TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the difference between what the public thinks auditors do and what auditors actually do.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - knowledge%20gap

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This recognises that the public can sometimes misunderstand audit : for example, a belief that auditors are responsible for preventing corporate failure.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - knowledge%20gap

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] différence entre ce que le public pense que les auditeurs font et ce qu'ils font réellement.  2, fiche 1, Français, - %C3%A9cart%20de%20connaissances

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] le public peut parfois se méprendre sur l'audit, par exemple en croyant que les auditeurs ont pour responsabilité de prévenir la faillite d'une entreprise.  2, fiche 1, Français, - %C3%A9cart%20de%20connaissances

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Belief operators play an important role in epistemic analyses of games. For any event, a belief operator determines the set of states where this event is(in some precise sense) believed.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - belief%20operator

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la logique doxastique [...] interprète l'opérateur modal comme un opérateur de croyance [...] offrant un formalisme pour représenter [...] les croyances [et raisonner à leur sujet].  1, fiche 2, Français, - op%C3%A9rateur%20de%20croyance

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The current belief is that health care staff should join a person [with dementia] in their reality in order to reduce distress and prevent feelings of anxiety or insecurity. If this is to happen, it is understandable that a certain amount of ’bending the truth’ is going to happen, often called a therapeutic lie; a lie with a positive outcome.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - therapeutic%20lie

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La compétence de l'infirmière et de l'aide-soignante est de savoir quand utiliser un mensonge thérapeutique et de savoir pourquoi il est nécessaire de le faire. [Cela dit,] la meilleure chose à faire est de distraire le patient afin que l'infirmière et l'aide-soignante ne [soient] pas entraînées dans la question éthique de mentir.  1, fiche 3, Français, - mensonge%20th%C3%A9rapeutique

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Founded in 1955, the Society for Ethnomusicology is a global, interdisciplinary network of individuals and institutions engaged in the study of music in all historical periods and cultural contexts.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - Society%20for%20Ethnomusicology

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

SEM is a U. S.-based organization with an international membership of approximately 1, 750 individuals dedicated to the study of all forms of music from diverse humanistic and social scientific perspectives. [The Society examines] music as central to human experience throughout space and time, and explore its profound relationship to cognition, emotion, language, dance, visual arts, spiritual belief, social organization, collective identity, politics, conflict and peace, economics, the physical body, and mental health. Through SEM programs and the work of individual members, [this society seeks] to advance academic and public understanding and appreciation of music as a cultural phenomenon of unlimited variety and as a resource that is fundamental to the wellbeing of individuals and communities.  4, fiche 4, Anglais, - Society%20for%20Ethnomusicology

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Given this new orientation and the belief of the Government of Québec that the promotion of the French language throughout Canada and the continent is an essential element in Québec' s political, economic, social and cultural prosperity, a new policy was required. Both rooted in history and turned towards the future, the new Québec Policy on the Canadian Francophonie is thus, on the one hand, an indication that Québec intends to play a determining role within the Canadian Francophonie, and, on the other hand, a recognition of the fact that the Francophone and Acadian communities, primarily, as well as Francophone immigrants and Francophiles, are extremely important interlocutors and actors for the protection and promotion of the French fact in North America.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - Qu%C3%A9bec%20Policy%20on%20the%20Canadian%20Francophonie

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le Secrétariat aux affaires intergouvernementales canadiennes est responsable de la mise en œuvre de la Politique du Québec en matière de francophonie canadienne. Au-delà des actions concrètes qu'elle déploie, cette politique promeut l'idée voulant que la pérennité du fait français au Canada passe par une coopération plus étroite des Québécois et des communautés francophones et acadiennes.  1, fiche 5, Français, - Politique%20du%20Qu%C3%A9bec%20en%20mati%C3%A8re%20de%20francophonie%20canadienne

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the agent will still be liable even without proof of fraud, for breach of the implied warranty of authority and this liability exists whether the "agent" is acting negligently, or in good faith and under the honest, but mistaken belief that he is contracting with the authority of another person, not on his own behalf as principal.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - implied%20warranty%20of%20authority

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sensorimotor psychotherapy is a body-centred psychotherapy that makes it possible for clients to discover the habitual and automatic attitudes, both physical and psychological, by which they generate patterns of experience. This gentle therapy teaches clients to follow the inherently intelligent processes of body and mind to promote healing. It is particularly helpful in working with the effects of trauma and abuse, emotional pain, and limiting belief systems.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - sensorimotor%20psychotherapy

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La psychothérapie sensorimotrice est un type de psychothérapie corporelle qui aide les survivants à composer avec des réactions physiques perturbatrices. Elle peut vous aider à gérer les sensations physiques et à les dissocier des émotions provoquées par un traumatisme. La psychothérapie sensorimotrice se sert du corps (plutôt que des pensées ou des sentiments) comme véhicule pour surmonter un traumatisme et contribue au mieux-être émotionnel et mental de la personne.  2, fiche 7, Français, - psychoth%C3%A9rapie%20sensorimotrice

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the agent will still be liable even without proof of fraud, for breach of the implied warranty of authority and this liability exists whether the "agent" is acting negligently, or in good faith and under the honest, but mistaken belief that he is contracting with the authority of another person, not on his own behalf as principal.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - warranty%20of%20authority

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Complacency occurs when there is a widely held belief that all possible hazards are controlled and the organization has forgotten to be afraid resulting in reduced attention to risk. The organization views itself as being uniquely better(safer) than others and as a result, does not need to conform to industry standards or best practices. This can be the result of an overreliance on occupational injury data that leads them to erroneously believe that they are not at risk for a major accident.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - complacency

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette menace apparaît quand on croit généralement que tous les risques possibles sont contrôlés et quand l'organisation perd ses craintes de vue, ce qui fait que l'on se préoccupe moins du danger. L'organisation s'estime nettement meilleure (et plus sûre) que les autres et, par conséquent, elle ne voit pas la nécessité de suivre les normes ou les pratiques exemplaires de l'industrie. Cela peut se produire lorsque l'on se fie trop aux statistiques sur les accidents de travail et que l'on en tire à tort l'impression qu'on est à l'abri de tout incident grave.  1, fiche 9, Français, - laisser%2Daller

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Proof of certain facts and circumstances in a given case, from which (trier of fact) may infer other connected facts which usually and reasonably follow according to the common experience of mankind. (Black’s, p. 221)  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - circumstantial%20evidence

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

circumstantial evidence : The characterization of evidence as "direct" or "circumstantial" points to the kind of inference which is sought to be drawn from the evidence to the truth of the proposition for which it is offered.(If) the inference sought is merely from the fact that the witness made the statement, and the assumption that witnesses are worthy of belief, to the truth of the asserted fact,(t) his is direct evidence. When, however, the evidence is offered also for some further proposition based upon some inference to the truth of the fact asserted, then the evidence is circumstantial evidence of this further fact-to-be-inferred.(McCormick, p. 435)  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - circumstantial%20evidence

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

preuve circonstancielle; preuve indirecte : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, fiche 10, Français, - preuve%20circonstancielle

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Rubanisation is a re-conceptualisation of human settlements in which the city and the countryside are considered as one space, not two as it is now-city and countryside are regarded as separate realms. Rubanisation stems from the belief that the continued consideration of the rural and the urban as two distinct realms is unsustainable in terms of social justice, cultural justice and environmental justice. This mode of thinking calls for a new spatial geometry of integrated development that offers real viable choices for living, one that is supported by environmentally sustainable technology and ethical lifestyle.  3, fiche 11, Anglais, - rubanization

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... Professor Tay [Kheng Soon] introduced his concept of "rubanization" (derived from rural-urbanization) and "Ruban Clusters," which consist in their basic form of an urban core that is just one kilometer in diameter (to promote pedestrianization over auto-based transportation) with two main arterial roads running through the urban center at 90 degrees for long-distance transport to and fro the cluster.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - rubanization

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Concept développé par l'architecte Tay Kheng Soon qui vise à intégrer les espaces ruraux et urbains en une seule entité, afin de résoudre le problème de la pauvreté.  1, fiche 11, Français, - rubanisation

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

rubanisation : mot-valise formé à partir des mots «rural» et «urbanisation» et proposé après consultation d'un spécialiste du domaine.  1, fiche 11, Français, - rubanisation

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A state’s intervention in its economy.  2, fiche 12, Anglais, - economic%20interventionism

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Economic interventionism, basically defined, is activity undertaken by a central government to affect the country's economy. Generally, this will be in an attempt to increase economic growth, but it may also be to promote a philosophical belief(such as a belief in equality).  2, fiche 12, Anglais, - economic%20interventionism

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'histoire des organisations professionnelles se confond avec l'interventionnisme économique. Plus l'État est intervenu dans le jeu économique, dépassant sans cesse le champ de ses prérogatives régaliennes, plus les entreprises ont été conduites à se regrouper et à opposer un front commun.  2, fiche 12, Français, - interventionnisme%20%C3%A9conomique

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Actitud del Estado de intervenir en el libre funcionamiento del mercado planificando y corrigiendo ciertas tendencias para dirigir la economía del país según una determinada política.  3, fiche 12, Espagnol, - intervencionismo

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El término es lo suficientemente amplio para incluir tanto la regulación y control de los mercados como la participación directa en la actividad económica. Desde un punto de vista teórico puede afirmarse que en toda sociedad moderna existe algún tipo de intervención estatal en la economía: todos los gobiernos proveen algunos bienes públicos y regulan, mediante leyes y decretos, ciertos aspectos de la actividad económica. Por ello se habla de intervencionismo sólo cuando la acción del Estado supera ciertos límites. Cuando casi toda la actividad económica de una nación es dirigida y llevada a cabo por el Estado, en cambio, no se habla ya de intervención: en este caso se está ante una economía planificada, de tipo socialista [...]  2, fiche 12, Espagnol, - intervencionismo

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An unimpregnated, addled or imperfect egg, especially [one] with a soft noncalcareous shell.  2, fiche 13, Anglais, - wind%2Degg

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

wind :[This term stems] from the former belief that such eggs were the result of conception by the wind.  2, fiche 13, Anglais, - wind%2Degg

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the homogeneous equilibrium model (HEM) one assumes that the velocity, temperature and pressure between the phases or components are equal.  1, fiche 14, Anglais, - homogeneous%20equilibrium%20model

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This assumption is based on the belief that differences in these three potential variables(and chemical potential if chemical reactions are considered) will promote momentum, energy, and mass transfer between the phases rapidly enough so that equilibrium is reached. For example, when one phase is finely dispersed in another phase generating large interfacial area, under certain circumstances this assumption can be made; e. g., bubbly flow of air in water or steam in water at high pressures. The resulting equations resemble those for a pseudo-fluid with mixture properties and an equation of state which links the phases to obtain these mixture thermodynamic properties. Whenever the HEM model is used it is advisable to check the validity of the equilibrium assumptions by using more accurate theoretical models for comparison. For example, rapid acceleration or pressure changes cannot be always accurately modelled with the HEM model; i. e., discharge of flashing vapor-liquid mixtures, or shock wave propagation through a multiphase medium. This is especially true when the pressure change is large when compared to the ambient pressure, or any of the driving potentials are large relative to their reference values.  1, fiche 14, Anglais, - homogeneous%20equilibrium%20model

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les écoulements à direction privilégiée peuvent soit être considérés comme monodimensionnels, soit conduire à des équations simplifiées en ne considérant que les termes prédominants. Le modèle le plus simple revient à homogénéiser les deux phases en considérant un fluide dont les propriétés physiques sont déterminées par le taux de présence des deux phases. En écoulement à direction privilégiée (vertical ascendant), les deux phases étant en équilibre thermodynamique et mécanique, le modèle homogène à l'équilibre (HEM) se révèle satisfaisant et particulièrement utile. À partir de ce modèle, on peut introduire des effets de glissement ou de déséquilibre thermique (apparition de vapeur lorsque le fluide n'est pas encore à saturation).  1, fiche 14, Français, - mod%C3%A8le%20homog%C3%A8ne%20%C3%A0%20l%27%C3%A9quilibre

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Inability to deal with abstract concepts ...  2, fiche 15, Anglais, - concrete%20thinking

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Piaget's theory suggests that children progress from a stage of "concrete thinking"(entered at about age six) to one of "formal thinking"(at about age twelve). It is Papert's belief that this ordering is not in fact universal : his conjecture is that "the computer can concretize(and personalize) the formal.  3, fiche 15, Anglais, - concrete%20thinking

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Piaget distingue la "pensée concrète" de la "pensée formelle". La pensée concrète est déjà bien élaborée quand l'enfant, à six ans, aborde sa première année d'école primaire, et elle se renforce dans les années qui suivent. La pensée formelle, quant à elle, ne se développe réellement que lorsque l'enfant a presque le double de cet âge, soit environ douze ans, à un ou deux ans près [...]  2, fiche 15, Français, - pens%C3%A9e%20concr%C3%A8te

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Thinking characterized by the use of abstractions and generalizations.  2, fiche 16, Anglais, - abstract%20thinking

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Piaget's theory suggests that children progress from a stage of "concrete thinking"(entered at about age six) to one of "formal thinking"(at about age twelve). It is Papert's belief that this ordering is not in fact universal;....  3, fiche 16, Anglais, - abstract%20thinking

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As opposed to "concrete thinking."  4, fiche 16, Anglais, - abstract%20thinking

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Piaget distingue la «pensée concrète» de la «pensée formelle». La pensée concrète est déjà bien élaborée quand l'enfant, à six ans, aborde sa première année d'école primaire, et elle se renforce dans les années qui suivent. La pensée formelle, quant à elle, ne se développe réellement que lorsque l'enfant a presque le double de cet âge, soit environ douze ans, à un ou deux ans près - et certains spécialistes ont même émis l'idée que bien des personnes ne parviennent jamais à une pensée pleinement formelle.  2, fiche 16, Français, - pens%C3%A9e%20abstraite

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This is the mantra chanted by ’dries’ during the prime ministerial reign of Margaret Thatcher, by which they demonstrated their belief that free-market capitalism was the only possible economic theory. It was said so often amongst them that it was shortened to TINA.  2, fiche 17, Anglais, - There%20is%20no%20alternative

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

TINA, initiales de «There is no alternative» («Il n'y a pas de solution de rechange»), propos de Mme Margaret Thatcher posant le caractère inéluctable du capitalisme néolibéral, qui n'est qu'une forme possible de «mondialisation».  4, fiche 17, Français, - There%20is%20no%20alternative

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 OBS

L'acronyme anglais est couramment utilisé dans les médias et la littérature spécialisée. Il est généralement suivi de la traduction du slogan anglais («Il n'y pas de solution de rechange»).  5, fiche 17, Français, - There%20is%20no%20alternative

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Those who share the integral view believe that each interim period is an integral part of the annual accounting period. Under this perspective, deferrals, accruals, and estimates reported in each interim period reflect the accountant's belief of what is likely to transpire relative to the results of operations for the entire year. Essentially, interim-period allocations are components of interim accounting reports prepared by the integral approach.  2, fiche 18, Anglais, - integral%20approach

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode de constatation et de mesure des résultats intermédiaires qui consiste à imputer les coûts à la période intermédiaire en fonction du volume des ventes ou toute autre mesure du niveau d'activité de la période.  1, fiche 18, Français, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20la%20p%C3%A9riode%20int%C3%A9gr%C3%A9e

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Selon la méthode de la période intégrée,] la période intermédiaire constitue une partie intégrante de l'exercice et est donc considérée comme une portion du tout que constitue l'exercice. La constatation des charges est effectuée en tenant compte de l'activité de l'ensemble de l'exercice, par imputation des éléments annuels, et non pas en fonction du moment où les coûts sont engagés.  1, fiche 18, Français, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20la%20p%C3%A9riode%20int%C3%A9gr%C3%A9e

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The yellowish substance found inside a cooked crab.  1, fiche 19, Anglais, - mustard

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Contrary to popular belief, the "mustard" is not fat, rather it's the crab's hepatopancreas, the organ responsible for filtering impurities from the crab's blood. Although many find its flavor distinct and delicious, it is recommended that you do not eat this since many chemical contaminants concentrate in this organ.  1, fiche 19, Anglais, - mustard

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Foie du crabe bleu après cuisson.  1, fiche 19, Français, - moutarde

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Preliminary Winds (Swings): The purpose of the two winds is to accelerate the hammerhead, and to prepare for the first turn.  3, fiche 20, Anglais, - preliminary%20swing

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 CONT

She uses two preliminary swings (as do the majority of female and male hammer throwers). At the high point of the second swing there is an active turn of the upper body towards the hammer, to sweep the implement to the front.  4, fiche 20, Anglais, - preliminary%20swing

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 3 CONT

I found that the preliminary winds that the athlete makes in the back of the throwing circle during the early part of the throw, as well as the single-foot support phases that occur later on during the full turns are very important for the result. This contradicted the widely held belief of coaches that these parts of the throw do not contribute much to the distance of the throw.  5, fiche 20, Anglais, - preliminary%20swing

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Not to be confused with the pendulum swing which precedes these overhead swings.  6, fiche 20, Anglais, - preliminary%20swing

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Terms usually used in the plural.  6, fiche 20, Anglais, - preliminary%20swing

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les moulinets, au nombre de deux [...] sont destinés à lancer le marteau autour du corps sans que ce dernier tourne sur lui-même : l'amplitude et l'équilibre sont essentiels dans cette phase.  4, fiche 20, Français, - moulinet

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Une harmonie indispensable qui se caractérise par trois phases inhérentes au lancer : la préparation avec la prise en main de la poignée du marteau, les moulinets qui impulsent les rotations, stabilisent les appuis et donnent la trajectoire, ainsi que les rotations rythmées par la vitesse de déplacement de l'athlète.  5, fiche 20, Français, - moulinet

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Termes habituellement utilisés au pluriel.  6, fiche 20, Français, - moulinet

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An abnormal, excessive, and persistent fear of pleasure.  2, fiche 21, Anglais, - hedonophobia

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Sufferers with this most puritanical of phobias typically feel guilty about experiencing pleasure even though they usually realize rationally there is nothing at all wrong with taking pleasure. Their guilt usually arises from the fact that they are participating in a pleasurable activity while others around them or in the world at large are experiencing nothing but illness, grief, economic hardship and other painful problems. Their guilt may also arise from the belief that life is best lived ascetically(similar to the idea that, for a medicine to do good, it must taste bad).  2, fiche 21, Anglais, - hedonophobia

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Crainte excessive du plaisir.  2, fiche 21, Français, - h%C3%A9donophobie

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

With so many issues competing for their attention, many academics display an initial reluctance to use technology in their learning and teaching. This is often attributed to lack of time, rather than lack of interest. Popular belief states that e-learning techniques are hugely time consuming and expensive. While we have not argued against this notion per se, we do believe that the approach one takes towards the creation of e-learning resources can have a huge impact upon the ’value for money’ and time considerations often put forward as reasons not to engage with e-learning.  4, fiche 22, Anglais, - e%2Dlearning%20technique

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'éditeur israélien Interwise propose depuis 1994 une plate-forme logicielle baptisée Millenium destinée à l'enseignement électronique multimédia. Plus connu sous le terme anglais d'e-learning, ces techniques d'apprentissage en ligne émergent de façon significative.  2, fiche 22, Français, - technique%20d%27apprentissage%20en%20ligne

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ICCHRLA's mission is to promote human rights and social justice throughout Mexico, Central and South America, in solidarity with both Canadian and Latin American partner churches, human rights groups and grassroots organizations. This mission arises from a profound belief, as Christians, that the Gospel calls us to struggle together with the poor and the oppressed to transform policies, practices and regimes which undermine or destroy human lives.  3, fiche 23, Anglais, - Inter%2DChurch%20Committee%20on%20Human%20Rights%20in%20Latin%20America

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Appellation obtenue de l'organisme.  2, fiche 23, Français, - Comit%C3%A9%20inter%2D%C3%A9glises%20des%20droits%20humains%20en%20Am%C3%A9rique%20latine

Fiche 23,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This term refers to the tendency to cause schizophrenia. Used in combination with the false and outdated belief that mothers of those ill with schizophrenia were to blame for the appearance of this disease in their offspring.  1, fiche 24, Anglais, - schizophrenogenic

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme qui renvoie à tout ce qui tend à provoquer la schizophrénie. Il est associé à la conception fausse et périmée voulant que les mères de personnes souffrant de schizophrénie soient responsables de l'apparition de cette affection chez celles-ci.  2, fiche 24, Français, - schizophr%C3%A9nog%C3%A8ne

Fiche 24,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Exhibition of the Canadian Museum of Civilization. "Contrary to popular belief, men's enthusiasm for fashion has persisted across the centuries. Clothes Make the MAN explores how men's clothing decisions have been shaped by vanity, practicality and, of course, the ever-elusive masculine ideal. This exhibition by the McCord Museum, Montreal takes a penetrating look at the trends and traditions in men's fashion over the past three hundred years. "  1, fiche 25, Anglais, - Clothes%20Make%20the%20MAN

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Exposition du Musée canadien des civilisations. «LUI _ la mode au masculin examine la façon dont les décisions masculines sur le plan vestimentaire ont été façonnées par la vanité, le sens pratique et l'idéal masculin toujours insaisissable. Cette exposition du Musée McCord (Montréal) jette un regard pénétrant sur les traditions vestimentaires masculines ayant eu cours au Canada, depuis les trois derniers siècles».  1, fiche 25, Français, - LUI%20%2D%20la%20mode%20au%20masculin

Fiche 25,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The project at Vreewijk... was always intended as the urban expression of Ebenezer Howard's essentially anti-urban ideology of the garden city and was intended from the first to be an extension of Rotterdam. In the first phase, based on the street plan(1913) by H. P. Berlage, Granpré Molière developed a housing typology based on the relationship between urbanism, architecture and planning. This resulted in the second phase of Vreewijk, the extension plan(1920) by Granpré Molière, Verhagen & Kok commissioned by the Eerste Rotterdamsche Tuindorp NV. A private initiative, it was nevertheless based on the belief that urbanism has not only to do with planning but also with expressing contemporary cultural and artistic ambitions, and that therefore it cannot be the result of a single person's intentions nor those of isolated parts of society, be they the state or private initiatives.  1, fiche 26, Anglais, - extension%20plan

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

À partir de 1918 la municipalité lance un plan d'aménagement et d'embellissement de Nantes. Il est nécessaire de construire des logements qui font de plus en plus défaut mais il faut faire de Nantes une ville agréable avec des avenues larges, propres, coquettes et animées. Ainsi de nouveaux quartiers vont surgir qui contrasteront avec les anciens. De plan d'embellissement on passe au plan d'extension qui concerne un espace de 9240 hectares alors que la zone urbaine en 1920 n'est que de 2800 hectares. Un programme de grands travaux démarre jusqu'en 1941.  2, fiche 26, Français, - plan%20d%27extension

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Suivant cette loi [Loi Cornudet qui constitua la première Charte de l'Urbanisme], toutes les villes de plus de 10,000 habitants [...] sont tenues d'avoir un plan d'aménagement, d'embellissement et d'extension.  3, fiche 26, Français, - plan%20d%27extension

Fiche 26,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

One of the initiatives to celebrate the International Year of the Ocean is the adoption of the Ocean Charter by nations around the world. This document is a declaration of intent, of belief in and commitment to the future of the oceans and to marine and coastal environments.  2, fiche 27, Anglais, - The%20Ocean%20Charter

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'adoption de la Charte des océans par plusieurs pays du monde est au nombre des initiatives visant à souligner l'Année internationale des océans. La Charte constitue une déclaration d'intention et d'engagement envers l'avenir des océans et des milieux marins et côtiers. Elle est un véritable acte de foi.  2, fiche 27, Français, - La%20Charte%20des%20oc%C3%A9ans

Fiche 27,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This belief that intermediate regimes between hard pegs and free floating are unsustainable is known as the bipolar view, or two-corner solution.  1, fiche 28, Anglais, - bipolar%20view

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On donne le nom de bipolarisme, ou solution à deux pôles, à ce point de vue selon lequel les régimes à mi-chemin entre l'arrimage ferme et le flottement libre sont intenables.  1, fiche 28, Français, - bipolarisme

Fiche 28,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La tesis en que un régimen intermedio entre un vínculo cambiario rígido y un régimen de flotación libre no es viable se denomina enfoque bipolar.  1, fiche 28, Espagnol, - enfoque%20bipolar

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The oak is mentioned as a tree sacred to the druids. Veneration of the oak was widespread among the British and Continental Celts but not so much among the Irish.  1, fiche 29, Anglais, - oak

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Early Europeans observed that the oak was the most venerable tree of the forest, the hardiest and most useful. From this period, which probably lasted for a thousand years, there developed the veneration of the oak and the rise of the "wise ones of the oak", which is a central belief in most ancient Indo-European religions.  1, fiche 29, Anglais, - oak

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Arbre sacré chez tous les Celtes.  1, fiche 29, Français, - ch%C3%AAne

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les arbres, symboles de mort et de renaissance, étaient également sacrés; ils constituaient un pont entre terre et ciel. L'arbre le plus sacré était le chêne. Les piliers des monuments romano-celtiques dédiés à Jupiter représentaient souvent des chênes.  1, fiche 29, Français, - ch%C3%AAne

Fiche 29,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Therapeutic touch... is based on the belief that there is an energy field radiating outward almost five centimetres from the body. The flow of energy can be fast, slow, congested, pulsating, pounding, quiet or tangled. An experienced practitioner can feel and access [this] energy and... use rhythmic hand strokes above the skin's surface to smooth the energy field to a rhythm of harmony. Therapeutic touch is being used in delivery rooms, palliative care units and AIDS hospices. The College of Nurses of Ontario has recognized it as a healing strategy. [It is] not a cure and is only used as a complement to traditional medical treatment.... X-rays have shown that the callus tissue that forms around a bone fracture during the healing process is evident in two-and-a-half weeks rather than the usual six when therapeutic touch accompanies traditional treatment.  2, fiche 30, Anglais, - therapeutic%20touch

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 30,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

one that concludes a value with certainty.  1, fiche 31, Anglais, - definitional%20rule

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A definitional rule... is considered to be easier to learn than one that is based on uncertain evidence. If the definitional rule is one that the student has probably seen before..., then this strongly increases the tutor's belief that the student knows this rule.  1, fiche 31, Anglais, - definitional%20rule

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... it soon became clear that a rule is definitional to a student only if he has the necessary background knowledge to support it.  1, fiche 31, Anglais, - definitional%20rule

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

À l'aide de règles de définition qui sont manipulées par le moteur d'inférence.  1, fiche 31, Français, - r%C3%A8gle%20de%20d%C3%A9finition

Fiche 31,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The belief in a period of the rule of Christ on earth. The most literal view understands this time as being 1, 000 years.  3, fiche 32, Anglais, - millennialism

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble de croyances à un règne terrestre eschatologique du Messie et de ses élus, censé devoir durer mille ans (ce chiffre devant être entendu soit littéralement, soit symboliquement).  2, fiche 32, Français, - mill%C3%A9narisme

Fiche 32,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tao is the belief that human beings are part of nature. This means that we experience the constant flow and change of nature.(Acupressure for Common Ailments, 1991, p. 13).  1, fiche 33, Anglais, - Tao

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 CONT

According to the Tao, human beings, the sun and stars, plants and animals are one entity, one fabric. (Acupressure for Everybody, 1991, p. 13).  1, fiche 33, Anglais, - Tao

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le Tao est la voie qui régit l'univers et tout ce qu'il renferme tels que le soleil, la lune, les planètes, la terre, les animaux, les végétaux et l'homme. (L'acupuncture et vous, 1981, p. 37).  1, fiche 33, Français, - Tao

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'Univers, macrocosme contenant des Mondes, contient aussi Ciel/Terre qui fait partie de Yin/Yang issu lui-même de Tao, Unité créatrice suprême. (Acupuncture sans mystère, 1992, p. 34).  1, fiche 33, Français, - Tao

Fiche 33,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A term which describes the fact that groups often take riskier decisions than the individual members of the group would take. This phenomenon... counters the popular belief that groups are more conservative than individuals...  1, fiche 34, Anglais, - risky%20shift

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

d'une décision à une autre.  1, fiche 34, Français, - passage%20risqu%C3%A9

Fiche 34,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The third and last phase of epistemic diagnosis where the updating of the knowledge state takes place as a continuous series of observations from which new diagnostic information is integrated into the existing student model. This includes the recognition of patterns that manifest themselves over time. The updating methods use scalar attributes, such as numerical weights, associated with individual elements of the knowledge state. These weights are updated by some statistical or pseudostatistical computations as knowledge manifests itself in behavior. Some diagnostic updating methods are very similar to what is called in AI "truth maintenance" or "belief revision"(Doyle 1979, de Kecer 1986).  1, fiche 35, Anglais, - longitudinal%20consistency

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Diagnostic updating methods which combine theories of learning and belief revision in a form of "reasoning about learning" still belong to the future (Halpern 1986).  1, fiche 35, Anglais, - longitudinal%20consistency

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 35,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

What, then, about the claims for autonomy in the area of language? Chomsky has for almost thirty years insisted that syntax can be approached as a module, one operating in independence of(though, of course, interacting with) other facets of language. While many researchers have sought to follow Chomsky in this belief, it now appears that the links of syntax to other aspects of language-to lexical semantics(à la Bresnan) and to pragmatics(à la Gazdar) in particular-may be sufficiently integral that the thesis of the autonomy of syntax is in jeopardy.  1, fiche 36, Anglais, - lexical%20semantics

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 36,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The belief that much of our knowledge is universal and inborn, and that, without the need for tutelage, one has access to this knowledge simply by virtue of being human.  1, fiche 37, Anglais, - nativism

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In political science the term "nativism", "nativist movement" has a different meaning.  2, fiche 37, Anglais, - nativism

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Théorie qui s'oppose en génétique [la perception du monde par les sens est acquise], et selon laquelle la perception de l'espace est naturelle [innée].  1, fiche 37, Français, - nativisme

Fiche 37,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Swellings at the graft union are often believed to be a certain indication of incompatibility. There does not seem to be justification for this belief if this is the only symptom that is present...  1, fiche 38, Anglais, - swelling

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Chez les végétaux ligneux greffés sur tige, renflement circulaire pouvant se constituer sur le tronc au niveau de la greffe en cas de différence de vigueur entre le sujet et le greffon.  3, fiche 38, Français, - bourrelet%20de%20greffe

Fiche 38,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

belief in spiritual beings, souls or doubles. According to Tylor, the most primitive form of religion.  1, fiche 39, Anglais, - animism

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Animism was the name that Tylor gave to this belief in vital forces that lack corporate, visible or spatial form, but which may will events to happen.  1, fiche 39, Anglais, - animism

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

(...) croyance en une âme des choses, en un monde des esprits, en une force vitale.  1, fiche 39, Français, - animisme

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

un schéma explicatif du surnaturel. L'intelligence primitive attribuait aux divers constituants du monde, accessibles par leur évidence corporelle, la possession d'une âme immatérielle. Les âmes humaines des défunts gouvernent la vie de leurs descendants, les âmes de végétaux, des minéraux, des animaux, des astres, etc., gouvernent la vie du monde.  1, fiche 39, Français, - animisme

Fiche 39,  Justifications,  Espagnol