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Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Doctrines of law are systematic formulations of legal principles, rules, conceptions, and standards with respect to particular situations, or types of cases, or fields of the legal order, in logically interdependent schemes, whereby reasoning may proceed on the basis of the scheme and its logical implications. Examples are the doctrine of consideration in contract, the doctrine of personal bar, and the doctrine of "respondeat superior". The development and formulation of doctrines are the work of judges and jurists, not of legislation, which treats of particular rules only.("Oxford Companion to Law", 1980, p. 371).  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - doctrine

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

doctrine : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 1, Français, - doctrine

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

If the common law recognizes a right to consent to treatment, it is only logical that it encompasses a similar right to refuse treatment and to refuse care.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - right%20to%20refuse%20care

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si le législateur a consacré l'existence d'un droit de refuser des soins [ ... ], c'est notamment parce que l'idée s'inscrivait déjà dans sa culture de non-intervention par respect pour l'autodétermination [ ... ]  2, fiche 2, Français, - droit%20de%20refuser%20des%20soins

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Classifications of "defences" or "justifications" are conventional and not very logical.... Necessity as an omnibus category probably does not exist, and its availability as a defence depends on specialized rules. In particular contexts in the law of war, military necessity may be pleaded, and the right of angary allows requisition of ships belonging to aliens lying within the jurisdiction in time of war or other public danger.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - defense%20of%20necessity

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

However, attractive as such a doctrine might be in municipal law, in international relations it would encourage too many breaches of the peace if widely adopted.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - defense%20of%20necessity

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cas d'exonération de responsabilité internationale appliquée en faveur d'un État dès lors que celui-ci est en mesure de démontrer que l'atteinte, qu'il a portée à une de ses obligations internationales a été justifiée par une nécessité absolue.  1, fiche 3, Français, - excuse%20de%20n%C3%A9cessit%C3%A9

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol