TERMIUM Plus^®

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A microsensor integrated with signal-conditioning electronics such as analog-to-digital converters on a single silicon chip to form an integrated microelectromechanical component that can process information itself or communicate with an embedded microprocessor.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - smart%20sensor

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Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A semiconductor technology in which pairs of metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors(MOSFETs), one N-type and one P-type, are integrated on a single silicon chip.  7, fiche 2, Anglais, - complementary%20metal%2Doxide%20semiconductor

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Generally used for RAM [random access memory] and switching applications, [CMOS] devices have very high speed and extremely low power consumption. They are, however, easily damaged by static electricity.  8, fiche 2, Anglais, - complementary%20metal%2Doxide%20semiconductor

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Technologie de fabrication de circuits intégrés qui associe une paire de transistors complémentaires (un de type N et un autre de type P).  3, fiche 2, Français, - MOS%20compl%C3%A9mentaire

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Du fait de sa faible consommation électrique, cette technologie est souvent mise en œuvre pour les mémoires et les microprocesseurs des machines portables fonctionnant sur batterie, mais elle est très sensible aux décharges d'électricité statique.  3, fiche 2, Français, - MOS%20compl%C3%A9mentaire

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Tecnología de fabricación de circuitos integrados que utiliza transistores MOS [metal-óxido-semiconductor] canal N y canal P.  1, fiche 2, Espagnol, - MOS%20complementario

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semiconductor de óxido métalico complementario: Los equivalentes que indican que MOS (metal-óxido-semiconductor) es un semiconductor no son precisos. En realidad, el semiconductor es una de las tres capas que componen esta estructura junto con el metal y el óxido.  5, fiche 2, Espagnol, - MOS%20complementario

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A chip of silicon or other solid material on which microscopic arrays of molecules such as DNA sections or polypeptides are mounted for simultaneous testing or analysis.  6, fiche 3, Anglais, - DNA%20chip

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The completion of the sequencing of the human genome and that of many other organisms makes the determination of gene function an important ... step in understanding the role of DNA in the processes of life. DNA microarrays are an excellent tool to address this question because their numerous probe sites enable the analysis of many genes simultaneously.  7, fiche 3, Anglais, - DNA%20chip

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

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Petite plaque de verre, de silicium ou d'un autre matériau inerte, sur laquelle ont été greffés des brins d'ADN [acide désoxyribonucléique] de cellules ou de micro-organismes, permettant d'en révéler spécifiquement la présence dans le milieu en contact avec la plaque.  5, fiche 3, Français, - puce%20%C3%A0%20ADN

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La lecture de la puce après hydridation avec un ADN marqué par fluorescence donne des informations sur sa séquence.  2, fiche 3, Français, - puce%20%C3%A0%20ADN

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puce à ADN; biopuce à ADN : termes publiés au Journal officiel de la République française le 6 juillet 2008.  6, fiche 3, Français, - puce%20%C3%A0%20ADN

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Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The portion of the silicon chip that functions as the light sensitive area for imaging.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - photosite

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Not all of the image sensor is used in the capturing of a picture.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - photosite

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[...] toute petite portion de silicium qui réagit à la lumière et constitue un capteur d'images.  2, fiche 4, Français, - photosite

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Si on compare le capteur CCD [charge coupled device : dispositif à transfert de charge] d'un appareil photo numérique (photoscope numérique) à un nid d'abeille, le photosite sera l'une des alvéoles de cette mosaïque. Autre comparaison : comme le fond de l'œil est tapissé de terminaisons nerveuses, les photosites sont l'équivalent au niveau de la surface sensible qui enregistre l'image dans un photoscope.  3, fiche 4, Français, - photosite

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The silicon retina. A chip based on the neural architecture of the eye proves a new, more powerful way of doing computations.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - neuronal%20architecture

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La retina de silicio. Un microcircuito basado en la arquitectura nerviosa del ojo proporciona una forma nueva y más poderosa de realizar cálculos.  2, fiche 5, Espagnol, - arquitectura%20neuronal

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The physical layout of the chip contains circuitry in staggered blocks. Silicon areas doped with impurities are the basis for transistors and photosensors, polysilicon forms wires and resistors, and metal lines act as low-resistance wires.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - polysilicon

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Formas de interconectar (dos niveles): Un nivel de polisilicio + un nivel de metal [...]  2, fiche 6, Espagnol, - polisilicio

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Clearly, biological computation must be very different from its digital counterpart. To elucidate this difference, we decided to build a silicon chip inspired by the neural architecture and function of the retina. Our artificial retina generates, in real time, outputs that mimic signals observed in real retinas.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - biological%20computation

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Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A technology for displaying images [used] in rear-projection televisions and front projectors.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - liquid%20crystal%20on%20silicon

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[This] technology employs liquid crystals coated on a silicon chip, which results in easier, lower-cost manufacturing and higher-resolution images.  5, fiche 8, Anglais, - liquid%20crystal%20on%20silicon

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Technologie d'affichage des images utilisée pour les téléviseurs à rétroprojection et les téléprojecteurs avant.  4, fiche 8, Français, - cristaux%20liquides%20sur%20silicium

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Cette technologie met en présence une matrice composée de cristaux liquides recouvrant une puce au silicium qui produit des images d'une très grande résolution pour de faibles coûts de production.  4, fiche 8, Français, - cristaux%20liquides%20sur%20silicium

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Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A microchip based on the neural architecture of the eye.  2, fiche 9, Anglais, - silicon%20retina

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Silicon retina. Neuromorphic circuits emulate the complex interactions that occur among the various retinal cell types by replacing each cell' s axons and dendrites(signal pathways) with metal wires and each synapse with a transistor. Permutations of this arrangement produce excitatory and inhibitory interactions that mimic similar communications among neurons. The transistors and the wires that connect them are laid out on silicon chips. Various regions of the chip surface perform the functions of the different cell layers.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - silicon%20retina

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Rétine de silicium. Des circuits imitent les interactions complexes reliant les différents types de cellules de la rétine en remplaçant chaque axone ou dendrite (les voies de signalisation) par un fil métallique, et chaque synapse par un transistor. Des permutations des connexions dans un tel circuit produisent des interactions excitatrices ou inhibitrices qui imitent la communication entre neurones. Les transistors et les fils de connexion sont disposés sur une puce en silicium. Différentes régions de la puce remplissent les fonctions des différentes couches de cellules.  2, fiche 9, Français, - r%C3%A9tine%20de%20silicium

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Microcircuito basado en la arquitectura nerviosa del ojo.  3, fiche 9, Espagnol, - retina%20de%20silicio

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Quizás el más prometedor de los dos sea la retina de silicio artificial (ASR) desarrollada por Optobionics. Es un dispositivo muy pequeño. Tiene 2 mm de diametro [...] permite ver a pacientes ciegos una imagen de 10 por 10 pixels, lo que es más o menos el tamaño de una letra.  2, fiche 9, Espagnol, - retina%20de%20silicio

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ASR por sus siglas en inglés.  3, fiche 9, Espagnol, - retina%20de%20silicio

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A tiny finger of silicon that curves up out of the package housing a chip in order to connect with special pads on the chip's surface.  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - microclaw

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A microclaw's size-a mere six-millionth of a meter across-means that each chip can have thousands rather than hundreds of connections with the outside world. Microclaws are made by coating the silicon of the package with a thin film made from an alloy of molybdenum and chromium.  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - microclaw

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Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Extra Vehicular Activity Radiation Monitor ... The purpose of EVARM is to carry out flight experiments to investigate and characterize the doses received by different parts of an astronauts body (e.g., skin, eyes, and blood-forming organs) during an EVA. The doses will be analyzed with respect to the time and position of the EVA as well as the orbit, altitude, and attitude of the Station. A relatively new type of electronic radiation dosimeter, the Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) will be used to collect dose measurements.  5, fiche 11, Anglais, - extra%20vehicular%20activity%20radiation%20monitor

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EVARM is designed for use with the NASA Extravehicular Mobility Unit, or spacesuit, worn by both Space Station and Space Shuttle crewmembers during Station operations. The experiment consists of a storage/badge reader unit and 12 badges-a set of three each for up to four spacewalkers. The sets are designated EV-1, EV-2, EV-3 and EV-4, corresponding to the designation of each potential spacewalker. When not in use, the badges are placed in the storage-reader box, which is stored in the Human Research Facility payload rack. The badge contains a silicon chip specially designed by Thomson-Nielsen-called a Metal Oxide Silicon Field Effect Transistor(MOSFET)-that continuously measures total radiation dosage and a connector that plugs into the badge reader. The reader that can download badge is shown placed in a pocket in the lower left leg of an astronaut liquid cooling garment. Badges also are placed in the front torso and fabric communications cap of the spacesuit undergarment(NASA/JSC). During normal operations, the Station crew will record the background radiation dosage on each badge and transmit it to the ground every week. Shortly before a spacewalk by Station or Shuttle crew members, the crew will measure the radiation dosage of each badge to be used in the spacewalk. A set of three badges will be inserted into pockets sewn into the front torso and front leg areas of the liquid cooling undergarment and the top of the fabric communications cap of each spacesuit. Those locations were selected because of the radiation hazard to sensitive soft tissues such as eyes and internal organs, as well as the hazard to the skin on the arms and legs, which are not as well shielded as the torso. Shortly after the spacewalk, the crew will plug each badge set into the badge reader. They will later transfer the data to the Human Research Facility laptop computer for transmission to the payload team on the ground.  6, fiche 11, Anglais, - extra%20vehicular%20activity%20radiation%20monitor

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extra vehicular activity radiation monitor; EVARM: term and abbreviation officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).  3, fiche 11, Anglais, - extra%20vehicular%20activity%20radiation%20monitor

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[...] l'expérience des dosimètres (EVARM pour Extra-Vehicular Activity Radiation Monitor). [...] EVARM permettra de mesurer l'intensité du rayonnement auquel sont soumis les astronautes pendant les sorties extravéhiculaires (EVA). Pour mesurer l'exposition aux rayonnements uniquement pendant les sorties extravéhiculaires, les astronautes seront équipés de petits dispositifs ou badges électroniques à l'intérieur de leur combinaison EVA. Ces dispositifs enregistreront l'intensité du rayonnement à divers endroits sur le corps des astronautes pendant qu'ils travaillent à l'extérieur de la navette ou de la Station spatiale internationale.  4, fiche 11, Français, - dosim%C3%A8tre%20pour%20activit%C3%A9s%20extrav%C3%A9hiculaires

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dosimètre pour activités extravéhiculaires; EVARM : terme et abréviation uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).  1, fiche 11, Français, - dosim%C3%A8tre%20pour%20activit%C3%A9s%20extrav%C3%A9hiculaires

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Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

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An extremely fast, front-end compatible bond process, applicable on almost all wafer materials.  2, fiche 12, Anglais, - silicon%20fusion%20bonding

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The chip is created using micromachining techniques including silicon fusion bonding and... piezoresistive sense elements.  3, fiche 12, Anglais, - silicon%20fusion%20bonding

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Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A silicon slab selectively doped with impurities so that passive and active devices, circuit paths, and device interconnections are formed within the solid structure. Thus, a chip is the integrated circuit inside an IC housing.  3, fiche 13, Anglais, - silicon%20chip

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Très petite plaquette de silicium qui supporte de un à plusieurs milliers d'éléments électroniques actifs et passifs interconnectés.  2, fiche 13, Français, - puce%20de%20silicium

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Pequeñísima porción de una oblea de silicio con miles de componentes electrónicos y patrones de circuitos grabados sobre su superficie.  2, fiche 13, Espagnol, - microcircuito%20de%20silicio

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A technique used in silicon chip manufacture which uses a laser to burn out any defects on the mask.  2, fiche 14, Anglais, - laser%20zapping

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Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The human genome project is barely complete, and yet scientists already want to put the whole thing on one tiny chip. Well, one "wafer, "to be more precise. Each wafer, a proprietary technology of Perlegen, a Silicon Valley biotech company, will consist of 300 glass slides that can hold the chemical makeup of the entire human genome. On Monday, Brad Margus, president of Perlegen, discussed his company's ambitious effort to put the genomes of 50 individuals on chips so that they could be used to compare differences side by side.  1, fiche 15, Anglais, - wafer

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Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

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In photolithography, light is used to transfer circuit patterns from a quartz template, or mask, onto the surface of a silicon chip.... Making features half as wide would yield transistors four times smaller, since the device is essentially two-dimensional. But it seems impossible to make such tiny parts using light; the light waves are just too wide. Many companies have invested in finding ways to substitute smaller x-rays for light waves. To date, however, x-rays have not succeeded as a way to mass-produce state-of-the-art chips.  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - X%2Dray%20photolithography

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Pour produire un microprocesseur par photolithographie, on reproduit le schéma du circuit sur un masque de quartz, puis on l'éclaire afin de projeter la figure sur une couche photosensible, à la surface de la puce de silicium. [...] En réalisant des traits deux fois moins larges, on fabriquerait des transistors quatre fois plus petits, puisque ces composants sont essentiellement en deux dimensions. Néanmoins, cette réduction semble impossible à réaliser par la technique actuelle, car les longueurs d'onde des ondes lumineuses utilisées aujourd'hui sont trop grandes. De nombreuses sociétés étudient une photolithographie par rayons X, dont les longueurs d'onde sont plus courtes, mais elles n'arrivent pas encore à fabriquer des microprocesseurs en série par cette méthode.  1, fiche 16, Français, - photolithographie%20par%20rayons%20X

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Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

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a chip that can store more than 1 million characters of information, i.e. four times the capacity of the largest chip now available.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - megabit%20chip

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... attention is focusing on the megabit RAM, the 1, 000K chip. Industry experts describe its power as awesome. In a silicon wafer about 10 millimetres by 8 mm, the IBM megabit chip is capable of storing enough characters to fill about 100 pages of double-spaced typewritten text.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - megabit%20chip

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A typical personal computer can store 64,000 bytes of data in its main memory, equal to about 250 typewritten pages. A computer using one-million-bit memory chips could store 4,000 pages in the same amount of space.  2, fiche 17, Anglais, - megabit%20chip

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Puce d'un mégabit.  1, fiche 17, Français, - m%C3%A9ga%20puce

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Une unité centrale classique nécessite quelques 4000 chips (puces) alors qu'avec la technologie WSi il n'en faut plus que quarante. Compte tenu de la dissipation de ces "puces géantes", le refroidissement par eau est rendu nécessaire.  2, fiche 17, Français, - m%C3%A9ga%20puce

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Il existe déjà des projets de production de puces d'une capacité de 4 mégabits et de 10 mégabits. Toutes ces puces s'appellent "mégapuces" dès que leur capacité de mémoire se mesure en mégabits.  4, fiche 17, Français, - m%C3%A9ga%20puce

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Software ICs differ from software components in that they are binary files which implement objects : they may be linked at runtime. The software industry might obtain some of the benefits that the silicon chip brought to the hardware industry; the ability of a supplier to deliver a tighly encapsulated unit of functionality that is specialized for its intended function, yet independent of any particular application.  1, fiche 18, Anglais, - software%20integrated%20circuit

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software engineering  2, fiche 18, Anglais, - software%20integrated%20circuit

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Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A wafer-sized silicon chip provided with circuitry equal to the power of a hundred or more microchips.  1, fiche 19, Anglais, - wafer%20chip

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Voir puce, megapuce.  1, fiche 19, Français, - minipuce

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Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Anglais

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purpose built(adj) describes a silicon integrated chip designed for a particular purpose, for example a silicon chip... for a digital watch, a portable digital thermometer, a small pocket calculator.  3, fiche 20, Anglais, - custom%20chip

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Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The gradual move to general-purpose graphics chips has followed a pattern sometimes called the silicon treadmill. Software operations... are first transferred to a combination of hardware and software, then placed in hardware alone. Finally, you figure out how to do it with just one chip.  1, fiche 21, Anglais, - off%2Dthe%2Dshelf%20graphics%20chip

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[The] silicon bilateral switches(SBS) are advanced semiconductors having negative resistance switching characteristics similar to the 3-layer diode, 4-layer diode and unijunction transistor. The SBS is a bilateral version of the SUS. It is actually two SUS's on the same chip with metallization connecting the anode of the other and having a common gate(...)  1, fiche 22, Anglais, - silicon%20bilateral%20switch

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Le déclenchement par commutateur bilatéral, ou SBS, qui n'est que l'assemblage en antiparallèle de deux SUS, fait appel aux mêmes principes (...) Les spécifications du SBS sont identiques à celle du SUS [silicon unilateral switch].  1, fiche 22, Français, - commutateur%20bilat%C3%A9ral

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