TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

What is serious insubordination? Gross misconduct at work is an act so serious that it justifies summary dismissal of an employee for a first offence, in other words, dismissal without notice or pay in lieu of notice. In broad terms, the act must be one that irreparably damages the trust and confidence between the employer and employee, such that the working relationship has become untenable.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - gross%20insubordination

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans certaines circonstances, l'insubordination grave peut être considérée comme un motif sérieux justifiant la résiliation du contrat de travail sans préavis.  2, fiche 1, Français, - insubordination%20grave

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Aviation liability insurance is an insurance contract which insures the owner of an aircraft against loss sustained on account of having to pay damages for injuries to persons or property inflicted by or in the operation of such aircraft.  4, fiche 2, Anglais, - aviation%20liability%20insurance

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The most common type of aviation liability insurance, often referred to as third party liability insurance, insures aircraft owners for damage that their aircraft does to people and their property.  5, fiche 2, Anglais, - aviation%20liability%20insurance

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Defendants found liable for intentional torts may be ordered to pay punitive or exemplary damages in addition to the special and general damages payable in ordinary tort cases. Such damages, which have also been described as "vindictive", "penal", "aggravated" and "retributory", are awarded in cases of high-handed, malicious, or contemptuous conduct, in order to punish the defendant for the wrong and to make an example of him in order to deter others from committing such torts.  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - contemptuous%20conduct

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les défendeurs déclarés responsables de délits intentionnels peuvent être tenus de payer des dommages-intérêts exemplaires ou punitifs, en plus des dommages-intérêts spéciaux et généraux normalement accordés à l'issue de poursuites en responsabilité délictuelle. Ces dommages-intérêts sont accordés dans des cas de conduite tyrannique, malveillante ou méprisante, pour punir le défendeur et en faire un exemple qui servira à dissuader d'autres personnes de commettre les mêmes délits.  2, fiche 3, Français, - conduite%20m%C3%A9prisante

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the parties make a bona fide and genuine attempt to pre-estimate a loss on possible breach by either a promise to pay a liquidated sum or agreed damages then this will not be construed as a penalty.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - agreed%20damages

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

agreed damages : term used in the plural in this context.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - agreed%20damages

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dommages-intérêts conventionnels : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 4, Français, - dommages%2Dint%C3%A9r%C3%AAts%20conventionnels

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

dommages-intérêts conventionnels : terme utilisé au pluriel dans ce contexte.  2, fiche 4, Français, - dommages%2Dint%C3%A9r%C3%AAts%20conventionnels

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One explanation of the survival of a right to damages draws on a distinction between primary and secondary contractual obligations. The breach of a primary contractual obligation, that is, the failure to discharge a duty expressly or impliedly created by the contract, gives rise to a secondary obligation to pay damages. This secondary obligation will arise by operation of law unless the contract itself deals with the matter.  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - secondary%20contractual%20obligation

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Obligation that stems from the failure to perform the contract, such as the obligation to compensate the other party.  4, fiche 5, Anglais, - secondary%20contractual%20obligation

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Obligation découlant du défaut d'exécution du contrat, telle l'obligation d'indemniser l'autre partie.  2, fiche 5, Français, - obligation%20contractuelle%20secondaire

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

obligation contractuelle secondaire; obligation secondaire : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, fiche 5, Français, - obligation%20contractuelle%20secondaire

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One explanation of the survival of a right to damages draws on a distinction between primary and secondary contractual obligations. The breach of a primary contractual obligation, that is, the failure to discharge a duty expressly or impliedly created by the contract, gives rise to a secondary obligation to pay damages. This secondary obligation will arise by operation of law unless the contract itself deals with the matter.  3, fiche 6, Anglais, - primary%20contractual%20obligation

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Obligation that stems primarily from the contract, that is, the obligation to perfom the contract as opposed to the obligation to compensate for failure to perform.  4, fiche 6, Anglais, - primary%20contractual%20obligation

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Obligation qui découle en premier lieu du contrat, c'est-à-dire celle d'exécuter le contrat par opposition à celle d'indemniser pour cause de défaut d'exécution.  2, fiche 6, Français, - obligation%20contractuelle%20primaire

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

obligation contractuelle primaire; obligation primaire : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, fiche 6, Français, - obligation%20contractuelle%20primaire

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... in Photo Production Ltd. v. Securicor Transport Ltd. His Lordship drew a distinction between the "general" secondary obligation to pay damages, which usually arises on the breach of any primary contractual obligation, and an "anticipatory" secondary obligation which may arise on termination.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - general%20secondary%20obligation

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

obligation secondaire générale : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 7, Français, - obligation%20secondaire%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A person who, maliciously and without reasonable and probable cause, procures the arrest of a ship by Admiralty proceedings is liable to pay damages to the person aggrieved.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - admiralty%20proceeding

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the buyer can bring himself within the principle of "Hall' s" case he may be entitled to recover not only his loss of profit on sub-sales(for that is what it comes to) but also any damages which he may have had to pay his sub-buyer in respect of his loss of profit, and indeed that of other sub-buyers in the string. Moreover, if the buyer has been sued by his sub-buyer and has had to pay damages and costs, he is entitled to claim from the seller the total sum he has had to pay in respect of damages and costs as well as a sum in respect of his own costs.(Atiyah, 5th ed., 1975, p. 309)  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - sub%2Dbuyer

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

sous-acheteur : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 9, Français, - sous%2Dacheteur

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

If the buyer can bring himself within the principle of "Hall' s" case he may be entitled to recover not only his loss of profit on sub-sales(for that is what it comes to) but also any damages which he may have had to pay his sub-buyer in respect of his loss of profit, and indeed that of other sub-buyers in the string. Moreover, if the buyer has been sued by his sub-buyer and has had to pay damages and costs, he is entitled to claim from the seller the total sum he has had to pay in respect of damages and costs as well as a sum in respect of his own costs.(Atiyah, 5th ed., 1975, p. 309)  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - sub%2Dsale

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

sous-vente : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 10, Français, - sous%2Dvente

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The right that the seller in a contract of sale has to resell if the buyer does not pay the price as agreed. When the goods are perishable or the unpaid seller gives notice to the buyer of his intention to resell, and the buyer does not pay the price within a reasonable time, if the seller is in possession of the goods he may resell them and recover from the first buyer damages for any loss.(A Concise Dictionary of Law, 1986, p. 320)  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - right%20of%20resale

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

droit de revente : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 11, Français, - droit%20de%20revente

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Contractors’ bonds. Bonds of two types :(1) a performance bond which guarantees that the contractor will perform the contract and if he defaults and fails to complete the contract, the surety will complete the work or pay damages up to the limit of the bond;(2) a labor and materials payment bond which guarantees the owner that all bills for labor and materials contracted for and used by the contractor will be paid by the surety if the contractor defaults.  3, fiche 12, Anglais, - contractor%27s%20bond

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cautionnement d'entrepreneur : terme générique qui englobe la garantie (ou cautionnement) de bonne exécution et le cautionnement de paiement.  2, fiche 12, Français, - cautionnement%20d%27entrepreneur

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bail in error were sureties whom a party prosecuting a writ of error... was required to find, and who undertook that the plaintiff in error should prosecute his writ of error with effect, and that in case the plaintiff failed to do so, or the judgment in the court below was affirmed, he should pay all the debt, damages and costs adjudged upon the former judgment, and all costs and damages to be awarded by reason of the delay of execution on such former judgment.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - bail%20in%20error

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ce type de cautionnement se rapporte à une ancienne action en common law introduite par voie de bref d'erreur («writ of error»).  1, fiche 13, Français, - cautionnement%20en%20erreur

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Defendants found liable for intentional torts may be ordered to pay punitive or exemplary damages in addition to the special and general damages payable in ordinary tort cases. Such damages, which have also been described as "vindictive", "penal", "aggravated" and "retributory", are awarded in cases of high-handed, malicious or contemptuous conduct, in order to punish the defendant for the wrong and to make an example of him in order to deter others from committing such torts.  2, fiche 14, Anglais, - malicious%20conduct

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les défendeurs déclarés responsables de délits intentionnels peuvent être tenus de payer des dommages-intérêts exemplaires ou punitifs, en plus des dommages- intérêts spéciaux et généraux normalement accordés à l'issue de poursuites en responsabilité délictuelle. Ces dommages-intérêts sont accordés dans des cas de conduite tyrannique, malveillante ou méprisante, pour punir le défendeur et en faire un exemple qui servira à dissuader d'autres personnes de commettre les mêmes délits.  2, fiche 14, Français, - conduite%20malveillante

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

conduite malveillante : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, fiche 14, Français, - conduite%20malveillante

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Every person is expected to conduct themselves without injuring others. When they do cause injury to others, either intentionally or by negligence, they can be required by a court to pay money to the injured party("damages") so that, ultimately, they will suffer the pain caused by their action. Compensation is probably the most important social role of tort law.  2, fiche 15, Anglais, - cause%20injury%20to

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Defendants found liable for intentional torts may be ordered to pay punitive or exemplary damages in addition to the special and general damages payable in ordinary tort cases. Such damages, which have also been described as "vindictive", "penal", "aggravated" and "retributory", are awarded in cases of high-handed, malicious, or contemptuous conduct, in order to punish the defendant for the wrong and to make an example of him in order to deter others from committing such torts.  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - high%2Dhanded%20conduct

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les défendeurs déclarés responsables de délits intentionnels peuvent être tenus de payer des dommages-intérêts exemplaires ou punitifs, en plus des dommages-intérêts spéciaux et généraux normalement accordés à l'issue de poursuites en responsabilité délictuelle. Ces dommages-intérêts sont accordés dans des cas de conduite tyrannique, malveillante ou méprisante, pour punir le défendeur et en faire un exemple qui servira à dissuader d'autres personnes de commettre les mêmes délits.  1, fiche 16, Français, - conduite%20tyrannique

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fiche terminologique en droit de la responsabilité délictuelle fournie par le Centre de traduction et de documentation juridique de l'Université d'Ottawa.  2, fiche 16, Français, - conduite%20tyrannique

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"compensatory amount" means the amount remaining, after subtracting any taxes, of the amount collected [an amount arising from a legal liability to pay damages which is collected by or in respect of the pensioner] or of the compensation [which is payable to or in respect of the pensioner...  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - compensatory%20amount

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

«montant compensatoire ». Le solde net de tout impôt du montant [découlant d'une obligation légale de payer des dommages-intérêts qui est recouvrée par le pensionné ou à son égard] ou de l'indemnité [qui est payable à celui-ci ou à son égard [...]  1, fiche 17, Français, - montant%20compensatoire

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An obligation to compensate another for the other’s loss.  2, fiche 18, Anglais, - duty%20to%20indemnify

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The case involved deciding when an insurance company has the duty to defend and when an insurance company has the duty to indemnify its insured, in this case, a contractor. The duty to defend requires that the insurance company pay for the defense of a claim. The duty to indemnify requires the insurance company pay for the covered damages found to be caused by its insured.  3, fiche 18, Anglais, - duty%20to%20indemnify

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La Cour d'appel réitère que peu importe la voie suivie (appel en garantie, action récursoire, requête Wellington), le principe de base demeure : l'obligation de défendre est distincte de l'obligation d'indemniser et les conditions de déclenchement de chacune de ces obligations sont différentes.  2, fiche 18, Français, - obligation%20d%27indemniser

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Perhaps the most far-reaching change, and the one that will affect all auditors, directors and officers, is the introduction of a regime of modified proportionate liability to replace the current joint and several liability regime.... In principle, a defendant will in the future only be liable to pay damages that correspond to his or her degree of responsibility for the loss.  2, fiche 19, Anglais, - modified%20proportionate%20liability

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Under the modified proportionate liability regime in Canada, joint and several liability will continue to be applied to claims made by unsophisticated investors [individuals whose net worth is less than a threshold amount].  3, fiche 19, Anglais, - modified%20proportionate%20liability

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La modification la plus importante et qui touchera tant les vérificateurs, les administrateurs que les dirigeants est sans doute la mise en place d'un régime de responsabilité proportionnelle modifiée, remplaçant l'actuel régime de responsabilité solidaire. [...] En principe, un défendeur sera, à l'avenir, tenu de verser uniquement les dommages-intérêts correspondant à son degré de responsabilité à l'égard de la perte.  2, fiche 19, Français, - responsabilit%C3%A9%20proportionnelle%20modifi%C3%A9e

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Au Canada, le législateur a intégré dans quelques lois un régime de responsabilité proportionnelle modifiée (modified proportionate liability), dans lequel la responsabilité solidaire continue de s'appliquer pour les investisseurs non avertis (c'est-à-dire ceux dont la valeur des investissements reste inférieure à un seuil chiffré).  3, fiche 19, Français, - responsabilit%C3%A9%20proportionnelle%20modifi%C3%A9e

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To adopt a trademark, a thorough search should be done to determine that nobody has already taken that idea, then an application should be filed with the trademark office.  3, fiche 20, Anglais, - adopt%20a%20trademark

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 CONT

If you adopt a mark that is confusingly similar to an existing mark, then you may be liable for trademark infringement, with the possible consequences ranging from having to give up all use of your mark, to having to pay treble damages, attorneys fees, court costs, and prejudgment interest.  2, fiche 20, Anglais, - adopt%20a%20trademark

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The general term "mark" is often used in texts as an elliptical variant of "trademark."  4, fiche 20, Anglais, - adopt%20a%20trademark

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

... Trademarks that describe the ingredients, qualities, features, purpose or characteristics of a product or service. These marks are not inherently distinctive, and thus do not receive trademark protection unless they acquire distinctiveness through secondary meaning.  5, fiche 20, Anglais, - adopt%20a%20trademark

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] avant d'adopter une marque de commerce, une recherche complète devrait être effectuée afin de s'assurer que la marque proposée ne prête pas à confusion avec une autre marque de commerce ou avec un nom commercial.  1, fiche 20, Français, - adopter%20une%20marque%20de%20commerce

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Il est indispensable de procéder à des recherches d'antériorité avant d'adopter une marque.  2, fiche 20, Français, - adopter%20une%20marque%20de%20commerce

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In deciding whether to dispense with an undertaking to pay damages caused by an interlocutory order in an environmental protection action, the court may consider any special circumstances, including whether the action is a test case or raises a novel point of law.  1, fiche 21, Anglais, - pay%20damages

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Statute cited: Canadian Environmental Protection Act.  2, fiche 21, Anglais, - pay%20damages

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour décider d'exempter ou non de l'engagement de payer les dommages causés par une ordonnance provisoire, le tribunal peut tenir compte des circonstances particulières de l'espèce, y compris le fait qu'il s'agit d'une cause type ou que la cause soulève un nouveau point de droit.  1, fiche 21, Français, - payer%20les%20dommages

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Loi citée : Loi canadienne sur la protection de l'environnement.  2, fiche 21, Français, - payer%20les%20dommages

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Undertakings to pay damages.... In deciding whether to dispense with an undertaking to pay damages caused by an interlocutory order in an environmental protection action, the court may consider any special circumstances, including whether the action is a test case or raises a novel point of law.  1, fiche 22, Anglais, - dispense

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Statute cited: Canadian Environmental Protection Act.  2, fiche 22, Anglais, - dispense

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Engagement de payer les dommages. [...] Pour décider d'exempter ou non de l'engagement de payer les dommages causés par une ordonnance provisoire, le tribunal peut tenir compte des circonstances particulières de l'espèce, y compris le fait qu'il s'agit d'une cause type ou que la cause soulève un nouveau point de droit.  1, fiche 22, Français, - exempter

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Loi citée : Loi canadienne sur la protection de l'environnement.  2, fiche 22, Français, - exempter

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The company shall pay any costs, damages or awards of settlement.  1, fiche 23, Anglais, - award%20of%20settlement

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Enrico Ferri, major proponent of the positive school of criminology, advocated in 1927 that the State should impose as an element of punishment a strict obligation on the part of the offender to pay damages to the victim.  1, fiche 24, Anglais, - positive%20school

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Espagnol