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Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A sandwich consisting of a thin beef patty that is pressed when cooked, served in a bun, usually with various toppings or condiments.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - smash%20burger

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sandwich qui contient une galette mince de bœuf haché, écrasée pendant la cuisson, servie dans un petit pain rond avec des garnitures et des condiments.  2, fiche 1, Français, - %C3%A9craburger

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Beginning with creating an impressive hamburger patty, [the grill master] decided to make them gourmet with fancy toppings, ingredients [and] sauces[. One recipe for the] gourmet burger [is] loaded with steak flavor and topped with sauteed peppers, caramelized onions and the most delicious smoked provolone cheese sauce...  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - gourmet%20hamburger

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un hamburger gourmand, bourré d'ingrédients recherchés et originaux, en plus d'être généreusement garni de fromage, c'est une bonne raison de remettre les pieds au resto.  2, fiche 2, Français, - hamburger%20gourmand

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An unsweetened round or oblong roll, used especially to hold a hamburger patty or a hot dog.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - bun

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 PHR

pain à hamburger, pain à hot-dog, pain à sous-marin  1, fiche 3, Français, - pain

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The world's first laboratory-grown beef burger was flipped out of a petri dish and into a frying pan on Monday, with food tasters declaring it tasted "close to meat. "Grown in vitro from cattle stem cells at a cost of 250, 000 euros($332, 000), the burger was cooked and eaten in front of television cameras to gain the greatest media coverage for the culmination of a five-year science experiment. Resembling a standard circular-shaped red meat patty, it was created by knitting together 20, 000 strands of laboratory-grown protein, combined with other ingredients normally used in burgers, such as salt, breadcrumbs and egg powder. Red beet juice and saffron were added to give it color.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The first laboratory-produced meat patty(cultured beef burger) presented in London on August 5, 2013, by Dr. Mark Post, a physiologist from Maastricht University in the Netherlands, was dubbed the "Frankenburger. "The professor and his colleagues produced the meat-like substance by cultivating muscle tissue from cow stem cells in fetal serum and other growth-promoting materials(vitamines, amino acids, growth hormones, sugar, etc.). The laboratory-grown meat at this stage of development is prohibitively expensive, but might one day become a substitute for "real" meat. The product needs to be enhanced to improve its texture, taste and appearance. Some scientists predict that cultured meat might be commercially available within a decade. Others say that it will be possible to grow it in one's own kitchen within 20 years.  13, fiche 4, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The development of meat substitutes is praised on ethical grounds by animal rights or welfare activists since these products have the potential to greatly reduce the inhumane raising and slaughtering of animals raised for meat. Environmentalists, economists and scientists support these products since they might one day be a cost-effective means of meeting world demands for meat, while greatly reducing greenhouse gas emissions and waste, as well as the use of water, farmland and animal feed that make intensive animal farming unsustainable. On the other hand, natural food advocates have serious doubts concerning ingredients needed to grow and enhance these products, and the long term safety of their consumption; and meat industry proponents argue that the technology still requires stem cell donors (the cells from a single donor cannot replicate indefinitely) and that the product remains a far cry from "real" meat. Only time will tell if these products will, in a perhaps not so distant future, entirely replace, or only supplement, the meat industry.  13, fiche 4, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 OBS

cultured beef hamburger : A "hamburger" is a minced beef patty. Terms such as "cultured beef hamburger" could therefore be considered pleonastic. The term "burger" is the shortened form of "hamburger. "While burgers are traditionally made of beef, non-beef burgers have become popular, and modifiers such as "veggie, ""tuna, ""chicken, ""nut, "and "soya" are used to describe them. Given this relatively new reality, the use of seemingly pleonastic terms such as "cultured beef burger" may be justified.  13, fiche 4, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 4 OBS

The combination of terms such as "hamburger," "cultured," "laboratory," "in vitro" and their short forms to create neologisms designating this product yields an impressive number of synonyms. This will remain the case as long as terminology used to describe this relatively new concept is not well established.  13, fiche 4, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 5 OBS

synthetic hamburger; artificial hamburger: The terms "synthetic meat" and "artificial meat" designate products that imitate meat but that are not necessarily laboratory-grown from animal cells. Hence, the use of qualifiers such as "synthetic" and "artificial" might lead to confuse a cultured hamburger with, for example, a soy-based burger.  13, fiche 4, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 6 OBS

Terms such as "Frankenburger" that do not include the modifier "beef" might very well be used some day to designate similar laboratory-grown products made from animal cells other than beef.  13, fiche 4, Anglais, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cet hamburger synthétique, surnommé le «Frankenburger», a été élaboré dans le laboratoire de l'université de Maastricht en trois mois à [partir] de cellules souches de bœuf. En septembre 2011, un expert en physiologie de cette université, Mark Post, avait annoncé son projet de développer avec son équipe une viande de synthèse. [...] Les 20 000 fibres de muscles ont été cultivées en laboratoire, pressées ensemble, colorées avec du jus de betterave et assaisonnées de safran afin de donner une couleur rouge au «Frankenburger» qui aurait eu un aspect naturel gris sans ces modifications.  15, fiche 4, Français, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il s'agit du premier hamburger créé en laboratoire et présenté à Londres le 5 août 2013 pour dégustation. Ce steak haché de viande synthétique a été confectionné à partir de cellules souches de vache cultivées dans un milieu contenant des acides aminées, des vitamines, du sérum fœtal et des hormones de croissance. On y a ajouté de la chapelure, du sel, de la poudre d'œuf ainsi que du jus de betterave et du safran pour la couleur. Certains scientifiques disent que ce type de produit pourrait être cultivé à la maison d'ici vingt ans. C'est une solution envisageable pour diminuer les émissions de gaz à effet de serre attribuables aux animaux d'élevage tout en répondant à la demande mondiale en viande bovine qui risque de doubler d'ici 2050.  16, fiche 4, Français, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

steak in vitro; steak cultivé en laboratoire à partir de cellules souches; steak de viande artificielle : Ce nouveau produit ayant davantage l'apparence et la consistance de viande hachée que de bifteck, ces termes sont employés pour évoquer l'idée de «steak haché» tel que lorsqu'on parle de «steak tartare».  16, fiche 4, Français, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 OBS

La terminologie n'est pas bien établie pour désigner ce concept, comme en témoigne le nombre de termes utilisés. La combinaison de termes tels que burger, hamburger, steak, cellules souches, cultivé, laboratoire et in vitro, se décline à l'infini, et on compte, parmi les synonymes utilisés, de nombreuses locutions plus ou moins longues.  16, fiche 4, Français, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 4 OBS

steak de viande artificielle; hamburger synthétique; hamburger artificiel : Étant donné l'emploi des termes «viande synthétique» et «viande artificielle» pour désigner des produits imitant la viande qui ne sont pas nécessairement cultivés en laboratoire à partir de cellules animales, il y a, sans contexte, risque de confusion avec des imitations à base de soja, par exemple.  16, fiche 4, Français, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 5 OBS

burger de cellules souches : Le produit est fabriqué à partir de cellules souches, mais le produit fini est constitué de cellules de muscles plutôt que de cellules souches. (Les cellules souches se transforment en myocytes ou cellules musculaires qui forment des fibres musculaires.)  16, fiche 4, Français, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Do not confuse with "cross flory" or "cross patty".  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - cross%20patonce

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[The cross patonce] has expanded ends like the cross patée, but each terminates in three points.  4, fiche 5, Anglais, - cross%20patonce

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Croix aux branches généralement curvilignes et dont les extrémités élargies se divisent chacune en trois pointes.  2, fiche 5, Français, - croix%20enhend%C3%A9e

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

croix pattée à douze pointes : Proposition faite en partant du principe que c'est une croix mixte et qu'elle ressemble à une croix pattée (dont les extrémités s'élargissent) sauf que les extrémités des branches sont fendues en trois pointes.  2, fiche 5, Français, - croix%20enhend%C3%A9e

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A round bun shaped to hold a hamburger patty.  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - hamburger%20bun

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Petit pain rond d'environ 4 pouces, soit de la grosseur de la galette de bœuf haché utilisée pour confectionner un hamburger.  2, fiche 7, Français, - pain%20%C3%A0%20hamburger

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «hambourgeois» proposé par l'Office québécois de la langue française n'est pas passé dans l'usage.  3, fiche 7, Français, - pain%20%C3%A0%20hamburger

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Happy Birthday to You" is an American song which is sung to celebrate the anniversary of a person’s birth. Non-English speakers have translated it into other languages.  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - Happy%20Birthday%20to%20You

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The "Happy Birthday" story begins with two sisters from Kentucky Mildred J. Hill and Patty Smith Hill... One day in 1893 Patty... came up with the modest melody we now know as "Happy Birthday"; sister Patty added some simple lyrics and completed the creation of "Good Morning to All" a simple greeting song for teachers to use in welcoming students to class each day... Here the trail becomes murky--nobody really knows who wrote the words to "Happy Birthday to You" and put them to the Hills’ melody or when it happened. The "Happy Birthday to You" lyrics first appeared in a songbook edited by one Robert H. Coleman in March of 1924 where they were published as a second stanza to "Good Morning to You"; with the advent of radio and sound films "Happy Birthday" was widely popularized as a birthday celebration song and its lyrics supplanted the originals... The Chicago-based music publisher Clayton F. Summy Company working with Jessica Hill published and copyrighted "Happy Birthday" in 1935... so under current law the copyright protection of "Happy Birthday" will remain intact until at least 2030.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - Happy%20Birthday%20to%20You

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La chanson «Happy Birthday» [...] était au départ intitulée "Good morning to all" et fut composée en 1893 par deux sœurs du nom de Mildred J. Hill et Patty Smith Hill [...] Personne ne sait comment le texte a évolué de «Good morning to all» à «Happy birthday to you» [...] Sur ce bonne fête tout le monde.  3, fiche 8, Français, - Joyeux%20Anniversaire

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Beef patty. Fresh boneless beef-seasoning optional-filler not allowed.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - fresh%20boneless%20beef

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Galette de bœuf. Bœuf frais désossé - assaisonnements facultatifs - agent de remplissage interdit.  1, fiche 9, Français, - b%26oelig%3Buf%20frais%20d%C3%A9soss%C3%A9

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Patty shaped lean ground beef.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - ground%20beef%20patty

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Beef meat only - other ingredients not allowed - maximum fat levels: extra lean - 10%; lean - 17%, medium - 23%, regular - 30%.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - ground%20beef%20patty

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bœuf haché en forme de galette.  1, fiche 10, Français, - galette%20de%20b%26oelig%3Buf%20hach%C3%A9

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Viande de bœuf seulement - aucun autre ingrédient n'est autorisé - teneurs maximales en gras : extra maigre - 10 %, maigre - 17 %, mi-maigre - 23 %, ordinaire - 30 %.  1, fiche 10, Français, - galette%20de%20b%26oelig%3Buf%20hach%C3%A9

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A thick tortilla roughly the size of a fast-food hamburger patty, filled with refried beans, cheese and sometimes pork rind.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - pupusa

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The signature food of El Salvador.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - pupusa

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

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[...] le plat typique salvadorien est la pupusa, une galette de farine de maïs fourrée soit avec du fromage, du porc ou de la purée d'haricots frits.  1, fiche 11, Français, - pupusa

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pupusa viene del náhuatl pupushahua que significa hinchazón y, por extensión, tortilla rellena . La tortilla es de masa de maíz y de arroz. Pueden rellenarse con queso, chicharrón, frijoles o combinadas, pescado, camarón y, para los vegetarianos, loroco, chipilín y ayote. [...] En la capital [San Salvador], este platillo se come acompañado de curtido de vinagre y salsa de tomate natural.  1, fiche 11, Espagnol, - pupusa

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Plato típico de El Salvador.  2, fiche 11, Espagnol, - pupusa

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Guided by the belief that every life has equal value, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation works to reduce inequities and improve lives around the world. In developing countries, it focuses on improving health, reducing extreme poverty, and increasing access to technology in public libraries. In the United States, the foundation seeks to ensure that all people have access to a great education and to technology in public libraries. In its local region, it focuses on improving the lives of low-income families. Based in Seattle, the foundation is led by CEO Patty Stonesifer and Co-chairs William H. Gates Sr., Bill Gates, and Melinda French Gates.  1, fiche 12, Anglais, - Bill%20%26%20Melinda%20Gates%20Foundation

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La Fondation est une fondation américaine humaniste philanthropique créée en janvier 2000. Son but est d'apporter à la population mondiale des innovations en matière de santé et d'acquisition de connaissances. Elle s'efforce d'utiliser l'effet de levier en encourageant l'implication des personnes et personnalités politiques concernées. Certaines critiques dénoncent toutefois l'implication de la fondation dans le capital des sociétés responsables de divers problèmes sanitaires et humains.  2, fiche 12, Français, - Bill%20%26%20Melinda%20Gates%20Foundation

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A very small patty or cream-puff shell filled with creamed meat or fish.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - bouch%C3%A9e

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Petite croûte de pâte feuilletée, petit vol-au-vent dont l'intérieur est garni de petits morceaux de viandes ou de poissons divers en sauce, se servant comme entrée.  2, fiche 13, Français, - bouch%C3%A9e

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

We started our feast with a cup of the delicate, lightly creamed She Crab Soup... rich and a good appetizer.... an unusually tasty Maine Jonah Crab meat patty in a sweet/sour sauce and a Dungeness Crab meat patty... A nice presentation and another great appetizer.  2, fiche 14, Anglais, - crab%20patty

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

patty : a small, thin round of ground or finely chopped food such as meat... fish or vegetables.  3, fiche 14, Anglais, - crab%20patty

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Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There has been much talk in the United States recently about the risks of chemical and biological terrorism, but there has only been one death in the US caused by the use of a chemical agent and none through biological terrorism. That one death occurred in 1973 when members of the Symbionese Liberation Army(which later became famous for kidnapping Patty Hearst) shot one person with a cyanide-tipped bullet.  1, fiche 15, Anglais, - cyanide%2Dtipped%20bullet

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Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Order, says clutter guru Patty Kreamer, is blissful and productive. [She] packed her presentation to the Carnegie Business Library... with dozens of tips and insightful advice on obstacles that keep us from tackling the task of clutter and how to overcome them-both at home and at the office.  2, fiche 16, Anglais, - clutter%20guru

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Moyennant finances, les «clutter gourous» (spécialistes de l'encombrement), aident les nouveaux ascètes à faire le vide.  1, fiche 16, Français, - sp%C3%A9cialiste%20de%20l%27encombrement

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A beef patty seasoned with parsley, broiled or fried with onions and served with a gravy made from the pan drippings.  2, fiche 17, Anglais, - Salisbury%20steak

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

patty : a small, flat cake of ground meat, fish, etc., usually fried.  2, fiche 18, Anglais, - salmon%20patty

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mexican flavoured beef and cheese patty from Murry's Steaks is made from two specially seasoned beef patties, cheddar cheese and jalapeno and serrano peppers.  2, fiche 19, Anglais, - Serrano%20pepper

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The Serrano is more widely used in Mexico and the southwestern United States than any of the fresh chili-peppers, despite the popularity of the jalapeno. Jean Andrews, Peppers Domesticated Capsicums p. 110.  2, fiche 19, Anglais, - Serrano%20pepper

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A hot pepper also called serrano chili used in pickling, market and sauce. (Taken from Petoseed p. 27).  2, fiche 19, Anglais, - Serrano%20pepper

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Will eject mould patty and waxed sheets at the same time. Supplied with 3 different size patty-moulds.  2, fiche 20, Anglais, - hamburger%20mould

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Espagnol