TERMIUM Plus^®

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The two series of pot experiments were carried out at the Department of Plant Production Ecology in Uppsala, Sweden(63o81′N, 20o24′E) during 2007. The effects of the pre-planting treatments were tested in two outdoor pot trials arranged in rows 2 m [meters] apart and with 40 cm [centimeters] spacing between plants. Mitscherlich pots were filled with 4 L of planting soil and one seed tuber(40–50 mm [milimeters]) was planted per pot. After planting, an additional 1. 5 L [liter] soil were added, giving a planting depth of 5 cm. The experiments were laid out in a completely randomized design, with 10 replicates and three potato cultivars in each experiment. The cultivars used were Matilda, Cicero and Ditta in Experiment 1, and Matilda, Ditta and Ovatio in Experiment 2. The pots were kept outdoors from 11 June to 23 July(Experiment 1) and 16 June to 31 July(Experiment 2). The main differences between the experiments were the length of the pre-sprouting periodand cultivars.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - pre%2Dsprouting%20period

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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Combien de temps faut-il pour faire durcir les germes ? Minimum 5 semaines. Ensuite, plus la période de prégermination est longue, plus c’est bénéfique, pourvu que les sacs [de pommes de terre] soient bien exposés au vent et au soleil.  1, fiche 1, Français, - p%C3%A9riode%20de%20pr%C3%A9germination

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Vernalización: Requerimientos biológicos de determinados cultivos (por ejemplo, los cereales de invierno) que requieren temperaturas frías extremas en el período previo a la germinación y/o durante las primeras etapas vegetativas, para florecer y producir semillas.  1, fiche 1, Espagnol, - periodo%20previo%20a%20la%20germinaci%C3%B3n

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The globally averaged surface air temperature increase, averaged over a 20-year period, centered at the time of CO₂ doubling(i. e. at year 70 in a 1% per year compound CO₂ increase experiment with a global coupled climate model).  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - transient%20climate%20response

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Augmentation de la température moyenne mondiale de l'air à la surface, moyennée sur une période de 20 ans, centrée à l'époque du doublement du CO₂ (c'est-à-dire sur l'année 70 dans une expérience d'augmentation annuelle de 1 % de CO₂ combinée avec un modèle climatique couplé mondial).  1, fiche 2, Français, - r%C3%A9ponse%20climatique%20transitoire

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Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Very little work has been done on range management problems, the answers to which are essential to determine how a range must be handled in order that it may be maintained in a productive and improved condition. These latter types of investigations must be carried on under carefully controlled conditions and for a long period of time. It is for these studies in particular that a range experiment station is required.  4, fiche 3, Anglais, - range%20experiment%20station

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Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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During the course of an experiment or survey, replication is the determination of a value more than once so as to obtain a better estimation of the variation. Replication should be distinguished from repetition by the fact that replication of an experiment denotes repeated determinations carried out, as far as possible, at one place and one period of time. The successive determinations, including the first, are called replicates.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - replication

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replicate: An experiment or procedure that repeats another done at the same time.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - replication

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replication: term standardized by ISO.  4, fiche 4, Anglais, - replication

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Chaque réalisation, y compris la première, dans le cas d'une expérience ou d'une partie d'expérience réalisée plus d'une fois dans les mêmes conditions.  1, fiche 4, Français, - r%C3%A9p%C3%A9tition

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répétition : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  2, fiche 4, Français, - r%C3%A9p%C3%A9tition

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Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

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the initial period of an experiment, such as the interval between a ready signal and the presentation of a stimulus.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - foreperiod

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Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

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An experiment in which selected objects or materials are irradiated in the reactor core for a defined period(a few months to several years) generally expressed in effective full power days(EFPD).  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - irradiation%20experiment

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The devices used are either experimental sub-assemblies, or rigs housed in carrier sub-assemblies.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - irradiation%20experiment

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Le grand prix de la SFEN [Société Française d’Énergie Nucléaire] vient couronner le très bon fonctionnement de ce réacteur permettant la conduite d’expériences d’irradiation nécessaires aux avancées des recherches sur le traitement des déchets radioactifs.  1, fiche 6, Français, - exp%C3%A9rience%20d%26rsquo%3Birradiation

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Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

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In countries like Spain or France,... experiments to evaluate apricot resistance have to be carried out in controlled conditions using insect-proof greenhouses. One of the most important aspects of such growth conditions is the application of periods of artificially induced dormancy in cold chambers so that tree species from temperate zones can undergo the necessary endodormancy-breaking step. In the experiment..., GF305 peach and Real Fino apricot seedlings were exposed to artificial periods of cold(7°C) and darkness lasting 3 to 12 weeks(between 504 and 2016 hours of cold) in order to determine the optimum period for subsequent good vegetative growth.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - hour%20of%20cold%20temperatures

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Hardy spring and summer blooming bulbs are best planted in the fall to give them time to develop a root system and meet their cold requirement. Hardy bulbs usually need a certain number of hours of cold temperatures to bloom.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - hour%20of%20cold%20temperatures

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hour of cold temperature; hour of cold: terms usually used in the plural (hours of cold temperatures; hours of cold).  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - hour%20of%20cold%20temperatures

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Unité de temps servant à exprimer la durée d'action d'une température basse nécessaire à la réalisation d'un phénomène biologique, tel que la levée de dormance des graines, des bourgeons ou des boutons floraux, l'initiation florale.  2, fiche 7, Français, - heure%20de%20froid

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Dans l'expérience décrite, des plantules du pêcher GF305 et de l'abricotier Real Fino ont été exposées à des périodes artificielles de froid (7 °C) et d'obscurité durant 3 à 12 semaines (entre 504 et 2016 heures de froid) pour définir la période optimale permettant une bonne croissance végétative subséquente.  3, fiche 7, Français, - heure%20de%20froid

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Les températures les plus efficaces sont comprises entre 2 et 7 °C. On les exprime en somme d'heures de froid de façon analogue à la somme des températures.  2, fiche 7, Français, - heure%20de%20froid

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heure de froid : terme habituellement utilisé au pluriel (heures de froid).  4, fiche 7, Français, - heure%20de%20froid

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Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

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When 4 of the 6 positive individuals in the preceding experiment had mixed comparable amounts of chemotherapeutic drugs in a closed-face, vertical laminar flow hood, no increase in mutagenic activity was detected in their urine concentrates over a 8-day period.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - vertical%20laminar%20flow%20hood

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

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Les hottes a flux laminaire horizontal et les hottes à flux laminaire vertical sont des enceintes de sécurité qui assurent la protection du matériel biologique. L'air y est maintenu en surpression pour empêcher l'entrée des contaminants extérieurs.  1, fiche 8, Français, - hotte%20%C3%A0%20flux%20laminaire%20vertical

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Cabina de flujo laminar vertical. [...] La campana de flujo laminar es una cámara donde se establece un flujo de aire vertical, a modo de cortina, que evita que las micropartículas y aerosoles que se puedan crear al manipular los citostáticos salgan al exterior y no contaminen al manipulador y al ambiente, creando una barrera entre la zona donde se está manejando el fármaco y donde se sitúa el trabajador. Mediante un sistema de aspiración se recoge el aire contaminado y después de pasarlo por unos filtros, devuelve una parte al medio y otra la expulsa al exterior.  1, fiche 8, Espagnol, - campana%20de%20flujo%20laminar%20vertical

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Effects on early seedling growth of seeding stand and orchard seed of Pinus sylvestris L. in different mixtures(100, 75, 50, 25, and 0% of orchard seed) at 4-cm target spacing were quantified in one nursery and one field experiment during a 2-and 5-year period, respectively. In the field experiment, 50% mixtures at 8-and 12-cm target spacing were also studied.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - field%20experiment

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Les effets sur la croissance initiale des semis d'un ensemencement avec différents mélanges de graines de Pinus sylvestris L. pour un espacement de 4 cm ont été mesurés dans une expérience en pépinière et une expérience au champ pendant des périodes de 2 et 5 ans, respectivement.  1, fiche 9, Français, - exp%C3%A9rience%20au%20champ

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Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Second step in the process of individual change. During this period, the new mode of functioning is introduced, and organizations experiment with "new ways" of doing business. This is the true change process; old habits have to be abandoned and new ones acquired.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - transition

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Deuxième étape de l'intégration d'un changement chez l'individu. Correspond à la période durant laquelle on s'initie au nouveau mode de fonctionnement et on expérimente les «nouvelles façons» de faire les choses.  1, fiche 10, Français, - transition

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En gestion du changement.  2, fiche 10, Français, - transition

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Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

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An acoustic mixer, used to ultrasonically mix metallic melts, was developed for the experiment. The mixer allowed low-temperature processing of the immiscible material : the two components were heated to just above their respected melt temperatures.(Previously, alloys had been heated above the miscibility gap to mix the components.) Thus, the benefits of acoustic mixing included(1) a reduction in experiment power requirements and(2) a shortened sample cooling time. These benefits were important because of the short low-gravity period(approximately 6 minutes) available during the TEXUS sounding rocket mission.  2, fiche 11, Anglais, - acoustic%20mixer

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Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The ERBS satellite, was deployed from the Space Shuttle Challenger in October 1984 by NASA Astronaut Sally Ride and later launched by the Shuttle "Challenger" crew into a 57 degree inclination precessing orbit with a period of approximately 72 days. In addition to the ERBE scanning and nonscanning instruments, the satellite also carried the Stratospheric Aerosol Gas Experiment(SAGE II).  2, fiche 12, Anglais, - Earth%20Radiation%20Budget%20Satellite

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Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The World Ocean Circulation Experiment(WOCE) is by far the largest, most ambitious oceanographic experiment ever carried out. The WOCE observational program began in 1990, but the origins of WOCE go back to the late 1970s. The experiment has involved the efforts of more than 40 nations over a period of more than 10 years, making use of several different satellites, dozens of ships, and thousands of instruments... In 1983, the CCCO [Committee on Climatic Change and the Ocean] and the Joint Scientific Committee of the World Climate Research Programme established a Scientific Steering Group(SSG) to design and implement a global scale oceanographic experiment the World Ocean Circulation Experiment.  3, fiche 13, Anglais, - World%20Ocean%20Circulation%20Experiment

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Conference, 1988, Paris. By the IOC,SCOR, WMO and ICSV  4, fiche 13, Anglais, - World%20Ocean%20Circulation%20Experiment

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Experience sur la circulation océanique mondiale (version de l'Unesco); Experience mondiale concernant la circulation océanique (version de l'Organisation météorologique mondiale).  3, fiche 13, Français, - Exp%C3%A9rience%20sur%20la%20circulation%20oc%C3%A9anique%20mondiale

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Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The Global Precipitation Climatology Project(GPCP) is an element of the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment(GEWEX) of the World Climate Research Program(WCRP). It was established by the WCRP in 1986 with the initial goal of providing monthly mean precipitation data on a 2. 5 x 2. 5 degree latitude-longitude grid for the period 1986-1995. This was recently extended to the year 2000. The GPCP will accomplish this by merging infrared and microwave satellite estimates of precipitation with rain gauge data from more than 30, 000 stations.  3, fiche 14, Anglais, - Global%20Precipitation%20Climatology%20Project

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Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A preliminary practice period in an experiment or test, the object being to introduce the subject to the experimental or test situation, and any manipulation required on his or her part, and sometimes to get a base line from which to estimate variability from day to day, or the effect of the introduction of the variable condition being studied.  1, fiche 15, Anglais, - fore%2Dexercise

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Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

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In New Brunswick and in British Columbia the federal government is funding the Self-Sufficiency Project, a controlled experiment designed to determine the effectiveness of an earnings supplement for single-parent social assistance recipients who take jobs and agree to leave social assistance. The intervention being tested is a limited temporary supplementation of participants’ earned incomes for a three year period in order to support the transition from welfare to work. This project is being managed by the Social Research and Demonstration Corporation. The project started in the fall of 1992 and is expected to span an eight-year period consisting of five years of operations with three years of follow-up research.  2, fiche 16, Anglais, - The%20Self%2DSufficiency%20Project

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Au Nouveau-Brunswick et en Colombie-Britannique le gouvernement fédéral subventionne le Projet d'autosuffisance, une expérience contrôlée ayant comme objectif l'évaluation de l'efficacité d'un supplément au revenu de travail pour les bénéficiaires de l'aide sociale monoparentaux qui assument un emploi et qui acceptent de se retirer des programmes d'aide sociale. La situation qui fait ici l'objet d'un examen consiste en un supplément temporaire aux salaires qui sont versés aux participants pendant une période limitée de trois ans, afin de les aider à effectuer la transition de l'aide sociale au marché du travail. La Société de recherche sociale appliquée gère ce projet qui a débuté à l'automne 1992 et qui doit se dérouler sur une période de huit années, comprenant cinq années d'opérations et trois années de travaux de recherches en forme de suivis de l'expérience.  2, fiche 16, Français, - Projet%20d%27autosuffisance

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Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Tillage systems need to be compared over an extended period of time to determine their transitional and long-term impacts on crop growth and soil properties. A 15-yr experiment established in 1976 compared reduced tillage systems with conventional fall moldboard plowing for production of continuous corn(Zea mays L.) on a Maryhill silt loam soil(Typic Hapludalf). [Pascal Data Base].  3, fiche 17, Anglais, - moldboard%20plowing

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Planche : Une planche est une pièce de terre plate ou peu bombée, obtenue lorsqu'on laboure avec une charrue versant toujours du même côté et travaillant par allers et retours en partant soit de l'axe médian de la pièce (labour en planche en adossant), soit de deux côtés opposés (labour en planche en refendant).  2, fiche 17, Français, - labour%20en%20planche

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Weather modification experiment whose design involves two areas, only one of which is seeded at a time, with the area for seeding being randomly selected for each time period.  1, fiche 18, Anglais, - cross%2Dover%20experiment

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Expérience de modification du temps réalisée sur deux zones que l'on ensemence une à la fois, la zone ensemencée étant choisie au hasard pour chaque période.  1, fiche 18, Français, - exp%C3%A9rience%20crois%C3%A9e

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Experiencia de modificación del tiempo que comprende dos zonas, de las cuales sólo se siembra una cada vez; la zona de siembra se elige al azar en cada período.  1, fiche 18, Espagnol, - experiencia%20cruzada