TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An estate or unit of interest in real estate that is owned by two or more persons with rights or survivorship. Only one title exists, and it is vested in a unit made up of two or more persons, all owning equal shares. The basic idea of a joint tenancy is that of unity of ownership. The death of one of the joint tenants does not destroy the owning unit-only reduces by one the number of persons who jointly own the unit.... As each successive joint tenant dies, the remaining tenants acquire the interest of the deceased. The last survivor takes title in severalty... Four unities are required to create a joint tenancy : unity of title, unity of time, unity of interest, and unity of possession.(Reilly, p. 235)  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - joint%20tenancy

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tenance conjointe : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la Justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 1, Français, - tenance%20conjointe

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A possessor is presumed to hold the real right he is exercising. A person contesting that presumption has the burden of proving his own right and, as the case may be, that the possessor has no title, a defective title, or defective possession.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - defective%20possession

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Possession qui ne réunit pas toutes les conditions requises par la loi pour produire des effets juridiques.  1, fiche 2, Français, - possession%20vici%C3%A9e

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Concurrent ownership, where several persons are entitled to the thing at the same time, takes the form either of co-ownership, or of nominal and beneficial ownership. Co-ownership occurs where several persons are entitled to the possession, user and benefit of one thing, "pro indiviso, "no one being entitled to any specific part of it, and the right of user of each being subject to a similar right in the others; as in the case of joint tenancy and tenancy in common. Nominal and beneficial ownership occurs where two persons are owners in respect of one thing, although one of them either cannot derive any benefit from it at all, or has only exactly defined rights over it, while the other has the real benefit of the thing....(Jowitt's, 2nd ed., 1977, pp. 1301-2)  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - concurrent%20ownership

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Concurrent ownership of chattels personal may be either joint or in common, and in this respect resembles concurrent interests in real estate.... [Halsbury, 4th ed., 1982, Vol. 35, p. 637].  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - concurrent%20ownership

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Le terme copropriété], plus spécifique, ne peut s'employer que pour désigner la propriété simultanée et au même titre (sous le régime de tenance conjointe, de tenance commune, etc.).  1, fiche 3, Français, - propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20concurrente

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

propriété concurrente; copropriété : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 3, Français, - propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20concurrente

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Possession(as of real property) not disturbed by another's hostile or legal attempts to recover possession...  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - peaceable%20possession

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Possession qui commence et se poursuit sans utilisation de la force ou de menaces de la part du possesseur et sans que celui-ci soit troublé dans sa possession par des tiers.  2, fiche 4, Français, - possession%20paisible

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Action for recovery of possession not prejudiced by alienation. An action for the recovery of real property against a person in possession cannot be prejudiced by any alienation made by such person, either before or after the commencement of the action.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - action%20for%20recovery%20of%20possession

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La réintégrande requiert que le trouble ou la dépossession ait été causé par violence ou voie de fait. Jugé que l'action en réintégrande tend au maintien de la paix publique et appartient à tout détenteur, à quelque titre que ce soit, troublé dans sa jouissance par violence ou voie de fait.  1, fiche 5, Français, - action%20en%20r%C3%A9int%C3%A9grande

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La «réintégrande» est le nom donné à l'action possessoire intentée par celui qui a été dépossédé d'un bien immobilier par une voie de fait.  2, fiche 5, Français, - action%20en%20r%C3%A9int%C3%A9grande

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the old law of real property, warranty was an obligation by the feoffor or donor of land(or other hereditaments) to defend the feoffee or donee in the possession of the land, and to give him land of equal value if he was evicted from it. A warranty was a real covenant. Warranties were either in deed, that is, expressed; or in law....(Jowitt, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 1883)  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - warranty%20in%20deed

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

garantie de fait : qualifiant ce terme d'historique, le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO) n'a pas tenu à le normaliser.  2, fiche 6, Français, - garantie%20de%20fait

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Possession may be acquired by delivery of the chattel by the bailor to the bailee. The delivery may be none the less real and effective although the receiver is a fraudulent person intending to deal with the chattel dishonestly, but although in such cases there may be a transfer of possession sufficient to make the receiver a buyer in possession or a mercantile agent, there would appear to be no true bailment.(Crossley Vains, 5th ed., 1973, p. 82)  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - transfer%20of%20possession

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

transfert de possession : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 7, Français, - transfert%20de%20possession

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The fact of holding as a possession. (Oxford, 1933).  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - tenement

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A tenement is a holding of real property-using the word "holding" in its wide meaning of the possession of realty, or of something issuing out of or being part of realty....(Stroud's, 4th ed., 1971, p. 2737).  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - tenement

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tènement : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 8, Français, - t%C3%A8nement

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A future estate in real property created by operation of law when a grantor conveys a lesser estate than he or she has. The residue left in the grantor is called a reversion which commences in possession in the future upon the end of a particular estate granted or devised, whether it be freehold or less than freehold.(Reilly, 1977, p. 374).  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - reversion

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A reversion means properly the residue of an estate left in the grantor to commence in possession after the determination of some particular estate granted by him. But it is frequently, though improperly, used so as to include any future estate, whether in reversion or remainder. (Mozledy and Whiteley, 10th, p. 418)  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - reversion

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «reversion» et son équivalent français désignent à la fois la «réversion» en tant que droit et le mécanisme de la réversion.  1, fiche 9, Français, - r%C3%A9version

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

réversion : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 9, Français, - r%C3%A9version

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Real estate is a technical term and is generally to be construed in its technical sense. It comprises all freehold (and formerly copyhold) lands, tenements and hereditaments, but not leasehold interests.... "Real estate" includes, also, any rights in land, such as a rentcharge, which admit of being limited in the same manner as freehold estates or interests. (39 Hals., 4th, p. 214)  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - real%20property

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

As the common law developed, real property came to mean that form of property which could be specifically recovered by a real action if possession were lost. Only freeholdings of land were thus recoverable in the realty.(Crossley Vaines, 5th, p. 6)  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - real%20property

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The terms "real property, ""realty" and "real estate" are quasi-synonyms. "Real property" and "real estate" serve for distinct technical classifications. Originally, the use of the term "property" itself was confined to cases where the right included possession. The term "real property, "as opposed to "personal property, "was used to denote land and things attached to land so as to become part of it, as well as rights in the land which endure for a life. The term "real estate, "as opposed to "personal estate, "comprised all freehold(and formerly copyhold) lands, tenements and hereditaments(except leasehold interests) that a person owned, and also included any rights in land which could be limited in the same manner as freehold estates or interests. In modern usage, all three terms refer to the same object, comprising corporeal and incorporeal hereditaments.  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - real%20property

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

biens réels : terme de classification; sens collectif.  2, fiche 10, Français, - biens%20r%C3%A9els

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

biens réels : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 10, Français, - biens%20r%C3%A9els

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Possession(is) a legal concept of variable meaning, the word being used in different contexts with different meanings. It denotes a kind of relationship between a person and some object of property, real or personal. It is sometimes used as meaning merely physical control or detention, without any question of legal right. Secondly, it may mean legal possession which will be recognized and protected by law....(Oxford Companion to Law, 1980, pp. 970-1).  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - possession

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

possession : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 11, Français, - possession

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A term loosely applied to the occupation of real property by one person with the consent of the owner or the person entitled to possession, for example, occupation of premises by a licensee.(Ballentine's, 3rd ed., 1969, p. 937).  1, fiche 12, Anglais, - permissive%20possession

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

possession précaire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 12, Français, - possession%20pr%C3%A9caire

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Possession of real property is said to be "open" when held without concealment or attempt at secrecy, or without being covered up in the name of a third person, or otherwise attempted to be withdrawn from sight, but in such a manner that any person interested can ascertain who is actually in possession by proper observation and inquiry.(Black's, 5th ed., 1979, p. 1048).  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - open%20possession

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

possession publique : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 13, Français, - possession%20publique

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Canadian jurisdictions do not have to contend with the concept of "non-adverse" possession. The Canadian Acts are either drawn from the [UK], "Real Property Limitation Act, 1833", or are of more recent vintage and have overcome the problem by a series of statutory presumptions and rules which produce conclusions without reference to the state of mind of the squatter.(Williams, J. S., Limitation of Actions, p. 92)  1, fiche 14, Anglais, - non%2Dadverse%20possession

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

possession non adversative : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 14, Français, - possession%20non%20adversative

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A lease may be defined as a grant of the right to possession of the leased premises for a specified period of time commencing either immediately or at some ascertainable date in the future and ending at some point thereafter. A transaction is characterized as a lease rather than a grant when the owner or the grantor of the interest retains a "reversionary interest". In other words, possession of the leased premises reverts to the lessor on the termination of the lease. In order for the transaction to be characterized as a lease rather than a licence, the lessee's possession of the leased premises must be exclusive. If ultimate possession and control remain with the lessor, a licence rather than a lease will exist....("Real Estate and Landlord and Tenant", 1983-1984, p. 334)  1, fiche 15, Anglais, - lease

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'équivalent «bail» s'emploie aussi pour rendre le sens métonymique de «lease», désignant le document qui constate la cession à bail.  2, fiche 15, Français, - bail

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

bail, location à bail : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 15, Français, - bail

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In joint ownership or joint tenancy of land there is a single title, interest, time of commencement and unity of possession. The right of survivorship exists so that, on the death of any joint owner, his rights are extinguished and vested in the survivors until the last survivor becomes sole owner of the property. Joint ownership of real property may be severed and the right converted into tenancy in common.("Oxford Companion to Law", 1980, p. 667).  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - joint%20ownership

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A joint ownership or joint tenancy is distinguished by the four unities of possession, interest, title and time of commencement. The right of survivorship attaches to a joint tenancy of personalty, including choses in possession and in action, as well as to realty until severance. (35 Hals., 4th, p. 637)  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - joint%20ownership

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Acception juridique stricte qui vise le régime de tenance conjointe.  1, fiche 16, Français, - propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20conjointe

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

propriété conjointe : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 16, Français, - propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20conjointe

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Innocent conveyances, a covenant to stand seised, a bargain and sale, and a release, so called because, since they conveyed the actual possession by construction of law only, they did not confer a larger estate in property than the person conveying possessed, and therefore, if a greater estate was conveyed by these deeds than a person had, they were only void "pro tanto" for the excess. But a feoffment of such larger estate was a tortious conveyance, and therefore, under such circumstances, would have been void altogether, and produce a forfeiture. But the "Real Property Act", 1845, s. 4, provided that a feoffment should not have any tortious operation; it therefore became an innocent conveyance.(Jowitt, p. 978)  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - innocent%20conveyance

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

transport non préjudiciable : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 17, Français, - transport%20non%20pr%C3%A9judiciable

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Acception technique.  1, fiche 17, Français, - transport%20non%20pr%C3%A9judiciable

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This term, as applied to an occupant of real estate holding adversely, is not construed as implying actual enmity or ill will, but merely means that he claims to hold the possession in the character of an owner, and therefore denies all validity to claims set up by any and all other persons.(Black, 5th, p. 1048)  1, fiche 18, Anglais, - hostile%20possession

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

"Hostility" is the very marrow of adverse possession; it has even redundantly been called adversity. To say that possession is hostile should mean nothing more than that it is without permission of the one legally empowered to give possession, usually the owner. Any kind of permissive use, as by a tenant, licensee, contract purchaser in possession, or easement holder is rightful, not hostile. The better view is that unexplained possession is presumed hostile, so that it is up to the one who wished to do so to establish that it is rightful. (Cunningham, Stoebuck, Whitman, 1984, p. 760)  1, fiche 18, Anglais, - hostile%20possession

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

possession contradictoire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 18, Français, - possession%20contradictoire

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Freehold in deed is the real possession of land or tenements in fee, fee tail, or for life.(Black's, 5th ed., 1979, p. 598)  1, fiche 19, Anglais, - freehold%20in%20deed

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

propriété franche de fait : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 19, Français, - propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20franche%20de%20fait

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The mixed action at common law to recover the possession of land(which is real), and damages for costs for the wrongful withholding of the land(which are personal). Formerly, an action brought for this purpose in any of the superior courts of common law was called an action of ejectment, but now it is called an action for the recovery of land.(Jowitt, p. 684)  1, fiche 20, Anglais, - action%20of%20ejectment

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

action pour cause d'expulsion : qualifiant ce terme d'historique, le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO) n'a pas tenu à le normaliser.  2, fiche 20, Français, - action%20pour%20cause%20d%27expulsion

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Movable things. Personal property which has no connection with real estate. (Balck, 5th, p. 215)  1, fiche 21, Anglais, - chattel%20personal

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Forms of personal property other than leaseholds and a few other less common interests classified as "chattels real" are "chattels personal", a category that is further subdivided into "choses in possession"(tangible property that is capable of being possessed) and "choses in action"(intangible property-for example, stock in a corporation-the right to which can be enforced only through legal action).(Mendes da Costa & Balfour, 1982, p. 42)  1, fiche 21, Anglais, - chattel%20personal

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

chatel personnel : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 21, Français, - chatel%20personnel

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Though a condition against alienation on a feoffment in fee be repugnant and against the law and therefore inoperative, nevertheless a bond not to alienate is effective and enforceable in the sense that it will be forfeit if the feoffee alien. (Di Castri, 2nd ed., 1976, p. 339).  1, fiche 22, Anglais, - condition%20against%20alienation

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Although conditions in restraint of alienation of an absolute interest in possession in either real or personal property are generally void on the ground of repugnancy, gifts of a life interest or of income or apparently of a reversionary interest until alienation or charging are permissible if there is a gift over and the gift is properly expressed.(Jowitt, p. 1568)  1, fiche 22, Anglais, - condition%20against%20alienation

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

condition restrictive d'aliénabilité : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 22, Français, - condition%20restrictive%20d%27ali%C3%A9nabilit%C3%A9

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The actual occupation of real estate, but without any apparent or colorable right to hold and continue such possession; spoken of as the lowest and most imperfect degree of title.(Black's, 5th ed., 1979, p. 1048).  2, fiche 23, Anglais, - naked%20possession

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

simple possession : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 23, Français, - simple%20possession

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The "jus mereum", or mere right of property, without either possession or even the right of possession. (Ballentine’s, 3rd ed. 1969, p. 794)  1, fiche 24, Anglais, - mere%20right

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Right" is used by the old writers on real property law in the technical sense of a right which an owner of land had when he had been disseised, so that he had only the right of recovering possession either by entry or action. His estate was then said to be turned to a right....(I) f(he) further suffered a certain time to elapse, or had judgment given against him in a possessory action, he could no longer recover by possessory action, but only by an action on the right, meaning the right of ownership as opposed to the right to possession. Hence his estate was said to be turned to a mere, bare or naked right.(Jowitt's, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 1583)  1, fiche 24, Anglais, - mere%20right

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Acception stricte en droit des biens.  1, fiche 24, Français, - simple%20droit

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

simple droit : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 24, Français, - simple%20droit

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The act by which the share of a widow in her deceased husband’s real estate is ascertained and set apart to her. (Black’s, 5th ed., 1979, p. 109)  1, fiche 25, Anglais, - assignment%20of%20dower

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Upon her husband's death, apart from her quarantine, a widow was not entitled to possession of any of his real property until her dower had been assigned to her by the person entitled to the freehold.... The Ontario Act provided that the dowress and the tenant of the freehold could, by an instrument executed by them under seal in the presence of two witnesses, agree upon the assignment of dower, or upon a yearly or gross sum to be paid to her in lieu of dower....(Anger & Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 195)  1, fiche 25, Anglais, - assignment%20of%20dower

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

assignation de douaire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 25, Français, - assignation%20de%20douaire

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An occupation of realty inconsistent with the right of the true owner. (Jowitt’s, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 60)  1, fiche 26, Anglais, - adverse%20possession

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It seems quite clear that the modern use of the term "adverse possession" is to some extent a misnomer. The possession which now extinguishes title under the "Limitation of Actions Act" is different than the possession which was termed "adverse possession" prior to the "Real Property Limitation Act", 1833(UK), c. 27... The usual description of the type of possession necessary for adverse possession in Canada is that it is "an actual possession, an occupation exclusive, continuous, open or visible and notorious" for the requisite period...(Mendes Da Costa & Balfour, 1982, pp. 600-601)  1, fiche 26, Anglais, - adverse%20possession

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

possession adversative : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 26, Français, - possession%20adversative

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When land is vacant, the owner is deemed to be in constructive possession, it being said that possession follows the title where there is no actual adverse occupancy...(Anger & Honsberger, Law of Real Property, 2nd ed., 1985, vol. 2, p. 1513).  1, fiche 27, Anglais, - adverse%20occupancy

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Adverse occupation of residential premises. It is an offence for a person who is on premises as a trespasser, after having entered as such, to fail to leave on being required to do so by or on behalf of a displaced residential occupier of the premises ... (Curzon, 2nd, p. 12)  1, fiche 27, Anglais, - adverse%20occupancy

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

occupation adversative : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues (PAJLO).  2, fiche 27, Français, - occupation%20adversative

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The intentional and voluntary transfer of a right by the person or persons in whom the right resides to another person or persons." (Anger and Honsberger, 2nd, p. 1259)  1, fiche 28, Anglais, - alienation

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Any voluntary disposal of property, during life or, by will, on death. (Walker, p. 48)  1, fiche 28, Anglais, - alienation

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 3 DEF

In real property law, the transfer of the property and possession of lands, tenements, or other things, from one person to another. The term is particularly applied to absolute conveyances of real property. The voluntary and complete transfer from one person to another. Disposition by will. Every mode of passing realty by the act of the party, as distinguished from passing it by the operation of law.(Black, 5th, p. 66)  1, fiche 28, Anglais, - alienation

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

aliénation : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 28, Français, - ali%C3%A9nation

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Actual delivery consists in the giving real possession to the vendee or his servants or special agents who are identified with him in law and represent him.(Black, 5th ed., 1979, p. 385)  1, fiche 29, Anglais, - actual%20delivery

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 CONT

(A)ctual delivery of a deed is said to be that delivery wherein the deed is manually handed to the grantee, or to his agent authorized to accept it, by the grantor or his agent authorized to deliver it, with intent to pass title. Actual delivery may be distinguished from both constructive and conditional delivery. (Cartwright, 1972, p. 27)  1, fiche 29, Anglais, - actual%20delivery

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

délivrance effective : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 29, Français, - d%C3%A9livrance%20effective

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

One which exists where there(is) either :(a) an "actual delivery", consisting in giving to the bailee or his agent the real possession of the chattel, or(b) a "constructive delivery", consisting of any of those acts which, although not truly comprising real possession of the goods transferred, have been held by legal construction equivalent to acts of real delivery.(Black's, 5th ed., 1979, p. 129).  1, fiche 30, Anglais, - actual%20bailment

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

baillement de fait : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 30, Français, - baillement%20de%20fait

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An individual appointed by the government to oversee trust situations for persons lacking legal capacity to do so on their own.  4, fiche 31, Anglais, - public%20trustee

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When a person dies whether testate or intestate and his real or personal property or both have not been taken possession of by his executors or next of kin, the Public Trustee(a) may take possession of the property forthwith, and(b) may safely keep, preserve and protect the property.  5, fiche 31, Anglais, - public%20trustee

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The appellation "public trustee" is used in all common law provinces in Canada except in New Brunswick and in Prince Edward Island where its counterparts are respectively "public administrator" and "official trustee". In Quebec the English equivalent of "curateur public" is "public curator".  3, fiche 31, Anglais, - public%20trustee

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les «public trustee», «public administrator» et «official trustee» dans les provinces de common law du Canada ont les mêmes attributions et remplissent les mêmes fonctions en matière de successions et sont les homologues du «curateur public» au Québec. «Curateur public» est employé en Ontario pour traduire «public trustee» et «administrateur public» au Nouveau-Brunswick pour traduire «public administrator». On peut aussi l'employer pour traduire «official trustee». Il faut tenir compte de ces différentes appellations anglaises lorsqu'on retraduit «curateur public» vers l'anglais.  4, fiche 31, Français, - curateur%20public

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Personal or real property that is owned by a lessor and rented to a lessee who receives rights of use and possession in accordance with the terms of a lease agreement.  2, fiche 32, Anglais, - leased%20property

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bien meuble ou immeuble faisant l'objet d'un contrat de location.  2, fiche 32, Français, - bien%20lou%C3%A9

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A person commits forcible entry when he enters real property that is in actual and peaceable possession of another in a manner that is likely to cause a breach of the peace or reasonable apprehension of a breach of the peace, whether or not he is entitled to enter.  2, fiche 33, Anglais, - forcible%20entry

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Officially approved by the Terminology Committee of the Department of the Solicitor General.  3, fiche 33, Anglais, - forcible%20entry

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La prise de possession par la force a lieu lorsqu'une personne prend possession d'un bien immeuble qui se trouve en la possession effective et paisible d'une autre, d'une manière vraisemblablement propre à causer une violation de la paix ou à faire raisonnablement craindre une violation de la paix, que cette personne ait ou non le droit de prendre possession.  2, fiche 33, Français, - prise%20de%20possession%20par%20la%20force

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme uniformisé par le Comité de terminologie du ministère du Solliciteur général.  3, fiche 33, Français, - prise%20de%20possession%20par%20la%20force

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Detainer. The act (or the juridical fact) of withholding from a lawfully entitled person the possession of land or goods, or the restraint of a person’s personal liberty against his or her will; detention. The wrongful keeping of a person’s goods is called an unlawful detainer although the original taking may have been lawful.  2, fiche 34, Anglais, - forcible%20detainer

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Forcible detention is committed when a person armed with a dangerous weapon "holds an individual hostage without lawful authority for the purposes of obtaining performance by a third person of demands made by the person holding the hostage."  3, fiche 34, Anglais, - forcible%20detainer

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Every person is guilty of a forcible detainer who either :...(1) by force or by menaces and threats of violence unlawfully holds and keeps the possession of any real property or mining claim, whether the same was acquired peaceably or otherwise...  4, fiche 34, Anglais, - forcible%20detainer

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le code pénal érigé en infraction pénale le fait de maintenir une personne en détention par la force. En vertu de cette disposition, le fait de placer en détention, d'arrêter ou d'enlever une personne afin de la priver de protection légale pour une longue durée sur les ordres ou avec l'appui ou le consentement de l'État [...]  2, fiche 34, Français, - d%C3%A9tention%20par%20la%20force

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ici, il s'agit de la détention d'une personne contre son gré par une autre armée ou non. Il ne faut pas confondre cette notion à l'autre fiche.  3, fiche 34, Français, - d%C3%A9tention%20par%20la%20force

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... is a procedure to determine the right to immediate possession of real property. It is intended to be a speedy, simple, and inexpensive means to obtain possession without resort to an action on the title.  3, fiche 35, Anglais, - forcible%20detainer%20action

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A landlord can file a forcible detainer action against a tenant for nonpayment of rent, if the tenant has breached the lease, or if the tenant has committed a crime. Forcible detainer actions seek the eviction of the tenant and the repossession of the rental property. They may also be filed if the tenant misrepresented information to the landlord or has unauthorized occupants in the residence.  4, fiche 35, Anglais, - forcible%20detainer%20action

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 CONT

An appeal from an action for forcible detainer must be filed within 5 days after entry of judgment.  2, fiche 35, Anglais, - forcible%20detainer%20action

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Action en justice visant à rentrer en possession d'un bien ou d'un immeuble dont on est propriétaire lorsque ce bien est en possession de quelqu'un d'autre sans apparence de droit.  1, fiche 35, Français, - action%20contre%20une%20d%C3%A9tention%20par%20la%20force

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Ces deux expressions peuvent être utilisées comme synonymes pour désigner une action en justice qui vise à faire valoir le titre de propriété sur un bien-fonds ou sur un immeuble qui est en possession de quelqu'un d'autre.  1, fiche 35, Français, - action%20contre%20une%20d%C3%A9tention%20par%20la%20force

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A summary and expeditious statutory remedy used by a party entitled to actual possession of premises to secure its possession, where the occupant initially in lawful possession of it refuses to relinquish it when his or her right to possession ends.  2, fiche 36, Anglais, - forcible%20detainer

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A person commits forcible detainer when, being in actual possession of real property without colour of right, he detains it in a manner that is likely to cause a breach of the peace or reasonable apprehension of a breach of the peace, against a person who is entitled by law to possession of it.  3, fiche 36, Anglais, - forcible%20detainer

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La détention par la force a lieu lorsqu'une personne, étant en possession effective d'un bien immeuble sans apparence de droit, le détient d'une manière vraisemblablement propre à causer une violation de la paix ou à faire raisonnablement craindre une violation de la paix, à l'encontre d'une personne qui a un titre légal à cette possession.  2, fiche 36, Français, - d%C3%A9tention%20par%20la%20force

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ici, il s'agit de la détention d'un bien par la force sans le consentement de son propriétaire. Il ne faut pas confondre cette fiche à celle portant sur la détention d'une personne contre son gré.  3, fiche 36, Français, - d%C3%A9tention%20par%20la%20force

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sections 34 and 35 do not operate so as to... e) affect any estate or interest in real property or personal property to which a person has or may become entitled, either mediately or immediately, in possession or expectancy...  1, fiche 37, Anglais, - in%20possession

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les articles 34 et 35 n'ont pas les effets suivants : [...] la modification des droits sur des biens meubles ou immeubles dont une personne est ou peut devenir titulaire, directement ou par intermédiaire, pour jouissance immédiate ou ultérieure.  1, fiche 37, Français, - pour%20jouissance%20imm%C3%A9diate

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sections 34 and 35 do not operate so as to... e) affect any estate or interest in real property or personal property to which a person has or may become entitled, either mediately or immediately, in possession or expectancy...  1, fiche 38, Anglais, - in%20expectancy

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les articles 34 et 35 n'ont pas les effets suivants : [...] la modification des droits sur des biens meubles ou immeubles dont une personne est ou peut devenir titulaire, directement ou par intermédiaire, pour jouissance immédiate ou ultérieure.  1, fiche 38, Français, - pour%20jouissance%20ult%C3%A9rieure

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Established on 20 March 1996, with main base in Sarajevo; receives and decides any claims for real property in Bosnia and Herzegovina where the property has not voluntarily been sold or otherwise transferred since 1 April 1992 and where claimant does not enjoy possession of the property.  1, fiche 39, Anglais, - Commission%20for%20Real%20Property%20Claims%20of%20Displaced%20Persons%20and%20Refugees

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The conditions prescribed in the Anton Piller judgment are as follows : 1) A very strong prima facie suit; 2) Very serious real or potential damage for the plaintiff; and 3) Clear evidence that the defendant has incriminating documents or articles in his possession and that there is a real possibility that he will not destroy them before an ex parte application can be made.  1, fiche 40, Anglais, - Anton%20Piller%20judgment

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Over the years, the Federal Court of Canada has adopted a pragmatic attitude concerning the application of the original criteria in Anton Piller case ....  1, fiche 40, Anglais, - Anton%20Piller%20judgment

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les conditions prescrites dans l'arrêt Anton Piller sont les suivantes : 1) une cause prima facie extrêmement forte; 2) un dommage réel ou potentiel très sérieux pour le demandeur; et 3) une preuve claire que le défendeur a en sa possession des documents ou des articles incriminants et qu'il y a une possibilité réelle qu'il ne les détruise avant qu'une requête contradictoire ne puisse être faite.  1, fiche 40, Français, - arr%C3%AAt%20Anton%20Piller

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Au cours des années, la Cour fédérale du Canada a adopté une attitude pragmatique en ce qui concerne l'application des critères originaux de l'arrêt Anton Piller [...].  1, fiche 40, Français, - arr%C3%AAt%20Anton%20Piller

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Espagnol