TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

International human trafficking involves someone who in the process of being trafficked, crosses an international border, regardless of the victim's immigration status. The legality or illegality of border crossing in this case is irrelevant.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - international%20human%20trafficking

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La traite de personnes internationale est associée aux cas de victimes qui, durant le processus de la traite, franchissent une frontière internationale, quel que soit leur statut d'immigrant. La frontière peut être franchie légalement ou non.  1, fiche 1, Français, - traite%20de%20personnes%20internationale

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When the snowflakes enter warmer air, they begin to evaporate. Evaporation is a cooling process-it takes heat from the environment and applies it into the substance being evaporated(in this case, snow). This cools the air around the snowflakes as they fall and prevents them from completely evaporating or transitioning to rain.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - cooling%20process

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When the object being studied is asymmetric, a single interferogram does not provide sufficient data; in this case multi-directional interferometric data must be utilized. Data of this type can be obtained from a holographic interferogram in which the transparent object is back-illuminated by a diffuser.  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - holographic%20interferogram

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Within the industry, there has been arisen a misconception that high-capacity ginning results in lower-quality fiber. However, when the ginnery and all its sub-systems have been properly designed, operated, and maintained, this has been shown not to be the case. Increased ginning capacity without compromised quality will continue to be one of the major goals of the industry, since it will result in lower per-bale ginning costs and more cotton being processed in a given amount of time.  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - ginning%20capacity

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] cette unité industrielle [...] aura une capacité d'égrenage de 17 500 tonnes de coton biologique par saison, soit 125 tonnes par jour, et emploiera plus de 40 travailleurs permanents, 100 travailleurs journaliers et plus de 200 travailleurs saisonniers.  2, fiche 4, Français, - capacit%C3%A9%20d%27%C3%A9grenage

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

AMAB/MAAB... refer to what gender you were assigned at birth(in this case male, thus you are expected to be a boy/man), and are important because many trans people use them as a way to talk about their gender identity without being pinned down to more essentialist narratives about their "sex" or what gender they "used to be. "  4, fiche 5, Anglais, - assigned%20male%20at%20birth

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Scuttling is the deliberate sinking of a ship by allowing water to flow into the hull. This can be achieved in several ways—seacocks or hatches can be opened to the sea, or holes may be ripped into the hull with brute force or with explosives. Scuttling may be performed to dispose of an abandoned, old, or captured vessel; to prevent the vessel from becoming a navigation hazard; as an act of self-destruction to prevent the ship from being captured by an enemy force(or, in the case of a vessel engaged in illegal activities, by the authorities) ;as a blockship to restrict navigation through a channel or within a harbor; to provide an artificial reef for divers and marine life; or to alter the flow of rivers.  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - scuttling

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pour un capitaine, fait de couler volontairement son navire.  3, fiche 6, Français, - sabordage

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le sabordage (ou sabordement) est un terme de marine désignant le fait de couler volontairement un bateau par l'équipage […] qui le contrôle et consiste à créer une ou plusieurs voies d'eau. Les moyens utilisés peuvent être l'ouverture de vannes ou de sas, ou bien la création d'une ouverture dans la carène en dessous de la ligne de flottaison à l'aide d'outils ou d'explosifs. Dans la marine de guerre, le sabordage évite qu'un navire passe entre les mains de l'ennemi et permet à l'équipage d'échapper à la capture […]. Le sabordage sert aussi à obstruer un passage, à se débarrasser d'un navire en fin de vie ou à créer un récif artificiel.  2, fiche 6, Français, - sabordage

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

AFAB/FAAB... refer to what gender you were assigned at birth(in this case female, thus you are expected to be a girl/woman), and are important because many trans people use them as a way to talk about their gender identity without being pinned down to more essentialist narratives about their "sex" or what gender they "used to be. "  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - assigned%20female%20at%20birth

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

French meat cuts are not always translated into English. In fact, the French term is often used in English. In this case, however, one could use a translation such as "lean neck cut", "neck cut" being the equivalent for "collier".  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - SANS%20%C3%89QUIVALENT%2FNO%20EQUIVALENT

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

North American and French meat cuts are not the same.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - SANS%20%C3%89QUIVALENT%2FNO%20EQUIVALENT

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En termes de boucherie, morceau du collier de bœuf, subdivisé en veine grasse (ou saignée) et veine maigre (ou second talon), toutes deux riches en tissus conjonctifs. On y trouve des morceaux à braiser (daube, carbonade, bœuf mode).  1, fiche 8, Français, - second%20talon

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An aggressive form of defense in which players guard opponents very closely.  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - pressing

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In "pressure" defence, the defending team makes positive attempts to gain possession of the ball and prevent the shot being taken. An extension to the principle of pressure defence leads to the "press". This is a form of defence in which pressure is applied over an area far beyond that from which a shot would normally be taken. In the case of a "full-court press", pressure is applied over the whole court whenever that team is defending.  4, fiche 9, Anglais, - pressing

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The "press" may employ the principles of a zone, man-to-man defence, or a combination of the two.  4, fiche 9, Anglais, - pressing

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Manœuvre défensive consistant à surveiller son opposant de très près [et à] serrer le marquage en tentant d'intercepter le ballon.  4, fiche 9, Français, - harc%C3%A8lement

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A defensive tactic designed to prevent the opposing team from freely using their customary attacking pattern. It consists of all five defensive men.  3, fiche 10, Anglais, - full%2Dcourt%20press

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In "pressure" defence, the defending team makes positive attempts to gain possession of the ball and prevent the shot being taken. An extension to the principle of pressure defence leads t the "press". This is a form of defence in which pressure is applied over an area far beyond that from which a shot would normally be taken. In the case of a "full-court press", pressure is applied over the whole court whenever that team is defending.  4, fiche 10, Anglais, - full%2Dcourt%20press

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A "full-court press" is applied all over the floor; a "half-court press" only after the ball is brought across the mid-court line.  5, fiche 10, Anglais, - full%2Dcourt%20press

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The "press" may employ the principles of a zone, man-to-man defence, or a combination of the two.  4, fiche 10, Anglais, - full%2Dcourt%20press

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

press: An aggressive form of defense in which players guard opponents very closely.  6, fiche 10, Anglais, - full%2Dcourt%20press

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La «zone-presse» peut être comparée au harcèlement sur tout le terrain, du fait que le but recherché est identique, à savoir empêcher le déroulement normal des actions offensives adverses et tenter l'interception du ballon.  4, fiche 10, Français, - pression%20tout%20terrain

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

harcèlement : Manœuvre défensive consistant à serrer le marquage en surveillant étroitement son opposant et en tentant d'intercepter le ballon.  3, fiche 10, Français, - pression%20tout%20terrain

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A variation of the full-court press is the half-court press in which the press is applied just outside of the division line and is confined generally to the back-court of the defending team.  3, fiche 11, Anglais, - half%2Dcourt%20press

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A "full-court press" is applied all over the floor, a "half-court press" only after the ball is brought across the mid-court line.  4, fiche 11, Anglais, - half%2Dcourt%20press

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 3 CONT

In "pressure" defence, the defending team makes positive attempts to gain possession of the ball and prevent the shot being taken. An extension to the principle of pressure defence leads to the "press". This is a form of defence in which pressure is applied over an area far beyond that from which a shot would normally be taken. In the case of a "full-court press", pressure is applied over the whole court whenever that team is defending.  5, fiche 11, Anglais, - half%2Dcourt%20press

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The "press" may employ the principles of a zone, man-to-man defence, or a combination of the two.  5, fiche 11, Anglais, - half%2Dcourt%20press

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

press: An aggressive form of defense in which players guard opponents very closely.  6, fiche 11, Anglais, - half%2Dcourt%20press

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

C'est pourquoi un pressing sur un demi-terrain est moins éprouvant et peut être plus rentable qu'un pressing sur tout le terrain : rien n'est plus mauvais pour un défenseur.  5, fiche 11, Français, - pression%20sur%20demi%2Dterrain

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

harcèlement : Manœuvre défensive consistant à serrer le marquage en surveillant étroitement son opposant et en tentant d'intercepter le ballon.  6, fiche 11, Français, - pression%20sur%20demi%2Dterrain

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A document used under a letter of credit, containing an affidavit that goods have been manufactured and are being held for the account and risk of the buyer. In war times, when transportation facilities are disrupted, it is common for letter of credits to be paid against presentation of a certificate of manufacture. This is rare in ordinary times, except in the case of specially manufactured goods.  2, fiche 12, Anglais, - certificate%20of%20manufacture

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Documento en el cual el fabricante acredita que la mercancía descrita en el documento ha sido fabricada por él.  2, fiche 12, Espagnol, - certificado%20de%20fabricaci%C3%B3n

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Offensive spin-off : defined as spin-off activity aimed at encouraging the creation of innovative companies organised in a network, through the development of new products or new networks. In this case, the spin-off companies will organise themselves into groups of allied companies. It is a genuine case of independent but supportive organisations being satellites of each other. They can react quickly and effectively before new markets, without compromising their profitability.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - offensive%20spin%2Doff

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On appelle «essaimage passif, défensif ou à chaud», l'essaimage issu de l'appui par l'entreprise source à la création ou à la reprise d'entreprises à l'égard de salariés dont l'emploi a été supprimé ou doit être supprimé. A contrario, «l'essaimage actif, offensif ou à froid» est issu d'une politique d'essaimage mise en œuvre par l'entreprise source en dehors de toute situation de gestion de sureffectifs.  1, fiche 13, Français, - essaimage%20actif

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pitched instruments are those that have a well-defined pitch or fundamental frequency-in this case, normally the "pitch"(a subjective frequency measure) matches the "fundamental frequency"(an objective frequency measure). For that reason, it is common that both terms be used interchangeably. Most pitched instruments are also harmonic, meaning that their partials... are close to being harmonics... However, some percussion instruments have a defined pitch, but their partials tend to be nonharmonic.  1, fiche 14, Anglais, - pitched%20instrument

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bailments are of six kinds, the classification being of importance from the different nature of the bailee's liability in each case...(4) when goods or chattels are delivered to another as a pawn, to be security to him for money borrowed of him by the bailor; this is called vadium, a pawn or pledge...(Jowitt's, 2nd ed. 1977, p. 176)  3, fiche 15, Anglais, - pawn

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As a type of bailment.  4, fiche 15, Anglais, - pawn

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gage : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l’accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, fiche 15, Français, - gage

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The limiting errors (confidence limits) of a single measurement of a given value of the quantity to be measured under the specified conditions of use of the instrument, not taking the bias errors into consideration.  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - limits%20of%20repeatability%20error

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Notes : 1. The limits of repeatability error are usually calculated as the product of the rms repeatability error and a number t(whole or fractional).... 2. For the purpose of legal metrology, the limiting errors of repeatability of a measuring instrument are defined, for a given value of the quantity to be measured, as being the algebraic difference between the upper limiting value v_{i max} and the lower limiting value v_{i min} of the indications which the instrument can give, without taking into account the reading errors, and the mean value v_i of the indications. The range of the limits of repeatability is equal, in this case to v_{i max}-v_{2 min}...  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - limits%20of%20repeatability%20error

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Erreurs limites d'un seul mesurage d'une valeur donnée de la grandeur à mesurer effectué dans les conditions déterminées d'emploi de l'instrument, les erreurs de justesse n'étant pas prises en considération.  1, fiche 16, Français, - erreurs%20limites%20de%20fid%C3%A9lit%C3%A9

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Remarques : 1. On calcule en général les erreurs limites de fidélité comme le produit de l'erreur moyenne quadratique de fidélité par un nombre t (entier ou fractionnaire) [...] 2. Pour les besoins de la métrologie légale, on définit les erreurs limites de fidélité d'un instrument de mesurage, pour une valeur donnée de la grandeur à mesurer, comme étant les différences algébriques entre les valeurs limites supérieure [...] et inférieure [...] des indications que peut donner l'instrument sans tenir compte des erreurs de lecture, et la valeur moyenne [...] des indications.  1, fiche 16, Français, - erreurs%20limites%20de%20fid%C3%A9lit%C3%A9

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

erreurs limites de fidélité : recommandation internationale de la Troisième Conférence Internationale de Métrologie Légale, 1968.  2, fiche 16, Français, - erreurs%20limites%20de%20fid%C3%A9lit%C3%A9

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A person might be heir and not absolutely heir; as of land descended to an heir presumptive and afterwards a nearer heir was born; but after the Inheritance Act, 1833, this became impossible, except in the case of a posthumous heir being born.(Jowitt's, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 897)  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - posthumous%20heir

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

héritier posthume : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 17, Français, - h%C3%A9ritier%20posthume

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As in the case of the fee simple, at common law the rules for the creation of the estate tail had to be strictly observed in the case of "inter vivos" dispositions. In the case of wills the rules were more relaxed.... In England, these rules were very much simplified by the "Conveyancing and Law of Property Act". This legislation was adopted in the Canadian provinces. The several statutes provided in effect that, in a deed limiting an estate tail, it was no longer necessary to use the words... "heirs female of the body", it being sufficient to use the words... "in tail female",... or to use words sufficiently indicating the limitation intended.(Anger and Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, pp. 134-135).  1, fiche 18, Anglais, - in%20tail%20female

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

en fief taillé en ligne féminine : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 18, Français, - en%20fief%20taill%C3%A9%20en%20ligne%20f%C3%A9minine

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As in the case of the fee simple, at common law the rules for the creation of the estate tail had to be strictly observed in the case of "inter vivos" dispositions. In the case of wills the rules were more relaxed.... In England, these rules were very much simplified by the "Conveyancing and Law of Property Act". This legislation was adopted in the Canadian provinces. The several statutes provided in effect that, in a deed limiting an estate tail, it was no longer necessary to use the words "heirs of the body"..., it being sufficient to use the words "in tail"... or to use words sufficiently indicating the limitation intended.(Anger and Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, pp. 134-5).  1, fiche 19, Anglais, - in%20tail

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

en fief taillé : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 19, Français, - en%20fief%20taill%C3%A9

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As in the case of the fee simple, at common law the rules for the creation of the estate tail had to be strictly observed in the case of "inter vivos" dispositions. In the case of wills the rules were more relaxed.... In England, these rules were very much simplified by the "Conveyancing and Law of Property Act. "This legislation was adopted in the Canadian provinces. The several statutes provided in effect that, in a deed limiting an estate tail, it was no longer necessary to use the words "heirs male of the body", it being sufficient to use the words... "in tail male"... or to use words sufficiently indicating the limitation intended.(Anger and Honsberger, 2nd ed., 1985, pp. 134-135).  1, fiche 20, Anglais, - in%20tail%20male

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

en fief taillé en ligne masculine : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 20, Français, - en%20fief%20taill%C3%A9%20en%20ligne%20masculine

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bailments are of six kinds, the classification being of importance from the different nature of the bailee's liability in each case :(1) a bare naked bailment of goods, where the goods are delivered by one man to another to keep for the use of the bailor; this is called "depositum"....(Jowitt's, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 176)  1, fiche 21, Anglais, - gratuitous%20deposit

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dépôt à titre gratuit; dépôt; «depositum» : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 21, Français, - d%C3%A9p%C3%B4t%20%C3%A0%20titre%20gratuit

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Similarly, the same sets of fingerprints could be found at two different crime scenes, but again without the prints being on file. This would be another case of entity resolution without entity identification, i. e. we know they belong to the same person, but just don’t know whose they are. When this process is done intentionally, we call it anonymous entity resolution.  2, fiche 22, Anglais, - anonymous%20entity%20resolution

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A bridge [whose] angle between the longitudinal axis and the lines of support is not at right angle.  3, fiche 23, Anglais, - skew%20bridge

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When the alignment of the bridge and the obstacle being bridged are not square with one another, the main structural members may not be opposite one another, and the deck may be a parallelogram in plan; in this case the bridge is said to be a skewed bridge.  2, fiche 23, Anglais, - skew%20bridge

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

skew bridge: term and definition standardized by ISO.  4, fiche 23, Anglais, - skew%20bridge

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

skew bridge: term proposed by the World Road Association.  5, fiche 23, Anglais, - skew%20bridge

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pont dont l'axe longitudinal n'est pas perpendiculaire aux lignes d'appui.  3, fiche 23, Français, - pont%20biais

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les ponts sont classés en ponts droits, pont biais, pont courbes, suivant leur disposition en plan.  4, fiche 23, Français, - pont%20biais

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pont biais : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  5, fiche 23, Français, - pont%20biais

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

pont biais : terme proposé par l'Association mondiale de la route.  6, fiche 23, Français, - pont%20biais

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This can be a concern especially in cases such as sexual harassment where claimants may worry about being subjected to extensive questioning of a personal nature and the possibility of having to face the perpetrator in the case of an appeal.  2, fiche 24, Anglais, - extensive%20questioning

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cela est particulièrement délicat dans les cas de harcèlement sexuel, où les prestataires peuvent s'inquiéter d'avoir à subir de longs interrogatoires de nature personnelle et d'avoir éventuellement à faire face à l'accusé en cas d'appel.  1, fiche 24, Français, - long%20interrogatoire

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The entrapped enzymes should be differentiated into matrix-entrapped and microencapsulated enzymes, while the bound enzymes should be subdivided into adsorbed and covalently bound enzymes. It was recognized that most, but not necessarily all, immobilized enzyme systems will fit within this scheme.... In the case of covalently bound or cross-linked enzyme, the enzyme itself is probably the weakest chemical link in the system. Hence thermal, pH or inhibitor inactivation, which may not be apparent with "on-off" use of soluble enzyme in batch systems, may be very important when an enzyme is being used for extended periods.  2, fiche 25, Anglais, - covalently%20bound%20enzyme

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsque la température augmente, la molécule se déplie et le centre actif se désintègre, l'enzyme perd alors son activité catalytique. [Cependant, une] enzyme liée de manière convalente en plusieurs points à un support (...) résistera au processus de dépliement et donc à l'inactivation. Il a ainsi été possible de multiplier la stabilité par un facteur de 2 à 5 selon les enzymes.  1, fiche 25, Français, - enzyme%20li%C3%A9e%20par%20covalence

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An increase in wages or salary means that the wage or salary amount is augmented, enlarged, or expanded. This implies that an amount was added to the wages or salary, therefore, constituting a newly agreed rate of pay for the work performed. Often an increase of salary is given retroactively. This occurs during contract renewal where workers continue to perform their duties at their former rate of pay while the contract is being negotiated. When the contract is finally signed and there is a new agreement as to an increased salary level, that new salary is often effective at an earlier date. In this case, payment must be made retroactively to compensate for the difference under the old contract and the increased salary level under the new contract. In other cases, an employer may unilaterally give an increase in salary that may also be retroactive. These retroactive increases in wages or salary are specifically excluded from consideration as earnings.  5, fiche 26, Anglais, - retroactive%20pay%20increase

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pay is the common word and means give someone money due for goods, work, or services.  9, fiche 26, Anglais, - retroactive%20pay%20increase

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

"Salary" is used more for professional and office work, and for pay spoken of as covering a longer period of time ... "Wage" is used more for manual and physical work, and for pay spoken of as covering an hour, day or week ....  9, fiche 26, Anglais, - retroactive%20pay%20increase

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 3 OBS

wage: term usually used in the plural.  10, fiche 26, Anglais, - retroactive%20pay%20increase

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il y a augmentation de salaire lorsque le montant du salaire est augmenté, haussé ou accru. Autrement dit, une somme a été ajoutée au salaire; par conséquent, un nouveau taux de rémunération a été convenu à l'égard du travail exécuté. Une augmentation de salaire est souvent consentie rétroactivement, alors que les travailleurs continuent d'exécuter leur travail à l'ancien taux pendant les négociations sur le renouvellement du contrat de travail. Lorsque le contrat est finalement signé et qu'il y a une nouvelle entente sur l'échelle de salaire, ce nouveau salaire entre souvent en vigueur à une date antérieure. Dans ce cas, un paiement doit être versé rétroactivement pour compenser la différence de salaire entre le taux de l'ancien contrat et celui du nouveau. Dans d'autres cas, un employeur peut décider unilatéralement de donner une augmentation de salaire, qui peut aussi être rétroactive. Ces augmentations rétroactives de salaire sont explicitement exclues de la rémunération.  7, fiche 26, Français, - augmentation%20r%C3%A9troactive%20de%20salaire

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

(Astrophysics) Any one of a variety of types of official messages forwarded on modern space crafts and directed at extra-terrestrial observers (messages include: plaques bearing greetings, coded maps of the solar system, depictions of male and female earthlings, digitally encoded sounds and colour pictures, photographs).  2, fiche 27, Anglais, - tchotchke

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Voyager 1 and 2, launched in 1977, carried more elaborate tchotchkes; digitally encoded sounds and colour pictures, and an instruction kit that tells extraterrestrial engineers how to play the record and build a three-colour television receiver.  1, fiche 27, Anglais, - tchotchke

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Because this term was borrowed from Yiddish to English, we chose to leave it also in its borrowed form in French(the alternative would likely be a very long, wordy, analytical French phrase). Rather than being a totally new word to the English language, "tchotchke" has existed since the late 1960s. However, its former meaning("inexpensive souvenir or trinket") which is now obsolete in current usage, has been replaced by a new, very domain-specific usage in Astrophysics. Such semantic changes are not unusual, as languages are in a constant state of evolution(and in this case, the meanings are not completely dissimilar and unrelated).  2, fiche 27, Anglais, - tchotchke

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 OBS

This neologism is also a "borrowing". English borrows words liberally from other languages; it has, likely, throughout its history. Though the purposes and conditions of borrowing veary greatly, the appearance of foreign words in English often mean a writer is using a native name for an unfamiliar thing or idea. Expanding global contacts are accompanied by more and more borrowings from languages, especially those of Asia and Africa.  2, fiche 27, Anglais, - tchotchke

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Merger and Acquisition Arbitrage. The most common type of risk arbitrage is the price inequalities that is created when a merger or acquisition is announced. Typically when this happens, the acquiring company's stock price usually drops in case the deal doesn’t go through, while the stock price of the company being acquired shoots up close to the offered price(usually at a significant premium to the current traded price). It is interesting to note(and the key to profiting from it) that while the stock price of the acquired company rises, it will never reach the full offered price because there is always a risk of the deal not happening. Therefore, we can take advantage of this by buying stock of the acquired company and as the deal becomes more likely, the stock will rise.  1, fiche 28, Anglais, - merger%20and%20acquisition%20arbitrage

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Arbitrage sur fusions et acquisitions. [...] cette stratégie consiste à investir dans des entreprises étant engagées dans un processus de fusion ou d'acquisition. La tactique classique consiste à acquérir les actions de la société qui va être rachetée tout en vendant à découvert celles de la société acquérante.  4, fiche 28, Français, - arbitrage%20sur%20fusions%2Dacquisitions

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Since alteration means change, change in the environment is synonymous with alteration. In this case, it is a change for the worse. Often the effects of alteration are neither immediately discernible nor accurately predictable. Who can foresee what will happen to a 1970 American baby who is born in an air-conditioned hospital, taken home in an air-conditioned car, reared in an air-conditioned apartment, schooled in an air-conditioned school and amused by recreational activities in an air-conditioned bubble? This unnatural alteration of normal rises and falls in daily temperature may result in eventual genetic changes. And what alteration is being wrought on the urban atmosphere during the summer while hundreds of thousands of air-conditioned apartments and homes pump their waste heat out into the atmosphere and the occupants undergo alteration of temperature and humidity inside? Undesirable levels of pollutants-toxic and otherwise-of course cause alteration of air, water and soil.  1, fiche 29, Anglais, - change%20in%20the%20environment

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La source CILFG-20 («Dict. des secours d'urgence en cas de catastrophe», par William S. Gunn) définit le terme «altération de l'environnement» comme une «Modification, favorable ou défavorable, de l'état de l'environnement». Selon nous, cependant, «altération» ne peut en fait être considéré comme un synonyme de «modification» que si la modification est défavorable (ce qui est presque toujours le cas néanmoins). En effet, altérer veut dire «modifier en mal l'état normal d'une chose, dénaturer l'état normal de quelque chose» [d'après le Grand dict. encycl. Larousse].  4, fiche 29, Français, - modification%20de%20l%27environnement

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For the purposes of this section,(a) the retirement year or retirement month of a person to or in respect of whom or in respect of whose service a pension is payable, other than a person referred to in paragraph(b), is the year or month, as the case may be, in which, for the purposes of the enactment pursuant to which the pension is payable, that person most recently ceased to be employed, to hold office, to be a member of the Senate or House of Commons or to be a member of the regular force or the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, as the case may be; and(b) the retirement year or retirement month of a person who is in receipt of a pension by virtue of being a survivor or a child, is the retirement year or retirement month, as the case may be, of the person in respect of whom or in respect of whose service the pension is payable.  1, fiche 30, Anglais, - retirement%20month

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour l'application du présent article : a) l'année ou le mois de retraite d'une personne à laquelle, relativement à laquelle, ou relativement au service de laquelle, une pension est payable, à l'exclusion d'une personne visée à l'alinéa b), est l'année au cours de laquelle, ou le mois au cours duquel, selon le cas, pour l'application du texte législatif en conformité avec lequel la pension est payable, cette personne a, en dernier lieu, cessé d'être employée, de remplir ses fonctions, d'être sénateur ou député de la Chambre des communes ou d'être membre de la force régulière ou de la Gendarmerie royale du Canada, selon le cas; b) l'année ou le mois de retraite d'une personne qui reçoit une pension à titre de survivant ou d'enfant est l'année ou le mois de retraite, selon le cas, de la personne relativement à laquelle ou relativement au service de laquelle la pension est payable.  1, fiche 30, Français, - mois%20de%20la%20retraite

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] food that has been developed with a specific function, such as reducing fat, preventing or treating a disease, or meeting the particular needs of a specific group.  2, fiche 31, Anglais, - designer%20food

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

No regulatory definition has been given to "designer food". It can be defined as food designed to meet a particular objective; this may involve :-being suitable for a special diet(e. g. : salt-free foods) ;in this case, the product is a dietary product.-stimulating a particular function, and in this case it is functional food. However, all functional foods are not designer foods.-treating an illness and in this case we have a "pharmafood".  3, fiche 31, Anglais, - designer%20food

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des aliments sur mesure. Il existe une foule d'aliments qui répondent aux attentes et aux besoins de groupes-cibles spécifiques. [...] Aussi trouve-t-on des aliments enrichis en vitamines et en minéraux, allégés en graisses et en sucres, enrichis en fibres, allégés en sel, à valeur énergétique réduite, auxquels on ajoute des substances bioactives, des pré- et des probiotiques, [...]  1, fiche 31, Français, - aliment%20sur%20mesure

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Alimento procesado que ha sido suplementado con ingredientes naturales ricos en sustancias capaces de prevenir enfermedades.  1, fiche 31, Espagnol, - alimento%20de%20dise%C3%B1o

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Biological clogging is the result of chemical and microbiological deposition of humus and iron compounds in and around the pipe drain.... biochemical clogging(however, partly mineral), occurs in most peat soils when a too densely structured envelope is used. In this case clogging is caused by organic material being washed out of the soil into the envelope.  1, fiche 32, Anglais, - biochemical%20clogging

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Clogging: The movement by mechanical action or hydraulic flow of soil particles into the voids of a fabric and retention therein, thereby reducing the hydraulic conductivity of a geotextile.  3, fiche 32, Anglais, - biochemical%20clogging

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans les milieux poreux, comme les dépôts clastiques, l'infiltration d'eau entraîne un colmatage, qui se traduit par une diminution de la perméabilité. Ce phénomène est dû au remplissage progressif des pores du sol avec des particules fines transportées en suspension (colmatage mécanique) et à la précipitation de minéraux (colmatage chimique ou biochimique lorsque des bactéries participent au processus).  2, fiche 32, Français, - colmatage%20biochimique

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'aide à la gestion des puits et des forages balaye un large spectre d'applications entre la prévision du vieillissement des ouvrages de captages à la simulation d'impact de l'implantation de telle ou telle géométrie de champ captant. Pour ce faire des méthodes spécifiques sont développées afin de rendre compte de phénomènes comme le colmatage chimique ou biochimique des crépines.  3, fiche 32, Français, - colmatage%20biochimique

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Colmatage chimique. [...] On notera que des eaux chargées en sel de fer peuvent, sous l'action de micro-organismes, déposer sur les géotextiles de l'hydroxyde ferrique qui à terme obturera totalement le géotextile. Colmatage biologique. Dans les ouvrages fluviaux et les zones exposées au batillage, on peut enregistrer sur la texture fibreuse une prolifération d'algues qui, à terme, risque de réduire notablement la perméabilité des nappes et donc d'entraver notablement la fonction de filtration du géotextile.  4, fiche 32, Français, - colmatage%20biochimique

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Colmatage. Dans un système sol-filtre-drain, chacun des trois éléments est susceptible de se colmater. En général, le sol situé au voisinage du filtre perd ses particules fines et ne se colmate pas. Les risques de colmatage du filtre et du drain dépendent de la quantité de ces particules fines quittant le sol et qui est elle-même déterminée par le choix du filtre. Pour éviter le colmatage du filtre, on pourrait choisir un géotextile dont la texture serait plus serrée que le diamètre des particules fines, mais elle serait quasi imperméable et arrêterait même l'eau.  5, fiche 32, Français, - colmatage%20biochimique

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Previously, in the aviation sector, there was no administrative tribunal with the mandate to review ministerial decisions to refuse or cancel an existing security clearance. The Marine Transportation Security Regulations include a reconsideration process for security clearances for marine workers, which is the Office of Reconsideration. This office.. is currently being established in Ottawa. An applicant whose security clearance has been refused or cancelled may apply to this office, which will arrange for an independent assessment of the case and make a recommendation to the Minister.  1, fiche 33, Anglais, - Office%20of%20Reconsideration

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Auparavant, dans le secteur de l'aviation, il n'existait aucun tribunal administratif ayant le mandat de réexaminer les décisions ministérielles, dont celles portant sur le refus ou l'annulation d'une habilitation de sécurité. Le Règlement sur la sûreté du transport maritime comprend un processus de réexamen des habilitations de sécurité des travailleurs du secteur maritime par le Bureau de réexamen. [...] Dans l'intervalle, le Bureau de réexamen (BR) présentement mis en place à Ottawa constitue une solution à court terme relativement au processus de réexamen. Un demandeur qui s'est vu refuser ou annuler une habilitation de sécurité peut soumettre une demande à ce bureau, qui veillera à ce que ce cas fasse l'objet d'une évaluation indépendante et qui formulera une recommandation au Ministre.  1, fiche 33, Français, - Bureau%20de%20r%C3%A9examen

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat. This report presents a series of case studies and testimonials that demonstrate successful application of Modern Comptrollership(MC) practices within federal departments and agencies, document the associated benefits and outline the lessons learned. The case studies and testimonials were developed to provide the federal community of managers with practical, real-life examples of how leading practices in MC are being developed and applied. They were drawn from a cross-section of large, medium-sized and small organizations with a broad range of mandates.  1, fiche 34, Anglais, - Putting%20it%20all%20together%3A%20Leading%20Practices%20and%20Testimonials%20of%20Modern%20Comptrollership

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Secrétariat du Conseil du Trésor du Canada. Le présent rapport contient une série d'études de cas et de témoignages qui illustrent l'application réussie des pratiques de gestion moderne (GM) dans des ministères et organismes fédéraux, qui documentent les avantages connexes et qui décrivent les leçons apprises. Les études de cas et les témoignages ont été conçus de manière à donner à l'ensemble des gestionnaires fédéraux des exemples pratiques et réels de la manière dont les principales pratiques de GM sont élaborées et appliquées. Ils sont tirés d'une coupe transversale d'organisations grandes, moyennes et petites, dont les mandats sont larges.  1, fiche 34, Français, - Assembler%20tous%20les%20%C3%A9l%C3%A9ments%20%3A%20initiatives%20principales%20et%20t%C3%A9moignages%20au%20sujet%20de%20la%20fonction%20de%20contr%C3%B4leur%20moderne

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fuel starvation and fuel exhaustion(sometimes referred to as fuel depletion) are problems that can affect internal combustion engines fuelled by either diesel, kerosene, petroleum or any other combustible liquid or gas. If no fuel is available for an engine to burn, it cannot function. All modes of transport powered by such engines can be affected by this problem, but the consequences are most significant when it occurs to aircraft in flight. There are two main ways that an engine can run out of fuel :-Using up fuel. This is the most common cause of fuel exhaustion. An engine can use up all available fuel due to insufficient fuel being loaded for the planned journey or the journey time extended for too long(in the case of an aircraft, due to in-flight delays or problems)... ;-Leaking. In some cases, the fuel tank or the supply piping to the engine leaks and fuel is lost. This can cause engines to starve.  1, fiche 35, Anglais, - fuel%20exhaustion

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lundi 22 août, on parle d'une panne de carburant. On n'aurait pas trouvé de kérosène sur les lieux du crash.  1, fiche 35, Français, - panne%20de%20carburant

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Blending of ethanol into gasoline or biodiesel into petroleum diesel at terminals, without active mixing.  2, fiche 36, Anglais, - splash%20blending

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Currently, fuel additives are typically added to the fuel at large fuel terminals to bulk storage tanks, tank trucks, rail cars or other storage receptacles. The fuel is added by a process known as "splash blending" which means the additives are added as the fuel is being loaded into the receptacle. The process relies on the splashing of the liquids to effect mixing.... Splash blending can also be used to mix the additive with the fuel at on-site tanks. In this case the additive is added to, for example, a bulk fuel tank or bunker tank located at the site of end-use. The splashing of the liquids mixes the additives as the tank is being filled from a fuel distribution vehicle or pipeline. Fuel distribution vehicles can include trucks, rail cars, barges or the like.  3, fiche 36, Anglais, - splash%20blending

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Ethanol cannot be moved effectively through today’s pipeline system, as it tends to get pulled into the water that usually exists in petroleum pipelines and tanks. Instead, it is blended at terminals near the end users. Splash blending, in which ethanol is added directly to a tanker truck along with the base gasoline, is commonly used.  4, fiche 36, Anglais, - splash%20blending

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"splash blending" generally refers to a blending process done by pouring products together, for example, manually pouring an additive into a shipping compartment. This may occur at the loading rack when a vehicle (barge or truck) is being loaded, or enroute. Typically, analysis is only done for the splash blending of lubricants.  5, fiche 36, Anglais, - splash%20blending

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[This operation] is a physical, rather than chemical process and occurs at the terminal rather than at the refinery.  6, fiche 36, Anglais, - splash%20blending

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le mélange par barbotage est une opération où le biodiésel et le diésel sont versés séparément dans un réservoir et pendant laquelle les deux carburants se mélangent relativement peu. Le réceptacle est généralement le réservoir à carburant d'un véhicule ou la citerne d'un camion. [...] Dans le cas du barbotage de l'essence et de l'éthanol, ce dernier étant plus léger est versé après l'essence.  5, fiche 36, Français, - m%C3%A9lange%20par%20barbotage

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Dans la méthode de mélange direct des deux constituants, appelée «splash blending», on pourrait, après une période d'acquisition d'expérience et de confiance dans la reproductibilité des mesures, établir par calcul les propriétés de l'essence.  6, fiche 36, Français, - m%C3%A9lange%20par%20barbotage

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Les quantités d'éthanol introduites dans les essences américaines le sont à plus de 90 % dans la zone correspondant au Midwest [...] L'incorporation en splash blending (mélange en dépôt) d'éthanol à l'essence a pour conséquence l'accroissement de la volatilité du carburant ce qui se traduit par une hausse des émissions de composés volatils au niveau du véhicule [...]  7, fiche 36, Français, - m%C3%A9lange%20par%20barbotage

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les USA [États-unis d'Amérique] et la Suède, enfin, préconisent un mélange à hauteur de 5-10 % d'éthanol, sans modification de moteur. Afin d'éviter les problèmes de démixtion, le mélange est souvent effectué le plus en aval possible, c'est à dire à la pompe à essence même («splash blending»). Les brésiliens, au contraire, préparent le mélange directement au dépôt. Cette technique sera bientôt également utilisée en Suède. [...] À noter par ailleurs que la grande majorité des unités à mettre en service prochainement en Espagne et en France recourront au mélange direct.  4, fiche 36, Français, - m%C3%A9lange%20par%20barbotage

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At-Bats (AB). A batter is charged with an at-bat when he makes an out (unless credited with a sacrifice bunt or sacrifice fly), or reaches base on a base hit, on a fielding error or on a fielder’s choice.  2, fiche 37, Anglais, - at%20bat

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A batter has an at bat every time he faces a pitcher, except in the following circumstances : He receives a base on balls(BB). He is hit by a pitch(HBP). He hits a sacrifice fly or a sacrifice hit(also known as sacrifice bunt). He is awarded first base due to interference or obstruction, usually by the catcher. The inning ends while he is still at bat(due to the third out being made by a runner caught stealing, for example). In this case, the batter will come to bat again in the next inning, though he now has no balls or strikes on him. He is replaced by another hitter before his at bat is completed(unless he is replaced with two strikes and his replacement strikes out).  1, fiche 37, Anglais, - at%20bat

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... "At bat," "up," "up at bat," and "at the plate" are all [expressions] describing a batter who is facing the pitcher. Note that just because a player is described as being "at bat" in this sense, he will not necessarily be given an at bat in his statistics; the phrase actually signifies a plate appearance (assuming it is eventually completed). This ambiguous terminology is usually clarified by context. To refer explicitly to the technical meaning of "at bat" described above, the term "official at bat" is sometimes used.  1, fiche 37, Anglais, - at%20bat

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 OBS

In baseball, an at bat (AB) is used to calculate certain statistics, including batting average.  1, fiche 37, Anglais, - at%20bat

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le total des présences au bâton inclura les présences officielles au bâton, les buts sur balles, les touchers par un lancer, les coups retenus et les ballons sacrifices ainsi que le nombre de fois que le premier but a été accordé par suite d'une interférence ou d'une obstruction.  3, fiche 37, Français, - pr%C3%A9sence%20officielle%20au%20b%C3%A2ton

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Présence officielle au bâton. Pour qu'un frappeur soit crédité d'une présence officielle, une des situations ne doit pas survenir: but sur balles, atteint d'un tir, sacrifice (par un amorti ou un ballon), obstruction (du receveur, habituellement), la manche prend fin pendant la présence (un coureur est retiré), le frappeur est remplacé par un autre frappeur (si le compte montre deux prises et que le substitut est retiré sur 3 prises, le premier frappeur hérite du retrait). On calcule donc le nombre de présences totales ainsi: (présences officielles + buts sur balles + atteint d'un tir + obstruction défensive + coups sacrifices + ballons sacrifices).  4, fiche 37, Français, - pr%C3%A9sence%20officielle%20au%20b%C3%A2ton

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Lee Delfino (Mississauga, Ont.) a été le leader du Canada même s'il n'a pas eu de présence officielle au bâton. Le joueur de troisième but a compté trois points derrière quatre buts sur balles et un lancer qui l'a atteint. Il a aussi volé un but. Morrison a aussi compté trois points.  5, fiche 37, Français, - pr%C3%A9sence%20officielle%20au%20b%C3%A2ton

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Para calcular el promedio de un jugador de béisbol] se divide el número de hits entre turnos oficiales (bases por bola, toque de sacrificio, pelotazos y fly de sacrificios no cuentan como turnos oficiales para fines de [promedio]).  2, fiche 37, Espagnol, - turno%20oficial

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An environment whose sound picture heard by a listener does not correspond to the physical world.  3, fiche 38, Anglais, - virtual%20sound%20environment

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This can be the case of a sound picture that is perceived through headphones by listeners as being in the center while it is actually provided by side speakers.  3, fiche 38, Anglais, - virtual%20sound%20environment

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Environnement caractérisé par une image sonore qui s'écarte de la réalité physique.  3, fiche 38, Français, - espace%20sonore%20virtuel

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La sensation d'une image sonore centrale vécue par un auditeur portant un casque d'écoute est une forme d'espace sonore virtuel puisque en réalité la source de celle-ci provient des haut-parleurs latéraux.  3, fiche 38, Français, - espace%20sonore%20virtuel

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Prevention of the escape of gas developed by the propellant charge and primer.  2, fiche 39, Anglais, - obturation

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Obturation is an important factor in three specific areas and is obtained by : a. The expansion and sealing of the cartridge case to the chamber wall. b. The prevention of leakage between the primer and the primer pocket wall. c. The prevention of gas escape between the projectile and the bore throughout the entire bore travel; this being accomplished by "bullet set-up", or "wad set-up" in the case of a shotgun.  2, fiche 39, Anglais, - obturation

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 OBS

In caseless ammunition weapons, obturation of the chamber is a function of the breech face.  2, fiche 39, Anglais, - obturation

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fait d'empêcher l'échappement des gaz produits par la charge propulsive et l'amorce.  2, fiche 39, Français, - obturation

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'obturation est un facteur important à trois endroits particuliers et est réalisée par : a. Le gonflement et l'étanchement de la douille contre la paroi de la chambre. b. La prévention de fuites entre l'amorce et la paroi de la cuvette d'amorçage. c. La prévention de fuites de gaz entre le projectile et l'âme, d'un bout à l'autre de la rayure par la «dilatation de la balle» ou la «dilatation de la bourre» dans le cas d'un fusil de chasse.  2, fiche 39, Français, - obturation

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Dans les armes à feu à munitions sans douille, l'obturation de la chambre est une fonction de la tranche de la culasse.  2, fiche 39, Français, - obturation

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Le terme sert aussi pour spécifier le moyen de fermeture de la chambre, e.g. obturation par culasse non calée, obturation par culasse à verrou rotatif.  2, fiche 39, Français, - obturation

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 4 OBS

obturation : terme et définition uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de terminologie des armes légères et par le Comité de terminologie française du Conseil de doctrine et de tactique de l'Armée de terre.  3, fiche 39, Français, - obturation

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The fact that the word "status" does not restrict the statute in the manner proposed by the appellants is clear from the way the term has been qualified in the case law, and in the submissions of the parties. The very issue in this appeal has been characterized as whether s. 5(1) of the Code includes complaints based on "relative status" as opposed to "absolute status". The essence of the appellants’ argument is that the ordinary meaning of the word "status" refers to an absolute condition; the inclusion of relative status within the scope of the definition would require the addition of a qualification. We cannot agree. The word "status" is equally capable of encompassing both the absolute definition and the relative definition. Moreover, the terms "marital status" and "family status" are in themselves relative. That is, they require the existence or absence of a relationship with another person. To restrict its meaning to the absolute would ignore the very condition that brings the status into being in the first place.  1, fiche 40, Anglais, - relative%20status

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le fait que le mot « état » ne limite pas la portée de la loi comme le prétendent les appelants ressort de la manière dont ce terme est qualifié dans la jurisprudence et dans les observations des parties. La question même que pose le présent pourvoi a été formulée de la manière suivante : Le paragraphe 5(1) du Code s'applique-t-il à la discrimination fondée sur « l'état au sens relatif » par opposition à « l'état au sens absolu »? Essentiellement, les appelants affirment que, considéré dans son sens ordinaire, le mot « état » s'entend d'une situation absolue; l'inclusion de la notion d'état au sens relatif dans le champ d'application de la définition exigerait l'ajout d'une réserve. Nous ne pouvons retenir cet argument. Le mot « état » peut recevoir à la fois la définition absolue et la définition relative. Qui plus est, les termes « état matrimonial » et « état familial » sont en eux-mêmes relatifs, c'est-à-dire qu'ils requièrent l'existence ou l'absence d'un lien avec une autre personne. Limiter le mot « état » à son sens absolu serait faire abstraction de la situation même qui donne naissance à l'état concerné.  1, fiche 40, Français, - %C3%A9tat%20au%20sens%20relatif

Fiche 40,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Business Case for Active Living at Work is the third major initiative undertaken by Health Canada to improve the physical activity levels of Canadians since 1998. The first two initiatives were the launch in 1998 of Canada's Physical Activity Guide to Healthy, Active Living followed by Canada's Physical Activity Guide for Older Adults in 1999. The Business Case for Active Living at Work has been developed in partnership with the Canadian Council for Health and Active Living at Work(CCHALW). This Business Case for Active Living at Work suggests the benefits of being active in the workplace, summarizes the research that has been done, provides some information about what works and how to get started, and provides a template for practitioners to use in developing a business case for active living in their own organizations.  1, fiche 41, Anglais, - The%20Business%20Case%20for%20Active%20Living%20at%20Work

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La vie active au travail: une bonne affaire est une initiative de Santé Canada pour améliorer les niveaux d'activité physique de la population active canadienne. Cette initiative a été élaborée conjointement avec le Conseil canadien pour la santé et la vie active au travail (CCSVAT). La vie active au travail: une bonne affaire a été précédé du Guide d'activité physique canadien pour une vie active saine, lancé en 1998 et Guide d'activité physique pour les ainés en 1999. La vie active au travail : une bonne affaire présente les avantages d'une vie active en milieu de travail, résume la recherche effectuée sur le sujet, fournit certains renseignements sur les éléments qui fonctionnent bien et sur la façon de commencer et donne aux praticiens un modèle pour les aider à élaborer un plan de vie active au travail dans leur propre organisation.  1, fiche 41, Français, - La%20vie%20active%20au%20travail%3A%20une%20bonne%20affaire

Fiche 41,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

supercooled cloud. A cloud composed of supercooled liquid water drops.  3, fiche 42, Anglais, - supercooled

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Supercooling. Cooling of liquid water to a temperature below its normal freezing point without causing it to freeze.  4, fiche 42, Anglais, - supercooled

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 2 OBS

As adverbial prefix, under-denote an inferior quality or insufficient degree of activity, in this case the fact of being cooled. The use of "undercooled" is confusing.  5, fiche 42, Anglais, - supercooled

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

nuage d'eau surfondue. Nuage composé de gouttes d'eau liquide dont la température est inférieure au point de congélation.  1, fiche 42, Français, - surfondu

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Surfusion. Refroidissement de l'eau liquide à une température inférieure à son point de congélation normal sans provoquer sa congélation.  1, fiche 42, Français, - surfondu

Fiche 42,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(...) presentation of statistical data. In general, there are three ways to present organized data : 1. word statement, 2. statistical table, and 3. statistical chart.(...) when a large group of data is being presented, word statement presentation becomes inefficient and burdensome. In this case, statistical tables and charts are preferred.  1, fiche 43, Anglais, - statistical%20chart

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Charts, in contradistinction to graphs, may be used to show relationships which have nothing to do with variables, i.e., with sequences or chain of events.  4, fiche 43, Anglais, - statistical%20chart

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The term graph is the elliptical form of graphic presentation and graphic representation. Graph has a generic meaning which encompasses all graphical representations and a specific meaning limited to the line graph.  5, fiche 43, Anglais, - statistical%20chart

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 3 OBS

In practice, most authors tend to treat the terms graph and chart as perfect synonyms. In defining these same terms, however, they sense a difference but there is no consensus as to what the distinction is. As compared to the above OBS concerning the term graph, chart seems to refer more specifically to graphical representations made up of figures or symbols such as bars or columns. The following context clearly illustrates the problem: "All illustrations of line graphs and statistical charts (...) are taken substantially unchanged from various publications."  5, fiche 43, Anglais, - statistical%20chart

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Représentation d'observations statistiques par des grandeurs géométriques ou des figures en vue d'obtenir des données numériques une image permettant d'en saisir rapidement l'ensemble des éléments fondamentaux : caractéristiques d'une distribution, liaison entre deux variables, comparaison des variations, relation entre des observations et leurs origines géographiques, etc.  1, fiche 43, Français, - graphique%20statistique

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

«diagramme» : [Le terme] diagramme est [...] employé tantôt dans le sens général de graphique, tantôt dans celui plus particulier de courbe.  5, fiche 43, Français, - graphique%20statistique

Fiche 43,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Representación gráfica sobre un plano de la relación funcional entre dos o más cantidades variables.  1, fiche 43, Espagnol, - diagrama

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En estadística hay diversos tipos de diagrama, que representan los datos estadísticos (por ejemplo, los histogramas y los estereogramas).  1, fiche 43, Espagnol, - diagrama

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 2 OBS

diagrama: término, definición y observación extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  3, fiche 43, Espagnol, - diagrama

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Result No. 2--Edge Splits Disappear. In this case, the as-received metal is capable of being formed into the stamping.  2, fiche 44, Anglais, - as%20received%20metal

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 44,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Is the HSB a special case? Is it possible to generalise the analysis of the HSB movement and to extend it to other organisations, or is this housing co-operative federation a very special case? It is the contention of this paper that the results are of general interest and with relevance for a wide range of organisations, especially those within the non-profit and voluntary sectors. Of course, it is not possible to, within the limits of this paper, to prove this. However, some indications in favour of this position will be put forward. This circumstantial evidence concern three other Swedish organisations-one a formally non-profit building company, one fund which collects money in order to support research for a cure against cancer, the third being the Union for asthmatics and allergics.  1, fiche 45, Anglais, - non%2Dprofit%20building%20company

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] il faut inventer d'autres formules. Or, si l'ensemble de la population a besoin de logement, une parite a besoin de construire des logements : les membres des corporations du bâtiment. Que l'activité du bâtiment se ralentisse ou s'arrête, et ces hommes perdent leur gagne-pain. On a alors vu se développer, particulièrement en Scandinavie des formules nouvelles que l'on groupe sous le nom de «sociétés de construction sans profit». [...] L'une des plus importantes sociétés de construction sans profit est la suédoise «H.S.B.» («Société d'Épargne et de construction des Locataires»).  1, fiche 45, Français, - soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20de%20construction%20sans%20profit

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Sociétés de construction. Sociétés ayant pour objet la construction d'immeubles d'habitation ou d'immeubles à usage d'habitation et professionnel, ou de maisons individuelles groupées.  2, fiche 45, Français, - soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20de%20construction%20sans%20profit

Fiche 45,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Imputed social contributions are recorded when employers provide social benefits, e. g. pensions, to their employees or former employees out of their own resources without engaging any insurance company. In this case a social contribution has to be imputed, in practice often as being equal to what is actually paid during the accounting period. This imputed contribution is recorded in a way similar to actual contributions, but the households are recorded as paying back the contribution to the employers.  1, fiche 46, Anglais, - imputed%20social%20contribution

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

contribution sociale imputée : Source(s) : Traduction de l'ONU [Organisation des Nations Unies]; Traduction recommandée par l'INSEE [Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques].  1, fiche 46, Français, - contribution%20sociale%20imput%C3%A9e

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 2 OBS

contribution sociale imputée : Source(s): Lexique du système de comptabilité nationale, établi à partir de la terminologie utilisée par l'ONU et de celle recommandée par l'INSEE.  1, fiche 46, Français, - contribution%20sociale%20imput%C3%A9e

Fiche 46,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An emission index (EI) specifies the number of grams of pollutant emitted per kilogram of fuel burned.  2, fiche 47, Anglais, - emission%20index

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Research is aimed at a NOx Emission Index of 5, resulting in less than 1% annual ozone depletion. ... From a technical standpoint, these critical emission levels depend on the engines’ injection and combustion system performance, i.e. the quality of the air/fuel mixture, its distribution in the combustor primary zone and the corresponding temperatures. The reduction of NOx emissions remains of primary concern, having the largest Emission Index (grams of emission produced per kilogram of fuel consumed) among the substances responsible for the ozone layer depletion.  4, fiche 47, Anglais, - emission%20index

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The average emission rate of the smelters was 4. 1 in 1998 [that is, the result of the following division : 9. 9 million tonnes CO₂ Eq divided by 2. 4 m tonnes of shipments equals 4. 1]. [In this case, the proper expression is "emission index" and not "rate", the term "index" being the numerical expression of a rate(or proportion). ]  3, fiche 47, Anglais, - emission%20index

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans l'exercice mené avec le modèle POLES, l'introduction d'une taxe-carbone fictive permet de calculer l'évolution résultante des émissions, par rapport au cas de référence présenté plus haut. Ceci est illustré, au niveau mondial, par le Graphique 1 : à partir d'un indice d'émission 145 en 2010, le niveau d'émission décroît avec l'introduction d'une taxe fictive de 25 $/tC, puis 50 ... jusqu'à 350 $/tC.  1, fiche 47, Français, - indice%20d%27%C3%A9mission

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «indice» désigne une indication numérique qui sert à exprimer un rapport. Ne pas confondre avec «taux d'émission» ni avec «débit d'émission». Le terme «taux» désigne une proportion dans laquelle intervient un élément, un facteur variable, une quantité de quelque chose par rapport à une quantité d'autre chose (par exemple, on parle d'un taux d'émission de CO₂ de x nombre de grammes par kilomètre pour une voiture). Le terme «débit» se rapporte à la quantité d'un polluant émis dans l'atmosphère par unité de temps. Enfin, voir aussi «facteur d'émission».  2, fiche 47, Français, - indice%20d%27%C3%A9mission

Fiche 47,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 48,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A test strip was produced by adsorbing the enzyme reagent, glucose oxidase, peroxidase and a chromogen, on to a paper(cellulose) pad. The pad containing the dried reagents is cemented to the end of a plastic strip and responds with a colour change when wetted with a solution containing glucose such as urine or blood. The development of test strips for the determination of glucose in whole blood and serum has made blood assay almost as simple as the detection of urine glucose. In this case the reagent pad is treated with ethyl cellulose which forms a membrane through which small molecules can readily diffuse, but the presence of the coating prevents cells from being adsorbed on the cellulose fibres and allows them to be washed away.  2, fiche 48, Anglais, - test%20strip

Fiche 48,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bâtonnet enduit d'enzymes et de substrats qui change de couleur en réponse à une substance contenue dans le sang et les urines.  1, fiche 48, Français, - b%C3%A2tonnet%20diagnostique

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les bâtonnets urinaires permettent de déterminer la présence de glucose et de corps cétoniques chez les diabétiques.  1, fiche 48, Français, - b%C3%A2tonnet%20diagnostique

Fiche 48,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 49,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mutual interdependence may be complete so far as reactions to changes by one firm in the industry are concerned, but not with respect to changes by other firms. This is the case of price leadership, in which one firm is accepted as the price leader. All initial price changes are made by this firm, the changes being followed by the other firms, which make no independent price changes of their own.  2, fiche 49, Anglais, - price%20leadership

Fiche 49,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 49,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 50,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dispossession : deprival of the right to possess a thing, including the right to occupy land and buildings, and meaning in its widest sense deprival of the right to own it. The French and Spanish terms, as well as dispossession and eviction, apply theorically to all forms of property, but all of them are used in particular of land and buildings; this is especially true of eviction, to which dispossession should therefore be preferred unless the context clearly indicates that the eviction concerns land and buildings, e. g. in the case of squatters being evicted from housing by court order. The dispossession referred by the French and Spanish terms is that suffered by a purchaser or a lessee or hirer of property as a result of a claim by a party extraneous to the sale or the lease or hire and includes threat at dispossession and harassment.  1, fiche 50, Anglais, - dispossession%20action

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Reproduced from Law Terminology with the permission of the United Nations Office at Geneva.  2, fiche 50, Anglais, - dispossession%20action

Fiche 50,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 50,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Reproducido de Law Terminology con la autorización de la Oficina de Naciones Unidas en Ginebra.  2, fiche 50, Espagnol, - acci%C3%B3n%20de%20evicci%C3%B3n

Fiche 51,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This is of course the case if p is the expectation of a Gaussian variable, but Poincaré gives a more general solution, now called Gibbs distribution. This fact was rediscovered independently by Szilard in 1925. Then, around 1935, Koopman, Pitman, and Darmois asked the same question concerning the most general estimation procedure, without being restricted to maximum likelihood. This property of the Gibbs distribution, called sufficiency by statisticians, plays a central role in the Szilard-Mandelbrot axiomatic presentation of statistical thermodynamics....  1, fiche 51, Anglais, - Gibbs%20distribution

Fiche 51,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 51,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 52,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Readying the electrotype shell. The metal layer deposited on the mould is called a shell and is 2/10 to 4/10 of a mm in thickness(8/1000 to 16/1000 of an inch)... The thickness is in function of the amount of time given to the process of electrolysis. Once the desired thickness is achieved the shell must be detached from the mould. This is not always an easy matter. If the mould is made of wax it can be removed with boiling water... Plastic moulds are removed by pulling them off, and lead moulds must be cut away along the edges. Shells are fragile and as they are not rigid they are sometimes damaged when being removed from the mould. In any case, shells must be backed to make them hard enough to print with. Backing is usually done by pouring a molten alloy made of lead(97%) and antimony(3%) onto the back of the shell.  2, fiche 52, Anglais, - electrotype%20shell

Fiche 52,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Galvanotypie : Procédé qui permet de reproduire des compositions ou des formes type à partir d'un moulage; ce moulage est plongé dans un bain de sulfate de cuivre traversé par un courant électrique et se trouve recouvert d'une coquille de cuivre qui est la réplique de l'original. La coquille est ensuite renforcée d'un alliage de plomb et devient le galvano.  2, fiche 52, Français, - coquille%20galvanoplastique

Fiche 52,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 53,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Navalized versions of landbased short range air defence missiles are being increasingly eyed at to counter this threat, particularly in the case of multiple attacks of supersonic, agile weapons.  1, fiche 53, Anglais, - multiple%20attack

Fiche 53,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Contre cette menace, on songe de plus en plus sérieusement à utiliser des missiles sol-air à courte portée navalisés, surtout en cas d'attaque multiple par des engins agiles supersoniques.  1, fiche 53, Français, - attaque%20multiple