TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"The presence or absence of reasonable anticipation of damage determines the legal quality of the act as negligent or innocent. If it be thus determined to be negligent or innocent, then the question whether particular damages are recoverable depends only on the answer to the question whether they are the direct consequence of the act... "  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - direct%20consequence

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Le fait qu'on puisse ou non raisonnablement prévoir un dommage permet de déterminer si l'acte constitue ou non une négligence sur le plan juridique. Si l'on en vient à la conclusion qu'il y a eu négligence, le demandeur pourra obtenir réparation à l'égard de dommages donnés s'ils sont la conséquence directe de l'acte en question..."  2, fiche 1, Français, - cons%C3%A9quence%20directe

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

conséquence directe : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, fiche 1, Français, - cons%C3%A9quence%20directe

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The criterion for remission of estreated bail is that of undue hardship. The judge, at the time he determines whether the estreatment should be mitigated, takes into consideration the hardship which is likely to result. Therefore, the question of financial hardship must be assessed on the basis of its effect at the time the application for remission is made, rather than as of the date the bail was estreated. An application for remission of forfeited goods may be based on two criteria : innocence and hardship.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - remission%20of%20estreated%20bail

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The criterion for that type of remission is that of undue hardship.  3, fiche 2, Anglais, - remission%20of%20estreated%20bail

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Recours qui s'applique en raison de la trop grande sévérité du châtiment.  2, fiche 2, Français, - remise%20de%20cautionnement%20confisqu%C3%A9

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

With the apparent successes of deep learning in modeling high-dimensional data in other domains such as computer vision and natural language processing, a natural question to ask is whether numerical weather models can also be learned purely from data. This question sparked some debate after initial studies showed the general feasibility of such an approach for medium-range weather forecasting.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - medium%2Drange%20weather%20forecasting

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Where any question arises as to whether the Correctional Investigator has jurisdiction to investigate any particular problem, the Correctional Investigator may apply to the Federal Court for a declaratory order determining the question.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - declaratory%20order

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'enquêteur correctionnel peut demander à la Cour fédérale de rendre une ordonnance déclaratoire déterminant l'étendue de sa compétence à l'égard d'un sujet d'enquête en particulier.  3, fiche 4, Français, - ordonnance%20d%C3%A9claratoire

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «ordonnance déclaratoire» est le terme employé dans les lois fédérales et les lois de l'Ontario.  4, fiche 4, Français, - ordonnance%20d%C3%A9claratoire

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

déclaratif : Qui constate un fait préexistant [...] ou reconnaît un droit préexistant (mais contesté); se dit de certains actes juridiques ou de certains jugements [...] comp. déclaratoire.  5, fiche 4, Français, - ordonnance%20d%C3%A9claratoire

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The popular early name for an American Indian who treats the sick or has special powers. More specific terms are used by contemporary scholars. Medicine men also exist in other primitive societies.  4, fiche 5, Anglais, - medicine%20man

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The medicine man played the role of mediator between the gods and simple humans. He interpreted dreams, directed all religious ceremonies and dances, questioned the supernatural powers, looked into the future and advised the warriors. Finally he cured the sick, using magic plants, and practised exorcism and magic with incantations related to the Micmac nation’s religious mythology.  5, fiche 5, Anglais, - medicine%20man

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In religious matters, powwows (priests or medicine men) were in charge, using their powers to cure the sick, bring rain or ensure victory in battle.  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - medicine%20man

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The Indian of the Colombian Amazon distinguish two general classes of bioactive plants. The first are regarded as sacred, and they are used exclusively by or under the strict supervision of the "payé", or medicine man.  6, fiche 5, Anglais, - medicine%20man

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Stylistic synonyms :"medicine man", "pow(w) ow", "predictor" and "shaman". These three terms have all too frequently been used interchangeably, owing to the overlapping job descriptions of each one of these terms. The same can be said of the corresponding French equivalents "sorcier", "guérisseur", "chaman(e) ", "homme-médecine", "sorcier guérisseur", etc. Often an author's selection of one word over that of another is solely based on a particular perspective he wants to impart on his text : by using "medicine", he would emphasize the beneficial powers of the person in question; whereas by using "shaman", a term originally used to refer to a Siberian medicine man, the author would focus on the use of magic in the performance of rituals. Note however that "shaman/chamane" would be the term used by Europeans to describe the occult performed by non-Europeans; it would not be used by native peoples to refer to one of their own kind. As for "powwow", this author does not recommend its use today because of the confusion that might arise, owing to the polysemous nature of the term(could also mean a special meeting). Nevertheless the use of "powwow", a specific native term used by certain aboriginal tribes in the past, could impart an ethnic coloring to a given text if such is desired. The interchangeability of similar terms occurs also in French. Hence, in French, one who heals but is not certified as a doctor is commonly called a "guérisseur"; whereas one who specializes in magic(whether for medicinal purposes or not) is called a "sorcier".  7, fiche 5, Anglais, - medicine%20man

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

guérisseur : Spécialiste censé obtenir la guérison des malades ou réussir un traitement chirurgical grâce à des pouvoirs surnaturels ou grâce à des connaissances expérimentales positives dont la mise en œuvre est seulement favorisée par la bienveillance d'esprits tutélaires [...] Le rôle du «medicine-man» (ou guérisseur) au sens propre fut de la plus grande importance dans la plupart des sociétés indiennes d'Amérique.  2, fiche 5, Français, - sorcier

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Prêtre-sorcier, à la fois devin et thérapeute [...]  4, fiche 5, Français, - sorcier

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le sorcier micmac jouait le rôle d'intermédiaire entre les divinités et les simples mortels. Il interprétait les rêves, dirigeait toutes les cérémonies religieuses et toutes les danses, interrogeait les puissances surnaturelles, prédisait l'avenir et conseillait les guerriers. Finalement, il guérissait les malades à l'aide des plantes magiques et pratiquait l'exorcisme et la magie au moyen d'incantations se rattachant à la mythologie religieuse de la nation micmaque.  1, fiche 5, Français, - sorcier

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Chez la plupart des tribus populeuses les hommes de médecine de cette classe étaient associés en gildes ou en sociétés, et à des occasions spéciales faisaient de grandes cérémonies de guérison ou «de restauration de la vie (vitalité)» [...]  5, fiche 5, Français, - sorcier

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A bitumen obtained after the final stage of distillation of a petroleum of a suitable type.  6, fiche 6, Anglais, - straight%2Drun%20bitumen

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The asphalt-base petroleum will produce asphalt by a physical process. During the distillation, several different fractions are separated from the petroleum ... When the distillation process is controlled so that overheating and subsequent chemical changes do not take place, the asphalt residue that remains is called a straight-run asphalt. Generally, a two-step operation is used.  7, fiche 6, Anglais, - straight%2Drun%20bitumen

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

There is some question as to whether these terms may also refer to a blend of different grades of straight-run bitumen.  8, fiche 6, Anglais, - straight%2Drun%20bitumen

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bitume obtenu après distillation du pétrole brut.  5, fiche 6, Français, - bitume%20pur

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les bitumes purs : ainsi dénommés car obtenus par divers procédés de raffinage à partir de bruts pétroliers. Ils ne comportent aucun ajout destiné à en modifier la consistance ou les propriétés.  1, fiche 6, Français, - bitume%20pur

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les bitumes de distillation directe, produits au cours de la distillation du pétrole; celle-ci est généralement conduite en deux étapes : la première à pression atmosphérique, la seconde sous vide. Le type de ces bitumes en est le Mexphalte 40/50 (SHELL), produit généralement utilisé en France et convenant pour l'enrobage des déchets qui, après immobilisation, intègrent une dose de rayonnement ne dépassant pas 1.10⁸rads.  6, fiche 6, Français, - bitume%20pur

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 3 CONT

L'extrusion. Ce procédé est applicable à une grande variété de déchets : solutions aqueuses, concentrats d'évaporation, boues de traitements chimiques, échangeurs d'ions, cendres d'incinération. Il peut utiliser les deux classes de bitume : bitumes de distillation directe et bitumes soufflés, mais il est particulièrement adapté à la mise en œuvre des secondes qui, à basse température, donnent des enrobés visqueux.  6, fiche 6, Français, - bitume%20pur

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

bitume de distillation directe : Désigne le produit direct de la distillation, avant tout mélange.  7, fiche 6, Français, - bitume%20pur

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

bitume pur : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR.  7, fiche 6, Français, - bitume%20pur

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The secondary question which arises is whether a parent who has lost custody as a result of an interim court order can exercise custody rights following the resumption of cohabitation and re-assumption of parenting duties.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - exercise%20custody%20rights

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

exercer un droit de garde : terme tiré du Mini-lexique de la garde des enfants et reproduit avec l'autorisation du Centre de ressources en français juridique de l'Université de Saint-Boniface.  2, fiche 7, Français, - exercer%20un%20droit%20de%20garde

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Where there is a contract for the sale of goods to be delivered by stated instalments that are to be separately paid for, and the seller makes defective deliveries in respect of one or more instalments, or the buyer neglects or refuses to take delivery of or pay for one or more instalmetns, it is a question in each case depending on the terms of the contract and the circumstances of the case, whether the breach of contract is a repudiation of the whole contract or whether it is a severale breach giving rise to a claim for compensation, but not to a right to treat the whole contract as repudiated.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - severable%20breach

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The question whether a person acting in good faith has given value for property is often of importance when the person from whom he acquired it had not a perfect title as against some other person.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - give%20value

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Value is often used as an abbreviation for "valuable consideration", especially in the phrases "purchaser for value," "holder for value," etc.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - give%20value

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Non-performance as a Bar to Enforcement of Contract. Whenever one party to a contract fails to fulfil his obligation under the contract the question arises whether this failure constitutes a bar to his enforcement of the other party's obligation. This problem may arise either as a result of an event for which the non-performing party is not responsible... or as a result of a breach of contract by him.(9 Hals., 4th ed., pp. 352-3)  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - non%2Dperformance

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Denoting a total failure of performance.  3, fiche 10, Anglais, - non%2Dperformance

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

S'agissant d'une inexécution totale.  2, fiche 10, Français, - inex%C3%A9cution

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

inexécution : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, fiche 10, Français, - inex%C3%A9cution

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The question is... whether the husband has a right at law to recover for an impairment of consortium as opposed to a complete loss of consortium.  2, fiche 11, Anglais, - impairment%20of%20consortium

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

détérioration du consortium : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 11, Français, - d%C3%A9t%C3%A9rioration%20du%20consortium

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Where the subject-matter of the contract lacks some quality which it is believed to have, the first question is whether the quality forms part of the contractual description of the thing.... If there is no contractual misdescription, mistake as to quality has in general no effect.  3, fiche 12, Anglais, - mistake%20as%20to%20quality

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Normally, a party enters into a contract with a view to obtaining the consideration provided by the other : for example, the buyer wants the goods and the seller the price. In the United States it has been said that this is essential, and that "nothing is consideration that is not regarded as such by both parties. "But English courts do not insist on this requirement and often regard an act or forbearance as the consideration for a promise even though it was not the object of the promisor to secure it. They may also regard the possibility of some prejudice to the promisee as a detriment without regard to the question whether it has in fact been suffered. These practices may be called inventing consideration...  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - invented%20consideration

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A question, however, that has been much canvassed is whether a non-statutory, i. e. an equitable assignment, is effective as between assignor and assignee if made for no consideration.  1, fiche 14, Anglais, - non%2Dstatutory%20assignment

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... Lord Reid mentioned... the question whether issue estoppel applies equally to a point of assumption or admission as to a point fully litigated.  1, fiche 15, Anglais, - point%20of%20admission

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] Lord Reid a mentionné [...] si l'"issue estoppel" s'applique autant à un point postulé ou concédé qu'à un point qui a été débattu à fond.  2, fiche 15, Français, - point%20conc%C3%A9d%C3%A9

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On application by the new separate agency or the employee organization affected, the Board must determine every question that arises as to whether any employee or class of employees is included in a bargaining unit determined by the Board under paragraph 84(1)(a) to constitute a unit appropriate for collective bargaining, or is included in any other unit [Public Service Modernization Act, 2003].  2, fiche 16, Anglais, - class%20of%20employees

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

À la demande du nouvel organisme distinct ou de l'organisation syndicale concernée, la Commission se prononce sur l'appartenance de tout fonctionnaire ou de toute catégorie de fonctionnaires à une unité de négociation qu'elle a définie en vertu des alinéas 84(1)a) ou 89a), ou sur leur appartenance à toute autre unité [Loi sur la modernisation de la fonction publique, 2003].  3, fiche 16, Français, - cat%C3%A9gorie%20d%27employ%C3%A9s

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Charities can and do charge fees for their charitable programs, but when their fees are high enough that they exclude those in need of the service or provide a return above the break-even point, it raises the question of whether their purpose is indeed charitable. A key to identifying whether a training business or social business is a charitable program in its own right(as opposed to a potentially "related" business) is to determine whether its focus is on helping the clientele or on making a profit.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - charitable%20program

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les organismes de bienfaisance peuvent exiger des frais pour leurs programmes de bienfaisance et elles le font. Toutefois, lorsque ces frais ont pour effet d'exclure certaines des personnes qui ont besoin de leurs services ou de donner à l'organisme un rendement qui va au-delà du seuil de rentabilité, cela soulève la question de savoir si son objectif relève véritablement de la bienfaisance. Un moyen clé de savoir si une entreprise de formation ou une entreprise sociale met [en] œuvre un programme relevant de la bienfaisance (par opposition à ce qui pourrait être une activité commerciale complémentaire) est de voir si elle se concentre sur l'aide à la clientèle plutôt que sur la réalisation d'un profit.  1, fiche 17, Français, - programme%20de%20bienfaisance

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As for any population viability analysis, the results presented here should be viewed with healthy skepticism. However, the modeling exercise was useful for examining the relative benefits of alternate recovery options, and for highlighting priorities for data collection and research.  2, fiche 18, Anglais, - healthy%20skepticism

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In these small-group settings, trust can serve to facilitate the smooth functioning of group processes, but it can also diminish the critical nature of discussion and debate and serve to de­politicize group proceedings altogether. In contrast, Trettin and Musham contend that distrust can offer a ’healthy skepticism, critical thinking, and the ability to question whether the rules of the game are operating as they should’...  3, fiche 18, Anglais, - healthy%20skepticism

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The executor must not unreasonably delay in getting in the assets and settling the affairs of the estate and he will be personally liable for any loss occasioned by undue delay. There is no hard-and-fast rule as to what constitutes undue or unreasonable delay, but it is the practice to speak of the executor's or administrator's year and the Courts attach importance to the question whether the alleged failure to convert or realize assets which resulted in the loss to the estate occurred within or beyond a year. [Feeney, "The Canadian Law of Wills : Probate, "1976, p. 165].  1, fiche 19, Anglais, - executor%27s%20year

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

délai annal de l'exécuteur testamentaire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 19, Français, - d%C3%A9lai%20annal%20de%20l%27ex%C3%A9cuteur%20testamentaire

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The better view appears to be that the question(whether the effect of divorce on a will is governed by the law which determines whether the divorce will be recognized) should be regarded as one of testamentary law and in the absence of statutes should be governed by the law of the testator's domicile at the date of the divorce in the case of moveables and by the law of the "situs" in the case of immoveables.(Hull & Cullity, "Macdonell, Sheard and Hull on Probate Practice". 3rd ed., 1981, p. 301)  1, fiche 20, Anglais, - testamentary%20law

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

droit des successions testamentaires : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 20, Français, - droit%20des%20successions%20testamentaires

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Additional and substituted legacies. It not infrequently occurs that more than one legacy is given to a legatee, either in the same or in different testamentary instruments. In such cases the question may arise whether the legacy last given is to be in addition to or in substitution for the previous legacies. The testator may indicate clearly his intention that the second legacy is addition or substitutional as the case may be.(Jarman, p. 1101)  1, fiche 21, Anglais, - substituted%20bequest

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

«Legs substitué» est la forme elliptique de «legs substitué de biens personnels» et s'emploie lorsque le contexte le permet.  1, fiche 21, Français, - legs%20substitu%C3%A9%20de%20biens%20personnels

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

legs substitué de biens personnels; legs substitué : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 21, Français, - legs%20substitu%C3%A9%20de%20biens%20personnels

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An instrument is usually construed as a lease if it contains words of present demise. The circumstance that the lessee is to have immediate possession under the agreement is a strong indication that it is a present demise. In all cases the question whether an agreement operates as a present demise, or only as an agreement for a lease, depends on the parties’ intention.(27 Hals., 4th ed., p. 51)  1, fiche 22, Anglais, - present%20demise

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

transport à bail actuel : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 22, Français, - transport%20%C3%A0%20bail%20actuel

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Expressions in a will praying or recommending that a thing be done, e. g., that property bequeathed to a legatee be disposed of by him for the benefit of other persons, the question then arising whether the legatee was meant to take absolutely or merely as a trustee for such other persons....(Jowitt, p. 1405)  1, fiche 23, Anglais, - precatory%20words

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

precatory words: term usually used in the plural.  2, fiche 23, Anglais, - precatory%20words

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

termes précatifs : terme habituellement utilisé au pluriel.  2, fiche 23, Français, - termes%20pr%C3%A9catifs

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

termes précatifs : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 23, Français, - termes%20pr%C3%A9catifs

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In addition to the terms which the parties have expressly adopted, there may be other terms imported into the contract, these latter being generally known as implied terms, though this nomenclature is misleading in that it covers a number of dissimilar notions. As a general rule, the courts will enforce not only the terms expressly agreed between the parties, but also those which are to be logically implied from those express terms.... Even where a term may not be logically implied from the words used, the law admits of certain other terms to be implied as follows :(1) terms which the parties probably had in mind but did not express;(2) terms which the parties, whether or not they actually had them in mind, would probably have expressed if the question had been brought to their attention; and(3) terms that, whether or not the parties had them in mind or would have expressed them if they had foreseen the difficulty, are implied rules of law.(9 Hals., 4th ed., p. 224)  1, fiche 24, Anglais, - implied%20term

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

clause implicite : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 24, Français, - clause%20implicite

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Overholding with consent. Until rent is paid or something said or done on the part of the landlord to indicate an intention to treat the tenant holding over as his tenant for a further term, the landlord may treat him as a trespasser and bring an action of ejectment. When, however, a tenant is allowed to continue in possession after the expiration of a tenancy by agreement, the terms on which he continues to occupy are matters of evidence rather than of law. If there is nothing to show a different understanding he will be considered to hold on the terms of the old lease in so far as these terms are applicable. It is also a question of intention whether the parties, when the lease provides for overholding, intend the tenant to remain under the overholding provisions or under a new lease.(Anger and Honsberger, 2nd, p. 285-286)  1, fiche 25, Anglais, - holding%20over

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

occupation après terme : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 25, Français, - occupation%20apr%C3%A8s%20terme

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Delivery may be absolute or conditional and if the latter, it will be said to be delivery "in escrow" if the deed is to be held by someone not a party to it until some condition is performed by the party to be benefitted by the deed and upon fulfilment to take effect. (Lamont, "Real Estate Conveyancing", 1976, p. 85).  1, fiche 26, Anglais, - delivery%20in%20escrow

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Under the old law, a deed could not be delivered, as an escrow, direct to the grantee. Delivery in escrow was made to a third party-the first delivery-and, upon the fulfilment of the condition, the third party would deliver the deed to the grantee-the second delivery. It seems that the old law no longer applies. The more modern approach is to treat the question as one of fact; even where there is delivery to the grantee, the intention of the parties must be ascertained, from the transaction as a whole, as to whether the delivery was absolute or conditional.(Mendes da Costa and Balfour, p. 401)  1, fiche 26, Anglais, - delivery%20in%20escrow

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le syntagme verbal correspondant «deliver in escrow» peut se rendre en français par «délivrer sous condition».  1, fiche 26, Français, - d%C3%A9livrance%20sous%20condition

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

délivrance sous condition : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 26, Français, - d%C3%A9livrance%20sous%20condition

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A covenant may be expressly annexed to the dominant land by appropriate language. Whether or not a covenant runs with the land is "in each case a question of intention to be determined by the Court on the construction of the particular document, and with due regard to the nature of the covenant and the surrounding circumstances". The deed itself must so define the land to be benefited as to make it easily ascertainable, for there is no notion of annexation to dominant land by implication.(Anger & Honsberger, 2nd ed. 1985, p. 909)  1, fiche 27, Anglais, - annexation

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

annexion : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 27, Français, - annexion

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The term "domestic animals" includes all those domestic or tame animals as by habit or training live in association with man. An animal which does not exist in a wild state anywhere in the world is in law a domestic animal. It is a question of law, not fact, whether an animal is within the class of domestic animals or wild animals.(2 Hals., 4th, p. 85-86)  2, fiche 28, Anglais, - animal%20domitae%20naturae

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The common law divided animals into two main groups, "domitae naturae", or domestic, and "ferae naturae", or wild. Domestic animals were treated the same as ordinary chattels and one might have an absolute property in them, but live, wild animals were subject only to a qualified or defeasible property right, dependent upon actual physical control or possession ... (Fryer, 3rd ed., 1938, pp. 53-4).  2, fiche 28, Anglais, - animal%20domitae%20naturae

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En common law, les animaux domestiques font l'objet d'une propriété absolue, au même titre que s'il s'agissait d'objets inanimés.  3, fiche 28, Français, - animal%20domitae%20naturae

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 OBS

animal domestique; animal domitae naturae : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  4, fiche 28, Français, - animal%20domitae%20naturae

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Whether the act or omission in question is one which a reasonable man would recognize as posing an unreasonable risk must be determined by balancing the magnitude of the risk... against the difficulty, expense or other disadvantage of desisting from the venture or taking a particular precaution.  2, fiche 29, Anglais, - omission

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

omission : Terme emprunté au droit civil.  2, fiche 29, Français, - omission

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Absence of advantage; an unfavourable condition or circumstance.  2, fiche 30, Anglais, - disadvantage

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Whether the act or omission in question is one which a reasonable man would recognize as posing an unreasonable risk must be determined by balancing the magnitude of the risk... against the difficulty, expense or other disadvantage of desisting from the venture or taking a particular precaution.  3, fiche 30, Anglais, - disadvantage

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is often said that res ipsa loquitur applies only where the "exact" or "ultimate" cause of the accident remains unexplained. This means no more than that, once a particular act or omission by the defendant has been established as a cause of the harm, there is no longer any need for an inference as to causal responsibility and the question resolves itself simply into whether the cause thus established connotes negligence.  2, fiche 31, Anglais, - causal%20responsibility

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

responsabilité causale : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 31, Français, - responsabilit%C3%A9%20causale

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... this question might affect our decision as to whether to opt for a campaign based on a burst pattern or a consistent level of advertising(i. e. two or three weeks of heavily concentrated advertising at two-month intervals compared with one advertisement a week for 52 weeks).  1, fiche 32, Anglais, - consistent%20level%20of%20advertising

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] cette question peut affecter notre décision d'opter pour une campagne de publicité de type intense ou d'un niveau uniforme (c'est-à-dire deux ou trois semaines de publicité très concentrée à deux mois d'intervalle, par rapport à une publicité par semaine pendant 52 semaines).  1, fiche 32, Français, - campagne%20de%20publicit%C3%A9%20d%27un%20niveau%20uniforme

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This finding put literacy issues squarely on the policy agenda and raised important new questions. Key among them was whether the profiles of literacy skills of adults in these two North American countries were any different from those of other industrialized nations. Encouraging action on the literacy policy front in Canada and in the US was seen as dependant, at least in part, on an answer to this question.  1, fiche 33, Anglais, - literacy%20policy

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les politiques en matière d'alphabétisation et de santé doivent tenir compte de deux choses : l'influence des capacités de lecture et d'écriture sur la santé des populations et des individus ainsi que l'importance de la littératie en matière de santé, soit la capacité d'une personne d'obtenir, de comprendre et d'utiliser l'information et les services sanitaires de base nécessaires à la prise de décisions éclairées sur la santé.  1, fiche 33, Français, - politique%20en%20mati%C3%A8re%20d%27alphab%C3%A9tisation

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To resolve the question of a product's nature, the marketer must determine whether the product comes within the category of foodstuffs or another category, in particular that of medicine. This question is critical where the product is a food supplement, i. e. a product with a nutritional aim or other health food. Under French law, food supplements do not exist presently as a separate category of products. Thus, all products having a nutritional aim need to be categorised wither as foodstuffs or as medicines...  1, fiche 34, Anglais, - product%20with%20a%20nutritional%20aim

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le Tonyu est un produit à finalité nutritionnelle.  2, fiche 34, Français, - produit%20%C3%A0%20finalit%C3%A9%20nutritionnelle

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Extradition of the citizens of the requested state. Another question, which often arises, is whether a citizen of the requested state should be handed over for trial in respect of commission of an offence in the requesting State. The relevant treaty of extradition may contain provisions in this regard, but generally the provisions of treaties are silent on this question. It therefore becomes necessary for each government to decide whether it would extradite its own nationals even though there may exist a treaty between the requesting and the requested states. It may be argued, on the one hand, that if a state is competent under its own laws to try and punish its nationals for crimes committed abroad, there is no need to surrender them to the requesting State, as they can be dealt with adequately in the requested State. On the other hand, it may be pointed out that the courts of the country where the crime is committed would be in a better position to deal with the matter since witnesses would be available more readily there and it may also be necessary to have local inspection of the place of the offence.  2, fiche 35, Anglais, - requested%20State

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

requested State: term extracted from the "Disarmament and Peace Keeping" glossary with the permission of the United Nations Office at Geneva.  3, fiche 35, Anglais, - requested%20State

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

État qui est invité à livrer un individu à un État qui le lui réclame en vertu d'un traité d'extradition.  2, fiche 35, Français, - %C3%89tat%20requis

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

État requis : terme tiré du lexique «Désarmement et Maintien de la Paix» avec l'autorisation de l'Office des Nations Unies à Genève.  3, fiche 35, Français, - %C3%89tat%20requis

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El Estado requerido podrá denegar la extradición cuando sea competente, según su propia legislación, para juzgar a la persona cuya extradición se solicitó por el delito en que se funda el requerimiento. Si por este motivo la extradición es denegada por el Estado requerido, éste someterá el caso a sus autoridades competentes y comunicará la decisión al Estado requirente.  1, fiche 35, Espagnol, - Estado%20requerido

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Extradition of the citizens of the requested state. Another question, which often arises, is whether a citizen of the requested state should be handed over for trial in respect of commission of an offence in the requesting state. The relevant treaty of extradition may contain provisions in this regard, but generally the provisions of treaties are silent on this question. It therefore becomes necessary for each government to decide whether it would extradite its own nationals even though there may exist a treaty between the requesting and the requested states. It may be argued, on the one hand, that if a state is competent under its own laws to try and punish its nationals for crimes committed abroad, there is no need to surrender them to the requesting state, as they can be dealt with adequately in the requested state. On the other hand, it may be pointed out that the courts of the country where the crime is committed would be in a better position to deal with the matter since witnesses would be available more readily there and it may also be necessary to have local inspection of the place of the offence.  1, fiche 36, Anglais, - requesting%20State

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On parle [...], en matière d'extradition, de la remise par l'État requis à l'État requérant d'une personne poursuivie pour crime ou délit et qui s'est réfugiée sur le territoire de l'État requis.  1, fiche 36, Français, - %C3%89tat%20requ%C3%A9rant

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El Estado requerido podrá denegar la extradición cuando sea competente, según su propia legislación, para juzgar a la persona cuya extradición se solicitó por el delito en que se funda el requerimiento. Si por este motivo la extradición es denegada por el Estado requerido, éste someterá el caso a sus autoridades competentes y comunicará la decisión al Estado requirente.  1, fiche 36, Espagnol, - Estado%20requirente

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Whether the act or omission in question is one which a reasonable man would recognize as posing an unreasonable risk must be determined by balancing the magnitude of the risk... against the difficulty, expense or any other disadvantage or desisting from the venture or taking a particular precaution.  2, fiche 37, Anglais, - unreasonable%20risk

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the question before the court was whether the s. 11(h) protection against double jeopardy extended to police disciplinary proceedings so as to preclude a subsequent criminal trial based on the same conduct for which the police officer had been internally disciplined.  1, fiche 38, Anglais, - disciplinary%20proceedings

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] notre Cour était appelée à décider si la protection contre le double péril prévue à l'al. 11h) s'appliquait à l'instance disciplinaire et empêchait une poursuite criminelle subséquente pour les mêmes actes lorsque le policier avait fait l'objet de mesures disciplinaires.  1, fiche 38, Français, - instance%20disciplinaire

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A prefix meaning one thousand. Its abbreviation is K. In computer use it also refers to the "power of two" closest to that number, [1024 = 2 to the 10th power].  4, fiche 39, Anglais, - kilo%2D

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 OBS

... a ’K’ is used for a number which is either 1, 000 or 1, 024, depending on whether the context calls for integral powers of 10 or 2. If we say that a certain computer has a memory capacity of 4 K words, then, this means either 4, 000 or 4, 096 words, depending on whether the computer in question has a decimal or binary address system. However, the usage is a little loose : the number 216=65, 536 is written either as 64 K or 65 K.  3, fiche 39, Anglais, - kilo%2D

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 3 OBS

In metrology, the lower case "k" is the proper symbol for kilo-; however, in computer use, the upper case "K" seems to prevail.  5, fiche 39, Anglais, - kilo%2D

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] quantité d'information [...] qui vaut, en informatique, 1024, soit 2[à la dixième puissance].  1, fiche 39, Français, - kilo%2D

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Kbit, Kmot, Koctet.  1, fiche 39, Français, - kilo%2D

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En métrologie on utilise le «k» minuscule comme symbole de kilo-; mais, en informatique, il semble que c'est le «K» majuscule qui l'emporte.  2, fiche 39, Français, - kilo%2D

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In law, used particularly with reference to the question of illegality as to whether a sale, contract, etc., is to be set aside from its inception or from the time of action by a party.  2, fiche 40, Anglais, - ab%20initio

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Quand un acte est nul «ab initio», c'est qu'il est nul dès sa formation; le jugement le déclarant nul ne fait que déclarer un état de fait antérieur. Au contraire, l'acte annulable était atteint d'un vice, mais n'était pas nul au moment de sa formation; il le devient, lorsque le tribunal prononce l'annulation.  3, fiche 40, Français, - ab%20initio

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The question whether the benefit of a covenant has been annexed so as to run with the dominant land is one of intention, dependent upon the construction of the instrument, the nature of the covenant, and the surrounding circumstances.(Ontario Law Reform Commission, Report on Covenants affecting Freehold Land, 1989, p. 34)  2, fiche 41, Anglais, - annex

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is an open question whether a delivery which is defective under section 30 ipso facto entitles the buyer to treat the contract as repudiated...  2, fiche 42, Anglais, - defective%20delivery

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le jugement qui a très exactement cerné le préjudice subi par les intimés en lien direct et certain avec la gêne occasionnée par une livraison imparfaite [...].  1, fiche 42, Français, - livraison%20imparfaite

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An area, whether all of a country, part of a country, or all or parts of several countries, as identified by the competent authorities, in which a specific pest or disease does not occur.  1, fiche 43, Anglais, - pest%2Dor%20disease%20free%20area

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A pest-or disease-free area may surround, be surrounded by, or be adjacent to an area-whether within part of a country or in a geographic region which includes parts of or all of several countries-in which a specific pest or disease is known to occur but is subject to regional control measures such as the establishment of protection, surveillance and buffer zones which will confine or eradicate the pest or disease in question.  1, fiche 43, Anglais, - pest%2Dor%20disease%20free%20area

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Zone, qu'il s'agisse de la totalité d'un pays, d'une partie d'un pays ou de la totalité ou de parties de plusieurs pays, identifiée par les autorités compétentes, dans laquelle un parasite ou une maladie spécifique n'existe pas.  1, fiche 43, Français, - zone%20exempte%20de%20parasites%20ou%20de%20maladies

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Une zone exempte de parasites ou de maladies peut entourer une zone, être entourée par une zone ou être adjacente à une zone - qu'il s'agisse d'une partie d'un pays ou d'une région géographique englobant des parties ou la totalité de plusieurs pays - dans laquelle il est connu qu'un parasite ou une maladie spécifique existe mais qui fait l'objet de mesures régionales de contrôle telles que l'établissement d'une protection, d'une surveillance et de zones tampons qui circonscriront ou éradiqueront le parasite ou la maladie en question.  1, fiche 43, Français, - zone%20exempte%20de%20parasites%20ou%20de%20maladies

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[zona libre de plagas o enfermedades] Zona designada por las autoridades competentes, que puede abarcar la totalidad de un país, parte de un país o la totalidad o partes de varios países, en la que no existe una determinada plaga o enfermedad.  1, fiche 43, Espagnol, - zona%20libre%20de%20plagas%20o%20enfermedades

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Una zona libre de plagas o enfermedades puede rodear, estar rodeada por o ser adyacente a una zona -ya sea dentro de una parte de un país o en una región geográfica que puede comprender la totalidad o partes de varios países - en la que se sepa que existe una determinada plaga o enfermedad pero que esté sujeta a medidas regionales de control tales como el establecimiento de zonas de protección, vigilancia y amortiguamiento que aíslen o erradiquen la plaga o enfermedad en cuestión.  1, fiche 43, Espagnol, - zona%20libre%20de%20plagas%20o%20enfermedades

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[pest- or disease-free area] An area, whether all of a country, part of a country, or all or parts of several countries, as identified by the competent authorities, in which a specific pest or disease does not occur.  1, fiche 44, Anglais, - disease%2Dfree%20area

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A pest-or disease-free area may surround, be surrounded by, or be adjacent to an area-whether within part of a country or in a geographic region which includes parts of or all of several countries-in which a specific pest or disease is known to occur but is subject to regional control measures such as the establishment of protection, surveillance and buffer zones which will confine or eradicate the pest or disease in question.  1, fiche 44, Anglais, - disease%2Dfree%20area

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[zone exempte de parasites ou de maladies] Zone, qu'il s'agisse de la totalité d'un pays, d'une partie d'un pays ou de la totalité ou de parties de plusieurs pays, identifiée par les autorités compétentes, dans laquelle un parasite ou une maladie spécifique n'existe pas.  1, fiche 44, Français, - zone%20exempte%20de%20maladies

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Une zone exempte de parasites ou de maladies peut entourer une zone, être entourée par une zone ou être adjacente à une zone - qu'il s'agisse d'une partie d'un pays ou d'une région géographique englobant des parties ou la totalité de plusieurs pays - dans laquelle il est connu qu un parasite ou une maladie spécifique existe mais qui fait l'objet de mesures régionales de contrôle telles que l'établissement d'une protection, d'une surveillance et de zones tampons qui circonscriront ou éradiqueront le parasite ou la maladie en question.  1, fiche 44, Français, - zone%20exempte%20de%20maladies

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[zona libre de plagas o enfermedades] Zona designada por las autoridades competentes, que puede abarcar la totalidad de un país, parte de un país o la totalidad o partes de varios países, en la que no existe una determinada plaga o enfermedad.  1, fiche 44, Espagnol, - zona%20libre%20de%20enfermedades

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Una zona libre de plagas o enfermedades puede rodear, estar rodeada por o ser adyacente a una zona -ya sea dentro de una parte de un país o en una región geográfica que puede comprender la totalidad o partes de varios países - en la que se sepa que existe una determinada plaga o enfermedad pero que esté sujeta a medidas regionales de control tales como el establecimiento de zonas de protección, vigilancia y amortiguamiento que aíslen o erradiquen la plaga o enfermedad en cuestión.  1, fiche 44, Espagnol, - zona%20libre%20de%20enfermedades

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A position of an element of a character set according to a predefined order.  1, fiche 45, Anglais, - sort%20value

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In French, the letter A has a lower sort value than the letter B. The question of whether or not to assign lower-case letters the same sort value as their upper-case counterpart will depend on the application. Letters with diacritics are sometimes treated like the corresponding basic letter and sometimes as a different letter.  1, fiche 45, Anglais, - sort%20value

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Terms and definition standardized by ISO.  2, fiche 45, Anglais, - sort%20value

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Position de l'élément d'un jeu de caractères en fonction d'un ordre prédéfini.  1, fiche 45, Français, - valeur%20de%20tri

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En français, la valeur de tri de la lettre A est inférieure à celle de la lettre B. La décision d'affecter aux lettres majuscules une valeur de tri identique à celle attribuée aux lettres minuscules varie en fonction du but recherché. Les lettres avec des diacritiques sont parfois traitées comme les lettres de base correspondantes, parfois considérées comme des lettres différentes.  1, fiche 45, Français, - valeur%20de%20tri

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  2, fiche 45, Français, - valeur%20de%20tri

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the past, there has been some question as to whether nitrification or plant uptake is the principal ammonia nitrogen conversion mechanism that ultimately leads to nitrogen removal.  1, fiche 46, Anglais, - ammonia%20nitrogen%20conversion%20mechanism

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As a final example of a problem in mathematics which is non-recursive, let us consider the question of covering the Euclidean plane with polygonal shapes, where we are given a finite number of different such shapes and we ask whether it is possible to cover the plane completely, without gaps or overlaps, using just these shapes and no others. Such an arrangement of shapes is called a tiling of the plane.  4, fiche 47, Anglais, - tiling

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble dénombrable de sous-ensembles fermés et connectés qui couvrent complètement le plan euclidien sans s'interpénétrer, sans laisser de vide, et qui ont la propriété de symétrie de groupe soit par rotation, soit par translation, soit par image en miroir.  2, fiche 47, Français, - pavage

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les pavages réguliers ont la dimension entière 1. Ils sont à la fois bourrages (empilements sans interpénétration) et recouvrements (empilements sans vides). On dit "paver", "remplir" ou "recouvrir complètement" un plan et "remplir" un volume.  2, fiche 47, Français, - pavage

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Le pavage s'arrête, correspond à une grille, part, se poursuit.  2, fiche 47, Français, - pavage

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 2 PHR

Comparer, construire, décrire, former, engendrer, normaliser, passer d'un pavage à un autre.  2, fiche 47, Français, - pavage

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 3 PHR

Pavage aléatoire, apériodique, autosimilaire, étoilé, étrange, fractal, hexagonal, hyperbolique, irrégulier, normal, pentagonal, périodique, quasi cristallin, quasi périodique, quasi régulier, régulier, simple, spiralé, uniforme.  2, fiche 47, Français, - pavage

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 4 PHR

Pavage d'Archimède, de Kepler, de Penrose, en étoile, en spirale, en tesselles.  2, fiche 47, Français, - pavage

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 5 PHR

Aire, arête, déformation, motif, sommet, transformation de pavage.  2, fiche 47, Français, - pavage

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 48,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An arbitrator or arbitration board has... power to determine any question as to whether a matter referred to the arbitration or arbitration board is arbitrable.  2, fiche 48, Anglais, - arbitrable

Fiche 48,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'arbitre ou le conseil d'arbitrage a les pouvoirs suivants : [...] celui de décider si l'affaire qui lui est soumise est susceptible d'arbitrage.  2, fiche 48, Français, - arbitrable

Fiche 48,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 49,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Counsel raised the question as to whether paragraph 2. 45 is a charging section or merely a characterizing section.  1, fiche 49, Anglais, - charging%20section

Fiche 49,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

charging = application (HECOM, 1, 1966, page 171).  1, fiche 49, Français, - disposition%20d%27application

Fiche 49,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 50,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is a much disputed question in the teaching of legal authorities and in the jurisprudence of the principal countries whether the doctrine of litispendance, the object of which is to prevent the possibility of conflicting judgments, can be invoked in international relations, in the sense that the judges of one State should, in the absence of a treaty, refuse to entertain any suit already pending before the courts of another State, exactly as they would be found to do if an action on the same subject had at some previous time been brought in due form before another court of their own country.  1, fiche 50, Anglais, - litispendance

Fiche 50,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Situation qui se présente quand le différend porté devant un tribunal compétent pour en connaître est pendant devant un autre tribunal également compétent.  1, fiche 50, Français, - litispendance

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"C'est une question vivement controversée dans la doctrine des auteurs et dans la jurisprudence des principaux Etats, que celle de savoir si la litispendance, qui a pour objet de prévenir un conflit de choses jugées, peut être invoquée dans les rapports internationaux, en ce sens que les juges d'un État devraient refuser de connaître, en l'absence d'un traité, de toute affaire déjà pendante devant un tribunal étranger, exactement comme ils auraient le devoir de le faire si un tribunal national avait été, à une époque antérieure, régulièrement saisi de la même affaire.  1, fiche 50, Français, - litispendance

Fiche 50,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 51,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Reasons for refusal of agrément. Another question which... arose was whether a state which refused to accept a particular person as the envoy of another state was bound to give its reasons, and if so, whether the state which had appointed the envoy could question the sufficiency or otherwise of the reasons furnished. It is, however, now beyond controversy that the receiving state has a right to object to the accreditation of any particular individual as envoy of a foreign state.  1, fiche 51, Anglais, - refusal%20of%20agr%C3%A9ment

Fiche 51,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les refus d'agrément [...] relèvent de l'appréciation discrétionnaire de l'État accréditaire et n'ont pas à être motivés. Issue de l'usage, la règle suivant laquelle l'État accréditaire n'est pas tenu de donner à l'État accréditant les raisons d'un refus d'agrément est passée aujourd'hui dans le droit conventionnel [...] En fait l'agrément peut être refusé pour des motifs très divers. En 1757 la Suède refusa de recevoir l'envoyé de la Grande-Bretagne, Goodrich, parce que, après sa nomination, il avait rendu visite à une Puissance avec laquelle l'Angleterre était en guerre, à la suite de quoi le gouvernement britannique rompit ses relations avec le gouvernement suédois [...].  1, fiche 51, Français, - refus%20d%27agr%C3%A9ment

Fiche 51,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 52,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The [Rideau] canal was completed in 1833 (...). It was never called upon to fulfill its primary object of enabling gunboats and military supplies to reach the lakes from Montreal.  1, fiche 52, Anglais, - gunboat

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The question arose as to whether the word gunboat was used in that period(early 1800s). The above source would tend to confirm its use.  2, fiche 52, Anglais, - gunboat

Fiche 52,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En 1818, les Anglais étudièrent la possibilité d'employer des chaloupes canonnières sur les rivières Ottawa et Rideau.  1, fiche 52, Français, - chaloupe%20canonni%C3%A8re

Fiche 52,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 53,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

there is some question, as to whether ozone itself is the noxious agent.  1, fiche 53, Anglais, - noxious%20agent

Fiche 53,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

en Allemagne on a réussi à transformer les éléments nocifs en fertilisants complémentaires.  1, fiche 53, Français, - %C3%A9l%C3%A9ment%20nocif

Fiche 53,  Justifications,  Espagnol