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Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Earth Reinforcement. Experimental construction has successfully demonstrated that fabrics can be used to reinforce earth for retaining walls.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - reinforcement

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Soil has little or no tensile strength, and reinforcement, usually in the form of metal strips, is generally laid horizontally within the earth mass to resist tension in the matrix, the strips being attached to vertical facing panels.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - reinforcement

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Rôle d'armature. Le géotextile peut augmenter la résistance à la rupture d'ouvrages en terre en supportant des contraintes de traction auxquelles le sol ne pourrait résister, en assurant une meilleure répartition de ces contraintes et en améliorant, par ses autres rôles (drain par exemple...), les caractéristiques mécaniques du sol, en particulier en réduisant sa déformabilité.  2, fiche 1, Français, - armature

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La terre armée est un matériau résultant de l'association d'un sol de remblai et d'armatures métalliques sous forme de bandes. Lorsque le massif de terre est sollicité, les armatures, par le biais du frottement, se mettent en traction et apportent au sol une cohésion anisotrope.  3, fiche 1, Français, - armature

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method of forming reinforced plastic articles comprising winding continuous strands of resin-coated reinforcing material onto a mandrel.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - filament%20winding

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The process is performed by drawing the reinforcement from a spool or "creel" through a bath of resin, then winding it on the mandrel under controlled tension and in a predetermined pattern.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - filament%20winding

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

filament winding: term standardized by ISO.  3, fiche 2, Anglais, - filament%20winding

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode d'obtention de produits en plastique renforcé, par enroulement de fil de base continu, d'un matériau de renforcement, revêtu de résine, sur un mandrin ou un moule sous tension contrôlée, et selon une disposition déterminée.  5, fiche 2, Français, - enroulement%20filamentaire

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

enroulement filamentaire : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  6, fiche 2, Français, - enroulement%20filamentaire

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Método para formar productos de plástico reforzado, devanando fibras continuas recubiertas de resina de material de refuerzo en un mandril o molde bajo tensión controlada en un patrón predeterminado.  1, fiche 2, Espagnol, - devanado%20de%20filamento

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A reinforcing device to resist shear and diagonal tension stresses in a beam; typically a steel bar bent into a U shape and installed perpendicular to or at an angle to the longitudinal reinforcement, and properly anchored.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - stirrup

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

En béton armé, pièce d'armature en acier ayant la forme d'une double épingle et utilisée pour ceinturer les barres principales d'une poutre ou d'un poteau.  2, fiche 3, Français, - %C3%A9trier

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The aim of this thesis work is to develop an effective cut-out reinforcement for composite sandwich fuselage shells. Because flat plate theory shows that only tangential stresses act in the vicinity of the cut-out, the proposed reinforcement concept involves fibres oriented in parallel to the edge of the cut-out. As no production process was suitable for producing the desired reinforcement, a process based on the working of simple yo-yo is designed and implemented. A preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of the reinforcement concept is made by subjecting two test plates(one reference plate and one reinforced plate) to a uniaxial tension test.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - cut%2Dout%20reinforcement

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The observation and measurement of forces acting at the surfaces of gases, liquids, and solids or at the interfaces between them. This includes the surface tension of liquids(vapor pressure, solubility) ;emulsions(liquid/liquid interfaces) ;finely divided solid particles(adsorption, catalysis) ;permeable membranes and microsporous materials; and biochemical phenomena such as osmosis, cell function and metabolic mechanisms in plants and animals. Surface chemistry has many industrial applications, a few of which are air pollution, soaps and synthetic detergents; reinforcement of rubber and plastics; behavior of catalysts; color and optical properties of paints; aerosol sprays of all types; monolayers and thin films, both metallic and organic.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - surface%20chemistry

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Étude et mesure des forces et opérations qui agissent à la surface des fluides et solides ou à l'interface séparant deux phases.  4, fiche 5, Français, - chimie%20de%20surface

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

chimie de la surface : Terme mal formé, l'article «la» est superflu.  3, fiche 5, Français, - chimie%20de%20surface

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Observación y medida de las fuerzas actuantes en las superficies de los gases, líquidos y sólidos o en las interfases de ellas.  1, fiche 5, Espagnol, - qu%C3%ADmica%20de%20superficies

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Reinforcement designed to resist shear or diagonal tension stresses; dowels are not considered to be shear reinforcement.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - shear%20reinforcement

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Aucune armature d'effort tranchant (perpendiculaire au feuillet moyen de la dalle) n'est à prévoir si (...) la dalle ou poutre-dalle est bétonnée sans reprise sur toute son épaisseur (...)  4, fiche 6, Français, - armature%20d%27effort%20tranchant

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Suggested topic areas include :... Use of composite materials(fiber-reinforced polymers or FRPs) as reinforcement to concrete for new construction and repair : interface performance, bond and development length; effects on crack spacing and width; effects on concrete tension stiffening; thermal compatibility; and durability.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - crack%20spacing

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Comment contrôler l'espacement des fissures de contraction thermique dans les revêtements en béton bitumineux.  1, fiche 7, Français, - espacement%20des%20fissures

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

joint in a tension reinforcement. Reinforced concrete  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - tension%20splice

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(...) le soudage d'une barre d'armature à l'autre dans le but de produire des recouvrements en traction et en compression (...)  2, fiche 8, Français, - joint%20en%20traction

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Construction Site Damage Effects. The effects of construction operations and equipment should be considered in the selection of reinforcement materials and properties for design.... these properties should be determined by tension testing of reinforcing material specimens that have been subjected to the proposed placement and construction procedures.... compaction of blast rock against geotextile or geogrid may cause damage that reduces these materials’ tensile strengths and moduli.... Christopher and Holtz... provide tables for the required degree of geotextile "survivability"(resistance to damage during construction) as a function of subgrade conditions, construction equipment, and type of cover or backfill material.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - geotextile%20survivability

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Surviabilité : Qualité de ce qui est surviable.  2, fiche 9, Français, - surviabilit%C3%A9%20des%20g%C3%A9otextiles

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Surviable : Se dit d'un matériel capable de continuer à fonctionner en dépit d'agressions extérieures pouvant aller de la simple nuisance jusqu'aux effets du combat sur les matériels militaires.  2, fiche 9, Français, - surviabilit%C3%A9%20des%20g%C3%A9otextiles

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Équivalence proposée par analogie au domaine militaire.  1, fiche 9, Français, - surviabilit%C3%A9%20des%20g%C3%A9otextiles

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Géotextile : produit textile utilisé dans le génie civil.  3, fiche 9, Français, - surviabilit%C3%A9%20des%20g%C3%A9otextiles

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Construction Site Damage Effects. The effects of construction operations and equipment should be considered in the selection of reinforcement materials and properties for design.... these properties should be determined by tension testing of reinforcing material specimens that have been subjected to the proposed placement and construction procedures... compaction of blast rock against a geotextile or geogrid may cause damage that reduces these materials’ tensile strengths and moduli... Christopher and Holtz... provide tables for the required degree of geotextile "survivability"(resistance to damage during construction) as a function of subgrade conditions, construction equipment, and type of cover or blackfill material.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - construction%20site%20damage%20effect

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See record "construction site/chantier de construction".  2, fiche 10, Anglais, - construction%20site%20damage%20effect

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir la fiche[chantier de construction/construction site].  1, fiche 10, Français, - effet%20des%20dommages%20subis%20sur%20le%20chantier%20de%20construction

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Construction Site Damage Effects. The effects of construction operations and equipment should be considered in the selection of reinforcement materials and properties for design.... these properties should be determined by tension testing of reinforcing material specimens that have been subjected to the proposed placement and construction procedures.... compaction of blast rock against a geotextile or geogrid may cause damage that reduces these materials’ tensile strengths and moduli.... Christopher and Holtz... provide tables for the required degree of geotextile "survivability"(resistance to damage during construction) as a function of subgrade conditions, construction equipment, and type of cover or backfill material.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - construction%20site%20damage

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See record "construction site/chantier de construction".  2, fiche 11, Anglais, - construction%20site%20damage

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir la fiche [chantier de construction/construction site].  1, fiche 11, Français, - dommages%20subis%20sur%20le%20chantier%20de%20construction

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The area of a section between the center gravity of the reinforcement in tension and the compressed face of a flexed member  1, fiche 12, Anglais, - effective%20area%20of%20concrete

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol