négociables, permis (de polluer) négociable (États-Unis : dans certains cas, une entreprise pour laquelle il est peu coûteux de réduire la pollution au-delà des normes réglementaires peut vendre un «permis de polluer» à une entreprise pour laquelle les mesures antipollution sont beaucoup plus coûteuses).  6, fiche 4, Français, - droits%20d%27%C3%A9mission%20n%C3%A9gociables

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Émissions trading/échange de droits d'émission (États-Unis; l'EPA [Environment Protection Agency] autorise dans certains cas des entreprises pour lesquelles la lutte contre la pollution est très coûteuse à acheter des «droits de polluer» à d'autres entreprises pour lesquelles la lutte est moins coûteuse; les premières pourront dès lors émettre des quantités supérieures à la norme et les secondes émettront des quantités inférieures, de sorte que la norme ne soit globalement pas dépassée. Cet appel aux mécanismes du marché permet de réduire le coût total des mesures de lutte).  6, fiche 4, Français, - droits%20d%27%C3%A9mission%20n%C3%A9gociables

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le protocole de Kyoto encourage l'utilisation de trois mécanismes flexibles pour permettre la réduction des émissions en premier là où le coût est le plus faible : la création d'un marché international des droits d'émission négociables, la mise en œuvre conjointe du protocole et le mécanisme de développement propre.  7, fiche 4, Français, - droits%20d%27%C3%A9mission%20n%C3%A9gociables

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 OBS

droits de pollution négociables; permis de polluer négociable : termes extraits du «Glossaire de l’environnement» et reproduits avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  2, fiche 4, Français, - droits%20d%27%C3%A9mission%20n%C3%A9gociables

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The initial hearing will be held before an administrative law judge or tax commissioner. At the hearing evidence, including testimony, documents and other exhibits may be offered and oral or written argument on legal issues may be received.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - application%20on%20initial%20hearing

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

In the event that the court does not release the suspect at the initial hearing, it may order continued detention for a period of up to 15 consecutive days.  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - application%20on%20initial%20hearing

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lorsque le tribunal n'ordonne pas la libération du suspect lors de l'audience initiale, il peut ordonner son maintien en détention pour une période de 15 jours consécutifs au maximum.  2, fiche 5, Français, - demande%20lors%20de%20l%27audience%20initiale

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Disaster site search operation-Once the initial assessment has been completed and the information analyzed,... the next phase of the operation... is the search operation... The search operation involves a two-stage process referred to as the initial and comprehensive search [for] locating and tagging remains, evidence and personal effects at the disaster site.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - disaster%20site%20search%20operation

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

That part of a trial in which the party with the initial burden of proof presents his evidence after which he rests.(Black's, p. 196)  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - case%20in%20chief

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

preuve principale : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 7, Français, - preuve%20principale

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

On riviers, date of definite breaking or movement of ice caused by melting, current or rise of water level. On lakes, date of visual evidence of initial deterioration along shore-line [appearance of shore leads].  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - beginning%20of%20breakup

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As a rule the costs agreed to by management at the time of the initial commitment are assumed to be prudent in the absence of evidence to the contrary.  2, fiche 9, Anglais, - prudent%20cost%20concept

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En principe, les coûts auxquels consent la direction à l'époque de l'engagement initial sont présumés être raisonnables, sauf preuves contraires.  2, fiche 9, Français, - concept%20de%20co%C3%BBt%20raisonnable

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The initial or preliminary investigation... includes the care of injured persons, apprehension of the criminal at the scene or in flight, protection of the crime scene pending a search for physical evidence, and finally the recovery of stolen property.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - preliminary%20investigation

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

...les devoirs du premier policier sur [la] scène [d'un] crime, ce qu'il est convenu d'appeler les constatations préliminaires ou l'enquête préliminaire, comportent les étapes [suivantes]: assistance à la victime; arrestation du suspect; protection de la scène; fouille sommaire; localiser et identifier les témoins; transmettre les informations; noter toute observation; aviser les experts; céder ses responsabilités. Dans le langage policier, l'«enquête préliminaire» est la voie normale par laquelle la police judiciaire accomplit sa mission qui est de constater les infractions à la loi pénale, d'en rassembler les preuves et d'en rechercher les auteurs tant que l'information n'est pas ouverte. L'«enquête préliminaire» peut donc durer plus longtemps qu'un «preliminary investigation» qui se déroule principalement sur la scène d'un crime.  1, fiche 10, Français, - constatations%20pr%C3%A9liminaires

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To make the search computationally tractable, DEBUGGY assumes that the simple bugs that interact to form multiple ones can also be detected individually. This means that there exists at least one problem in which either the simple bugs appear in isolation or the complex bug is consistent with their individual manifestations. On this assumption, the generate-and-test method is first used to construct an initial hypothesis space. Every primitive bug is tested, plus a few very common combinations, and only those for which there is evidence in the data are kept. The initial hypothesis space is further reduced by eliminations of certain overlaps in coverage, with preference for multiple over single evidence. Next, the bugs in this initial hypothesis space are combined, and every combination that explains more than its parts is retained in the set of hypotheses.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - initial%20hypothesis%20space

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir espace de recherche, hypothèse initiale.  1, fiche 11, Français, - espace%20d%27hypoth%C3%A8se%20initiale

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol