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Predictive digital soil mapping(PDSM) is a mapping technique enabled by advances in computing and data science that uses numerical or statistical models to combine information about soil-forming factors obtained from spatial data layers(environmental covariates) with point soil data in order to estimate soil features for a map area...  4, fiche 1, Anglais, - digital%20soil%20mapping

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Conventional and digital soil mapping differ primarily in the way that soil classes or attribute values are assigned to locations. In conventional soil mapping, a combination of field inspection, extrapolation and expert knowledge is used, while in digital soil mapping, field information and quantitative inference models are used to predict soil conditions at given locations.  7, fiche 1, Anglais, - digital%20soil%20mapping

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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Le principe général de la cartographie numérique des sols est [...] de prédire des classes de sol ou des propriétés de sol en utilisant d'une part les données pédologiques disponibles sur la zone à étudier et, d'autre part, les données spatiales représentant des éléments du paysage en relation (de causalité ou non) avec les sols, appelées dans la suite «covariables du sol».  2, fiche 1, Français, - cartographie%20num%C3%A9rique%20des%20sols

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Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Ensemble Prediction Systems(EPS) are numerical weather prediction(NWP) systems that allow us to estimate the uncertainty in a weather forecast as well as the most likely outcome. Instead of running the NWP model once(a deterministic forecast), the model is run many times from very slightly different initial conditions.  7, fiche 2, Anglais, - ensemble%20weather%20forecast%20system

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Les systèmes de prévision d'ensemble sont des systèmes de prévision numérique du temps qui nous permettent d'évaluer l'incertitude des prévisions météorologiques ainsi que leurs incidences les plus probables. Au lieu de faire tourner le modèle de prévision numérique une seule fois (prévision déterministe), on le fait tourner plusieurs fois avec des conditions initiales très légèrement différentes.  3, fiche 2, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20pr%C3%A9vision%20m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique%20d%27ensemble

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Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A numerical value obtained in a sample and considered the best estimate of the population from which the sample is taken.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - point%20estimate

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For example, x and s are point estimates of µ and [sigma], which represent the mean and the standard deviation. A confidence interval is typically constructed around the point estimate.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - point%20estimate

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[A point estimate] is the single best estimate of a population value when determined by a sample.  4, fiche 3, Anglais, - point%20estimate

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point estimate: term and definition standardized by the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Glossary English Editorial Board and the Translation Bureau.  5, fiche 3, Anglais, - point%20estimate

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Valeur numérique obtenue dans un échantillon et considérée comme la meilleure estimation du paramètre de la population d'où provient l'échantillon.  2, fiche 3, Français, - estimation%20ponctuelle

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Par exemple, x et s sont des estimations ponctuelles de μ et de [sigma] qui représentent la moyenne et l'écart type. On construit habituellement un intervalle de confiance autour de l'estimation ponctuelle.  2, fiche 3, Français, - estimation%20ponctuelle

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estimation ponctuelle : terme et définition normalisés par l'Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) et le Bureau de la traduction.  3, fiche 3, Français, - estimation%20ponctuelle

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Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The sea, lake and overland surges from hurricanes(SLOSH) model is a computerized numerical model developed by the National Weather Service(NWS) to estimate storm surge heights resulting from historical, hypothetical, or predicted hurricanes by taking into account the atmospheric pressure, size, forward speed, and track data.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - SLOSH%20model

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The project Tsunami Inundation Modelling Exchange(TIME) is a modelling center at Tohoku University under the direction of Nobuo Shuto that trains scientists from foreign countries in the use of numerical models to estimate the extent of tsunami flooding.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - Tsunami%20Inundation%20Modelling%20Exchange

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... the qualitative description (level 1) of instream habitat and riparian conditions surrounding the reach sampled.  4, fiche 6, Anglais, - habitat%20quality%20index

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Numerical Habitat Models(NHM) have been developed to predict fish habitat quantity, quality and distribution under different flow regimes found in rivers. These models depend on the estimation of an Habitat Quality Index(HQI) at the scale of fish microhabitat. One of the problems of NHM is that mathematical constructs to estimate HQI in one river may not be applicable to other rivers. Hence, HQI are not transferable among rivers. The most common measures of HQI are based on indices of preference of fish for specific ranges of water depth, current speed and substrate composition(referred to as Habitat Suitability Indices; HSI).  5, fiche 6, Anglais, - habitat%20quality%20index

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HSI (Habitat Suitability Index) and HQ (Habitat Quality Index) are indices of habitat quality for an evaluation species determined by systematic habitat assessments conducted in the field.  3, fiche 6, Anglais, - habitat%20quality%20index

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Habitat Quality Index ... Scores range from 0 to 100 percent with higher scores indicative of desirable habitat conditions for aquatic life. Index only applicable to wadable streams.  4, fiche 6, Anglais, - habitat%20quality%20index

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Inspiré du «Habitat Suitability Index (HSI)», élaboré aux États-Unis, l'indice de qualité de l'habitat (IQH) est un modèle mathématique qui permet d'évaluer, pour une espèce faunique, la valeur en tant qu'habitats (milieu dans lequel une espèce animale donnée trouve, en quantité suffisante, les éléments biologiques et physiques nécessaires à sa survie et à sa reproduction) d'une série de peuplements forestiers. L'IQH ne sous-entend pas une certaine densité de population pour chaque classe d'habitat, c'est-à-dire que l'IQH ne donne pas une projection de la densité d'individus possible que l'on peut trouver dans un peuplement, mais il détermine la valeur de ce peuplement en termes d'habitats pour certaines espèces.  1, fiche 6, Français, - indice%20de%20qualit%C3%A9%20de%20l%27habitat

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Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

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In BIP-I, the student model is defined only in terms of the skills, though in general other levels could be used as well. Associated with each skill is a pair of numerical values. One value stands for the system's estimate of the student's mastery of the skill and is updated by very simple techniques according to his performance on each task. The other stands for the student's own estimate of his understanding and is updated in the course of a short interview following each exercise. Since problem selection takes both values into account, this is an interesting, albeit simple, combination of inferential and interactive diagnosis.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - interactive%20diagnosis

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Applies to systems such as WUSOR, ACE, the LISP tutor and the MACSYMA ADVISOR that invite the student to participate explicitly in the diagnostic process by volunteering information, or engage in menu-driven dialogues with the student that provide information about the student’s goals. Even if the student is more involved in the formation of the student model, inferential diagnostic capabilities remain necessary.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - interactive%20diagnosis

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Voir simulateur interactif.  2, fiche 7, Français, - diagnostic%20interactif

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Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Robustness estimate. The second step in assessing robustness in estimating the impact of each environmental shock on each project.(...) We think it is better to estimate shock impact by reasoned judgment than by some form of detailed calculation. We use a numerical estimate that ranges anywhere from-10(very severe negative impact) through 0(no impact) to + 10(very strong positive impact).  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - robustness%20estimate

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