TERMIUM Plus^®

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The geometric theory of gravitation developed by Albert Einstein, incorporating and extending the theory of special relativity to accelerated frames of reference and introducing the principle that gravity is a consequence of matter causing a curvature in spacetime.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - general%20theory%20of%20relativity

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The central idea of general relativity is that space and time are two aspects of spacetime. Spacetime is curved when there is gravity, matter, energy, and momentum.  4, fiche 1, Anglais, - general%20theory%20of%20relativity

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Théorie géométrique de la gravitation formulée par Albert Einstein qui incorpore et applique la théorie de la relavité spéciale à des cadres de référence accélérés, de même qu'introduit la notion voulant que la gravité est une conséquence de la matière courbant l'espace-temps.  3, fiche 1, Français, - th%C3%A9orie%20de%20la%20relativit%C3%A9%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale

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Selon la relativité générale, l'attraction gravitationnelle que l'on observe entre les masses est provoquée par une déformation de l'espace et du temps par ces masses.  4, fiche 1, Français, - th%C3%A9orie%20de%20la%20relativit%C3%A9%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale

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[A] short and/or incomplete realization of a certain method or idea to demonstrate its feasibility, or a demonstration in principle, whose purpose is to verify that some concept or theory is probably capable of exploitation in a useful manner...  4, fiche 2, Anglais, - proof%20of%20concept%20demonstration

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The proof of concept is intended to test [Public Works and Government Services Canada]’s capacity to incorporate new energy management technology into existing automated systems.  5, fiche 2, Anglais, - proof%20of%20concept%20demonstration

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Démonstration (sous forme de prototype ou non) de la faisabilité, viabilité et validité d'un concept, d'un produit, etc.  1, fiche 2, Français, - d%C3%A9monstration%20du%20bien%2Dfond%C3%A9%20de%20la%20conception

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La validation de principe a pour but de vérifier la capacité de [Travaux publics et Services gouvernementaux Canada] d'intégrer une nouvelle technologie de gestion de l'énergie à ses systèmes automatisés actuels.  3, fiche 2, Français, - d%C3%A9monstration%20du%20bien%2Dfond%C3%A9%20de%20la%20conception

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The correspondence principle implies that any new theory in physics must reduce to preceding theories that have been proven to be valid. For example, Einstein's special theory of relativity satisfies the correspondence principle since it reduces to classical mechanics for velocities small compared with the velocity of light.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - Bohr%27s%20correspondence%20principle

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Le principe de correspondance de Bohr stipule qu'à la limite des grands nombres quantiques caractérisant les systèmes atomiques on doit retrouver les formules de la physique classique. Ce principe a permis en particulier de connecter les formules donnant les intensités du rayonnement des atomes quantiques avec les formules classiques.  1, fiche 3, Français, - principe%20de%20correspondance%20de%20Bohr

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... In archival theory, the principle that archives of a given records creator must not be intermingled with those of other records creators. The principle is frequently referred to by the French expression, respect des fonds. A corollary, frequently designated as a separate principle, is the Principle of Sanctity of the Original Order(or respect pour l'ordre primitif, Registratur Prinzip, or Registry Principle).  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - provenance

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[...]non-séparation des documents provenant d'un organisme donné et [...] non-mélange de documents, tout au moins dans sa version primitive, du classement interne des documents.  1, fiche 4, Français, - respect%20des%20fonds

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Un principe corollaire, celui du respect de la structure interne, est souvent utilisé comme synonyme pour respect des fonds.  5, fiche 4, Français, - respect%20des%20fonds

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[The principle] that people learn better from words and pictures than from words alone.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - multimedia%20principle

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[The author] explained seven multimedia learning principles, i.e., spatial contiguity principle, multimedia principle, temporal contiguity principle, coherence principle, modality principle, redundancy principle, and individual differences principle.  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - multimedia%20principle

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multimedia principle : concept and term that are part of Richard E. Mayer's cognitive theory of multimedia learning.  4, fiche 5, Anglais, - multimedia%20principle

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[Principe voulant qu'un] apprentissage se fasse mieux avec des mots et des images qu’avec des mots seulement.  2, fiche 5, Français, - principe%20multim%C3%A9dia

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Sur la base de ses nombreux travaux, [l'auteur] décrit 7 principes pour l’élaboration de messages multimédias efficaces : Principe multimédia [...] Principe de contiguïté spatiale [...] Principe de contiguïté temporelle [...] Principe de cohérence [...] Principe de modalité [...] Principe de redondance [...] Principe des différences individuelles [...]  3, fiche 5, Français, - principe%20multim%C3%A9dia

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principe multimédia : concept et terme faisant partie de la théorie cognitive de l'apprentissage multimédia de Richard E. Mayer.  4, fiche 5, Français, - principe%20multim%C3%A9dia

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The Premack Principle suggests that the opportunity to engage in high probability behaviours can be used to reinforce the performance of low probability behaviours. Molar equilibrium theory extends this notion to suggest that, in effect, the opportunity to engage in any behaviour shown by the organism under a free-operant baseline can be used to reinforce or punish the performance of any other behaviour.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - molar%20equilibrium%20theory

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Ainsi, la théorie de l'équilibre molaire affirme que dans une situation d'apprentissage instrumental, il y a non pas une réponse et un stimulus conséquent, mais bien deux réponses. Un effet de renforcement se produit non parce que certaines activités sont attrayantes, mais parce que leur disponibilité relative est plus restreinte lors de la contingence de renforcement.  2, fiche 6, Français, - th%C3%A9orie%20de%20l%27%C3%A9quilibre%20molaire

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Prior to("Quia Emptores") the number of subtenures had greatly increased by the process of subinfeudation. By this process a tenant, instead of alienating his land outright for a capital sum, created a new tenurial relationship between himself and another whereby the other person became his tenant of the land in return for a perpetual grant or service. The new tenant might create a further subtenure and in theory the process could go on "ad infinitum". "Quia Emptores" accomplished two important objectives. In the first place it abolished alienation by subinfeudation and secondly, it endorsed the principle of alienation by substitution.(Anger & Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, p. 23)  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - alienation%20by%20subinfeudation

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aliénation par sous-inféodation : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 7, Français, - ali%C3%A9nation%20par%20sous%2Dinf%C3%A9odation

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To facilitate inclusion of atmospheric stability classification in the wake meandering modeling, we fit the Mann spectral tensor model to stable and unstable atmospheric stratification. The Mann model adapts well to the observations in all stability classes, although the model was developed for neutral conditions only.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - Mann%20spectral%20tensor%20model

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The Mann spectral method combines rapid distortion theory, an assumed linear mean wind shear, the Von Kármán spectral tensor and a model for eddy lifetime, and it is restricted to homogeneous Gaussian turbulence fields. Although the spectral tensor in principle contains the same information as the cross spectra, the tensor formulation leads to considerable simpler and faster simulations of turbulence than the cross spectra based methods. This type of synthetic turbulence field generation will therefore still be used for simulating the ambient turbulence field as well as the large scale turbulence field applied for the description of the meandering process.  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - Mann%20spectral%20tensor%20model

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Des modélisations plus complexes de la turbulence ont depuis été élaborées. En particulier, Jacob Mann (RISO Danish National Laboratory) a développé le modèle de tenseur spectral de Mann […] Dans ce cas, le champ de turbulence vu par l’éolienne est assimilé à un champ vertical dépendant du temps, initialement isotrope et homogène. Ce champ devient progressivement anisotrope en se déformant par cisaillement sur une période de temps T, dont l’effet est estimé par linéarisation des équations de Navier-Stokes (principe de la Rapid Distorsion Theory). Le degré de complexité suivant réside dans la prise en compte de la non-homogénéité de la composante verticale.  1, fiche 8, Français, - mod%C3%A8le%20de%20tenseur%20spectral%20de%20Mann

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The act or process of washing auriferous soil for gold.  2, fiche 9, Anglais, - gold%20washing

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Principle of gold washing.-The whole theory and practice of separating alluvial gold from the earthy matters and minerals with which it is found is dependent upon the high specific gravity of the precious metal; and all apparatus used in the operation is constructed and arranged on the principle that, while water has the power of removing the base material, the gold is almost entirely left behind.  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - gold%20washing

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Exploitation artisanale d'alluvions aurifères.  3, fiche 9, Français, - orpaillage

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The functional autonomy principle suggests another way of thinking about human motivation, quite different from any other theory. In the mature personality, for instance, habits, skills and behavioral patterns originally developed for instinctual satisfaction may become self-motivating and independent from their historical causes.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - functional%20autonomy%20principle

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... if there are strict requirements in respect of the residual coal content, then for separation according to the principle of equal falling in the inner chamber, the size range of the particles to be separated must be narrower than originally calculated in theory.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - separation%20according%20to%20the%20principle%20of%20equal%20falling

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Principle of physical optics which states that the diffraction pattern caused by an opaque circular disc or sphere is identical with that caused by a circular aperture of the same radius. This reciprocity principle is utilized in the theory of the corona which is caused by diffraction due to cloud or fog droplets.  3, fiche 12, Anglais, - Babinet%27s%20principle

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Principe d'optique physique selon lequel le diagramme de diffraction causé par un disque circulaire ou une sphère opaque est identique à celui causé par une ouverture circulaire de même rayon. Ce principe de réciprocité est utilisé dans la théorie de la couronne causée par la diffraction due aux gouttelettes de nuage ou de brouillard.  1, fiche 12, Français, - principe%20de%20Babinet

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Principio de la óptica física que establece que el diagrama de difracción causado por una esfera o por un disco opacos es idéntico al causado por una abertura circular del mismo radio. Este principio de reciprocidad se usa en la teoría de la corona, la cual se forma por la difracción por gotitas de nube o de niebla.  1, fiche 12, Espagnol, - principio%20de%20Babinet

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The principle or practice of being inclusive, especially of seeking to incorporate disparate or unreconciled elements in a single system or theory.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - inclusivism

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During the eighties, the term was adopted in architecture and theology. It is now being taken in general usage. "Inclusivist" has developed as a noun, denoting "an exponent of inclusivism", and as an adjective.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - inclusivism

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Par analogie avec «exclusivisme», «constructivisme», «existentialisme».  1, fiche 13, Français, - inclusivisme

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N. Chomsky describes his pursuit in theoretical terms as a search for universal grammar(or U. G.) U. G. is genetically determined at its initial state(in the organism) and is specified, sharpened, articulated, and refines under conditions set by experience, to yield the particular grammars found in specific groups of individuals(1980, p. 234). A theory of universal grammar is said to be an explanatory theory. To know a language is to be in a certain state of mind/brain : this state is described by a core grammar which consists of certain principles of universal grammar, which are to be discovered by linguists. Thus, Chomsky takes a purely realistic stance : language knowledge is a series of states in the brain... Now he has come to the conclusion that it is more productive to speak of various principles that govern language use. These principles begin in human biology. They determine the kinds of grammar that are available in principle(Chomsky 1979). The principles of U. G. are various subsystems, which go by names like binding theory, control theory, government, theta theory, and the like-each of which features a limited degree of parametric variation.  2, fiche 14, Anglais, - universal%20grammar

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Selon Chomsky, ensemble de principes et de règles innées qui s'activent au moment de l'apprentissage du langage chez l'enfant. En IA, la notion très ancienne d'universaux du langage a inspiré l'approche conceptuelle du traitement du langage naturel et plus particulièrement de la traduction automatisée.  1, fiche 14, Français, - grammaire%20universelle

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An accounting principle based on the theory that the information in financial statements should be verifiable and objectively determined.  1, fiche 15, Anglais, - objectivity%20principle

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Principe comptable selon lequel l'information contenue dans les états financiers doit être à la fois vérifiable et déterminée objectivement.  1, fiche 15, Français, - principe%20d%27objectivit%C3%A9

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Biological effects of ionizing radiation. ... at the upper end of the scale, there is no radiation exposure so high it will guarantee that every exposed individual will suffer the effect. Nor at the lower end is any exposure so low that it will carry no risk to anyone of inducing the effect. These radiation effects are therefore said to have "no threshold." Logically, it follows that any exposure to radiation, no matter how small, carries some risk and that any reduction in exposure, even from an already very low level, confers some benefit. However, it is not always appreciated that the absence of a "safe" threshold is a theoretical assumption and a safety precaution rather than something that can be proven. It is also not well understood that the toxic effects of radiation, for which there is no defined safe level, may not differ fundamentally from those of some chemical toxins for which a "safe" level in the body or in the environment has been declared.  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - no%20threshold

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Complicating the problem of public perceptions of the level of risk associated with radioactive wastes is the confusion induced by two fundamental principles of radio-biological and radiation protection theory. The first is the "no-threshold" hypothesis, and the second is the "as low as reasonably achievable, "or ALARA, principle. The first principle holds that there is no threshold below which exposure to radiation is entirely safe. The "no threshold" hypothesis-that any exposure to ionizing radiation, no matter how small, will increase the probability of a harmful consequence to an exposed individual-is an important scientific concept.... it is generally agreed that it is wise to err on the side of safety and work from the assumption that there is no safe level.  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - no%20threshold

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Voir aussi le terme anglais «threshold limit value».  2, fiche 16, Français, - aucun%20seuil

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In epistemic diagnosis by direct assignment of credit or blame, a modeling method for extracting information from behavior that follows observable behavior.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - model%20tracing

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The idea behind model tracing is to create a close correspondence between units of the internal model and single steps of observable behavior. The required tuning of granularity can affect the design of the interface as well as that of the internal model. In ACT theory, knowledge compilation transforms declarative knowledge into a rule format that is directly usable for performance. As a consequence, compiled problem-solving knowledge, though it is a form of knowledge, maps directly onto behavior, unlike a concept or a principle, which must be interpreted before it can manifest itself in behavior. Thus knowledge compilation is really the core principle of the model-tracing paradigm. It can summarize claims of reasoning of arbitrary complexity as more coarsely grained rules. Model tracing is, in this sense, at the border between behavioral and epistemic diagnosis.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - model%20tracing

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The model-tracing method operates in the context of intelligent tutoring systems which monitor students’ problem-solving activity. In that context, the diagnostic component need not compute the student’s solution path, because it can observe what the student does, step by step.  2, fiche 17, Anglais, - model%20tracing

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... a principle was discovered known as the "compact theory" of Confederation, according to which the original provinces(and other provinces also by subsequent inclusion) entered into a compact or treaty in 1867, with the alleged result that any alteration in the terms of that compact must involve consultation with all parties(namely, the provinces) and eventually the consent of all parties before it can be made.  1, fiche 18, Anglais, - compact%20theory%20of%20Confederation

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[...] en vertu des précédents, des conventions constitutionnelles et notamment de la théorie du pacte, la partie du droit constitutionnel relatif au partage des compétences entre le fédéral et les membres de la fédération atteint à un degré maximal de rigidité [...]  3, fiche 18, Français, - th%C3%A9orie%20du%20pacte%20f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ratif

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Le pacte fédératif doit avant tout correspondre aux désirs des fédérés et être assez souple pour s'adapter à l'évolution des causes premières de l'union.  4, fiche 18, Français, - th%C3%A9orie%20du%20pacte%20f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ratif

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D'après Gil Rémillard, auteur de «Le fédéralisme canadien», le qualificatif «fédératif» est employé en référence au principe du fédéralisme et celui de «fédéral» en rapport avec l'autorité centrale.  1, fiche 18, Français, - th%C3%A9orie%20du%20pacte%20f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ratif

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The relation whereby, if one simultaneously measures values of two canonically conjugate variables, such as position and momentum, the product of the uncertainties of their measured values cannot be less than approximately Planck’s constant divided by 2[pi].  3, fiche 19, Anglais, - uncertainty%20relation

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The author [Nottale] proposes an extension of the principle of relativity upon which the setting of a spatio-temporal theory of microphysics could be founded. He shows that some of the main properties of the quantum world, I. E the Heisenberg uncertainty relations, may be deduced from the geometric structures of a new space-time whose metrics would depend on spatio-temporal resolutions.  4, fiche 19, Anglais, - uncertainty%20relation

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En physique, les relations d'incertitude de Heisenberg imposent une limite à ce qui peut être mesuré (...)  1, fiche 19, Français, - relation%20d%27incertitude%20de%20Heisenberg

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A teleological ethical theory which holds that the morality of an act can be determined by whether it produces the greatest good for the greatest number.  2, fiche 20, Anglais, - utilitarianism

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We shall use "utilitarianism" to refer to the moral theory that there is one and only one basic principle in ethics, the principle of utility, which asserts that we ought always to produce the greatest possible balance of value over disvalue(or the least possible balance of disvalue, if only undesirable results can be achieved).  3, fiche 20, Anglais, - utilitarianism

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Théorie morale téléologique qui cherche ce qu'il convient de faire en fonction d'une finalité, à savoir le plus grand bonheur pour le plus grand nombre.  2, fiche 20, Français, - utilitarisme

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[...] Jeremy Bentham définit ainsi l'idéal de l'utilitarisme : «le plus grand bonheur pour le plus grand nombre.» Le bonheur est la somme des plaisirs. Le principe d'utilité détermine si une action a comme conséquence de promouvoir l'accroissement du bonheur de la société. Les conséquences d'une action déterminent sa valeur morale.  3, fiche 20, Français, - utilitarisme

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Traditional terminological theory... identifies its approach as "onomasiological, "i. e., a "naming" approach, because in principle it starts from concepts and looks for the names of these concepts. By contrast, the lexicographical approach is called "semasiological, "i. e., a "meaning" approach, because it starts from words and looks for their meaning.  3, fiche 21, Anglais, - onomasiological

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onomasiology: the study of the means of expressing a given concept.  4, fiche 21, Anglais, - onomasiological

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Qui concerne l'onomasiologie.  2, fiche 21, Français, - onomasiologique

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onomasiologie : Étude sémantique qui consiste à partir d'un concept pour rechercher les signes linguistiques qui lui correspondent. [...] La démarche onomasiologique s'oppose à la démarche sémasiologique.  2, fiche 21, Français, - onomasiologique

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Elliott Wave Theory, derived from the Wave Principle posited by accountant R. N. Elliott(1939), is based on investor psychology, which is said to alternate rhythmically between pessimism to optimism. These rhythms are called wave patterns and repeat themselves. By studying the patterns, Prechter predicts market behavior.  2, fiche 22, Anglais, - wave%20theory

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Utilisant également la théorie de la vague pour distinguer les points tournants et entrevoir les perspectives, les prévisions de la maison Deragon, Langlois rejoignent largement les mouvements prévus par The Elliot Wave Theorist.  3, fiche 22, Français, - th%C3%A9orie%20de%20la%20vague

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A theory whose underlying principle is as follows : to describe all the possible sentences in a language by means of a factored set of representations plus mappings between these representations.  1, fiche 23, Anglais, - government%20binding%20theory

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Nottale proposes an extension of the principle of relativity upon which the setting of a spatio-temporal theory of microphysics could be founded. He shows that some of the main properties of the quantum world, i. e. the Heisenberg uncertainty relations, may be deduced from the geometric structures of a new space-time whose metrics would depend on spatio-temporal resolutions. The theory may be worked out due to the introduction of a new mathematical tool, the fractal derivative, which allows one to connect the concepts of presence probability and metric potentials.  1, fiche 24, Anglais, - fractal%20derivative

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Tiré du résumé de l'article de Nottale L., sur le temps de la microphysique, publié dans les Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences, Série 2, 1988, vol. 306, no. 5, p. 341-346.  1, fiche 24, Français, - d%C3%A9riv%C3%A9e%20fractale

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Structural information is modeled after the representation used for ENVISION theory, including device topology and component models. In QUEST, this circuit-specific information abides by the no-function-in-structure principle, in that components cannot refer explicitly to the states of other components or the functioning of the whole device.  1, fiche 25, Anglais, - structural%20information

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Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Structural information is modeled after the representation used for ENVISION theory, including device topology and component models. In QUEST, this circuit-specific information abides by the no-function-in-structure principle, in that components cannot refer explicitly to the states of other components or the functioning of the whole device.  1, fiche 26, Anglais, - circuit%20specific

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Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Comparer à indépendant des circuits.  1, fiche 26, Français, - sp%C3%A9cifique%20aux%20circuits

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Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

While knowledge and an awareness of Dow Theory, the Elliott Principle,... and all the rest are important, nevertheless the most reliable method of spotting a major reversal in the stock market is to go through the individual stock charts one by one to pick out individual accumulation patterns.  1, fiche 27, Anglais, - individual%20stock%20chart

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Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bien que la connaissance de la théorie de Dow, du principe d'Elliott, (...) soit importante, la méthode la plus sûre pour déceler un renversement important du marché est de bien observer les graphiques de titres particuliers, un par un, et de sélectionner les formations d'accumulation individuelles (...)  1, fiche 27, Français, - graphique%20de%20titre%20particulier

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Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

While knowledge and an awareness of Dow Theory, the Elliott Principle..., relative strengths and all the rest are important, nevertheless the most reliable method of spotting a major reversal in the stock market is to go through the individual stock charts...  1, fiche 28, Anglais, - relative%20strength

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Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bien que la connaissance de la théorie de Dow, du principe d'Elliott (...) du comportement différentiel, etc. soit importante, la méthode la plus sûre pour déceler un renversement important du marché est de bien observer les graphiques de titres particuliers (...)  1, fiche 28, Français, - comportement%20diff%C3%A9rentiel

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Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The theory of continuity and the theory of contiguity are to some extent reflected in the claims made by States to polar areas according to the sector principle. By claims based on this principle, certain States with territory bordering on the polar regions have asserted a sovereign title to land or frozen sea within a sector defined by the coastline of this territory and by meridians of longitude intersecting at the North or South Pole as the case may be.  1, fiche 29, Anglais, - sector%20principle

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Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La théorie des secteurs [...] attribue à chaque État possédant un littoral sur l'Océan glacial arctique la souveraineté de toutes les terres comprises dans un triangle ayant pour base ce littoral, pour sommet le pôle Nord et pour côtés les méridiens passant par les extrémités est et ouest de ce littoral.  1, fiche 29, Français, - th%C3%A9orie%20des%20secteurs

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Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the case of a single observation Kelley has suggested several principles or causal schemata which observers may use to arrive at causal attributions. The first principle is known as the discounting principle, and states that the role of a given cause in producing a given effect is discounted if other plausible causes are present(attribution theory).  1, fiche 30, Anglais, - discounting%20principle

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Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the theory was based on the old German principle dating far back in the history of war that necessity of war(Kriegsraison) overrides the manner of warfare(Kriegsmanier) ;once the usages of war have assumed the status of laws they cannot be overridden by necessity, except in those special cases where the law itself makes provision for that eventuality;...  1, fiche 31, Anglais, - kriegsraison

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Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Traduction de l'expression allemande : Kriegsraison, par laquelle on a voulu désigner les considérations d'ordre militaire qui, dans une situation donnée, autoriseraient à se départir de l'observation des lois et coutumes de la guerre.  1, fiche 31, Français, - raison%20de%20guerre

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