TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a computer-based instruction system intended to provide effective, appropriate, and flexible instruction through the application of artificial intelligence techniques and knowledge representations.  15, fiche 1, Anglais, - intelligent%20tutoring%20system

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An intelligent tutor must be able ... to generate instructional material: to present the subject matter, ask questions of the student, give examples, and give explanations to the student. [It] must be able to answer free-form questions from the student. The tutor must be able to evaluate the student’s responses or behavior [and] to diagnose student errors, or "bugs." ... And once the source of the error has been found, the tutor has to figure out the most efficient way to correct the student’s misunderstanding. Finally, intelligent tutors must themselves be able to learn.  4, fiche 1, Anglais, - intelligent%20tutoring%20system

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) find their roots in the Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) movement of the 1950s. ... The major advance of ITS, or Intelligent CAI systems, as they are also called, is the use of techniques of knowledge representation pioneered within the Knowledge Engineering community.  9, fiche 1, Anglais, - intelligent%20tutoring%20system

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The first three letters of "intelligent tutoring system" are often capitalized. The phrases "computer tutor" or "computer-based tutor" are opposed to "human tutor. "  16, fiche 1, Anglais, - intelligent%20tutoring%20system

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système d'enseignement assisté par ordinateur intégrant des techniques d'intelligence artificielle permettant un apprentissage progressif et individualisé.  2, fiche 1, Français, - tuteur%20intelligent

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un système EIAO est capable de prendre en compte les paramètres pédagogiques suivants : niveau de l'apprenant, degré de difficulté souhaité, objectif d'enseignement spécifié.  2, fiche 1, Français, - tuteur%20intelligent

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] un tutoriel intelligent doit être capable d'acquérir des connaissances par lui-même, c'est-à-dire d'apprendre. [...] les connaissances d'un tutoriel intelligent se répartissent en quatre ensembles : le modèle du domaine, le modèle d'enseignement-apprentissage, le modèle de l'élève et l'interface gérant le dialogue entre l'élève et l'ordinateur.  10, fiche 1, Français, - tuteur%20intelligent

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Contrairement aux didacticiels classiques auxquels on peut les comparer, les tutoriels intelligents possèdent des connaissances sur le sujet à enseigner, sur l'élève et sur la pédagogie. Ils adoptent une approche misant sur l'activité de l'étudiant et où le tuteur électronique est avant tout un conseiller.  11, fiche 1, Français, - tuteur%20intelligent

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The domain knowledge necessary to solve problems.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - ideal%20student%20model

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ideal Student Model. The tutor must be able to solve problems in the domain so that it can understand the student's behavior and assist in the problem-solving as required. However, an expert system could not adequately serve as the basis for the tutor. Experts will solve problems using more advanced heuristics, macro-rules, and other techniques not yet in the curriculum for the student. Instead, the tutor must not only be able to solve problems, but must be able to solve them as advanced students would do.... the LISP tutor contains an ideal student model : a simulation of the programming knowledge ideal students use in solving LISP problems.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - ideal%20student%20model

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The "ideal student model", or the domain expert, enables the tutor to solve for itself the problem on which the student is working.  3, fiche 2, Anglais, - ideal%20student%20model

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The ideal model contains both planning and coding production rules. The planning rules design an algorithm to achieve a particular program specification, and the coding productions then write the code to achieve the algorithm.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - ideal%20student%20model

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 4 CONT

The complete set of correct rules for writing code is referred to as the ideal student model and represents the instructional objectives of the text and tutor.  4, fiche 2, Anglais, - ideal%20student%20model

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Représentation du niveau de connaissance qu'un apprenant devrait idéalement atteindre dans le domaine enseigné afin de résoudre des problèmes de façon optimale.  2, fiche 2, Français, - mod%C3%A8le%20de%20l%27%C3%A9l%C3%A8ve%20id%C3%A9al

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La mise en œuvre du modèle de «l'élève idéal». Ce modèle de «l'élève idéal» est appelé à jouer un rôle dans deux contextes différents : Il sert de référence si l'élève pose une question au système sur la résolution proprement dite. [...] Il assure avec le module de diagnostic et le module pédagogue, le suivi du travail de l'élève. Ce module est mis en œuvre par un système expert [...]  1, fiche 2, Français, - mod%C3%A8le%20de%20l%27%C3%A9l%C3%A8ve%20id%C3%A9al

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ce modèle reflète l'attente de l'enseignant et formalise les connaissances et les processus de résolution d'un élève idéal à un niveau donné de sa scolarité.  2, fiche 2, Français, - mod%C3%A8le%20de%20l%27%C3%A9l%C3%A8ve%20id%C3%A9al

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... substantial progress is being made toward the intertwined goals of understanding how human tutors function and building a computer-based system that can give intelligent tutorial aid to a student. Existing computer tutors, such as the FLOW tutor system... are able to perform reasonably, and occasionally brilliantly, in restricted environments.  7, fiche 3, Anglais, - computer%2Dbased%20tutorial%20system

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Computer-based tutorial systems, such as the FLOW tutor, can be evaluated according to their fidelity as a simulation of a human tutor and their function as a tutor.  7, fiche 3, Anglais, - computer%2Dbased%20tutorial%20system

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Computer tutors should know what they teach. ... In addition, it is possible that the tutor could use its own knowledge to generate explanations as appropriate, and could understand a student’s difficulties by some analysis of the knowledge involved.  8, fiche 3, Anglais, - computer%2Dbased%20tutorial%20system

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système informatisé capable de poser un ensemble d'actions personnalisées conduisant un apprenant à atteindre un ou plusieurs objectifs d'enseignement.  2, fiche 3, Français, - tuteur%20informatis%C3%A9

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An information-processing or knowledge-communication system designed for educational purposes. One of the earliest taxonomies of such systems(Hartley and Sleeman 1973) distinguishes four classes : conventional CAI or prestructured systems(called AFO, ad hoc frame-oriented systems by Carbonell in 1970) ;generative systems programmed to generate simple tasks by piecing problems(intermediate between conventional and intelligent systems) ;adaptive systems(such as the INTEGRATION tutor, whose domain expertise can be modified or adapted to student needs and characteristics) ;and self-improving(evolutive, truly intelligent) systems able to improve their teaching strategies and refine their knowledge by evaluating their own performance(e. g. the QUADRATIC tutor) [According to source WAITS 1987]  4, fiche 4, Anglais, - computer%2Dbased%20teaching%20system

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Unlike the visions of how learning will be enhanced by computer-based instructors, whether tutors or microworlds, we have a very different view of the role of Logo.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - computer%2Dbased%20teaching%20system

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Two ... aims may be identified in the application of artificial intelligence to education: first, to improve the quality of computer-based teaching systems, thus giving rise to intelligent tutoring systems; second, to provide suitable computational environments to support learning.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - computer%2Dbased%20teaching%20system

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir EAO, EIAO, tutoriel intelligent.  1, fiche 4, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20d%27enseignement%20automatis%C3%A9

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Information that is stored in a computer system that can be displayed and used in an interactive manner and is designed to explain an application’s functional windows or an element of those windows.  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - online%20help

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An average student takes easily advantage of on-line help and corrections whereas a weaker student may be blocked if the tutor does not help him sufficiently.  4, fiche 5, Anglais, - online%20help

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The ADVISOR is to be capable of supporting three main functions. First, to introduce neophyte users to the system, it must operate as an intelligent tutor... Second, it must provide on-line help in response to user initiated requests. This help must be meaningful in relation to assisting the user achieve the immediate goal.  4, fiche 5, Anglais, - online%20help

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... TEV can provide on-line help to enable users to become more present-oriented and to deal with the immediacy of particular problems.  5, fiche 5, Anglais, - online%20help

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Aide que l'utilisateur peut consulter à l'écran pendant que tourne un programme d'application.  5, fiche 5, Français, - assistance%20en%20ligne

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

AST [Adaptive Statistics Tutor] is based on a knowledge-based architecture for delivering adaptive and adaptable courseware on the WWW. Adaptability in the system allows learners to specify preferences about learning materials, and gives teachers the possibility to adapt a curriculum and specify criteria and pedagogical strategies for the learning process.  3, fiche 6, Anglais, - adaptable%20courseware

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Modifiable courseware, on the other hand, would seem to be highly desirable: it would enable individual instructors to "tweak" commercial programs and adapt them for specific classes or groups of learners.  4, fiche 6, Anglais, - adaptable%20courseware

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Not to be confused with "adaptive courseware."  5, fiche 6, Anglais, - adaptable%20courseware

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Logiciel éducatif dont certaines données (comme les textes de référence ou les listes de mots de vocabulaire, les questions, les cartes, les graphiques, etc.) peuvent être modifiées en fonction du public cible.  4, fiche 6, Français, - didacticiel%20modifiable

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

LECPLUS est un didacticiel ouvert dans lequel l'enseignant peut insérer très facilement ses propres textes et exercices. La maîtrise du système reste aux mains de l'enseignant. Grâce à leur souplesse d'utilisation, ces didacticiels apportent à l'enseignant la possibilité de pratiquer une pédagogie différenciée où chacun peut gérer ses propres paramètres d'apprentissage (vitesse de lecture, lisibilité du texte, efficacité, rythme de travail).  2, fiche 6, Français, - didacticiel%20modifiable

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

AST [Adaptive Statistics Tutor] is based on a knowledge-based architecture for delivering adaptive and adaptable courseware on the WWW.... Adaptivity in AST uses methods like adaptive annotation, adaptive testing, and incremental linking. Learners can start working on the curriculum wherever they want. The system checks whether a learner lacks any prerequisite knowledge to work on a selected section, and presents tests for lacking prerequisites. If a learner is not able to solve the given tasks, AST recommends to work on the prerequisites first.  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - adaptive%20courseware

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Not to be confused with "adaptable courseware."  4, fiche 7, Anglais, - adaptive%20courseware

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On dira qu'un didacticiel est souple s'il s'adapte à de nombreuses réponses des apprenants en offrant des chemins adaptés, s'il propose des choix réels [...]  1, fiche 7, Français, - didacticiel%20souple

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Although they comprise a subset of the functions of knowledge communications systems, knowledge presentation systems implement a radically different pedagogical approach. By simply making knowledge available rather than actively communicating it, they leave most of the responsibility of managing the learning process to the student, who acts as his own tutor. In this sense, knowledge presentation systems are related to microworlds, which use a restricted simulation to let students explore a domain. The difference between simulation-based microworlds and knowledge presentation systems derives from the AI component central to the latter. While a microworld environment simulates a domain under study, a knowledge presentation system simulates knowledge about this domain. The student does not explore the world : he explores knowledge about the world.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - knowledge%20presentation%20system

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A type of knowledge communication system.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - knowledge%20presentation%20system

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Comparer à système de transmission des connaissances.  1, fiche 8, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20pr%C3%A9sentation%20du%20savoir

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[...] différentes formes de présentation des connaissances : tableaux, fiches, réseaux, diagrammes cartésiens, graphiques animés, etc.  2, fiche 8, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20pr%C3%A9sentation%20du%20savoir

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An instructional system such as the Quadratic tutor, capable of refining its knowledge by evaluating its own performance and improving its domain knowledge and teaching strategies.  4, fiche 9, Anglais, - self%2Dimproving%20tutoring%20system

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the student's approach leads to a better solution than the trace stored in the expert's archive, the system adopts the student's solution as its standard : hence the label of self-improving sometimes given this tutor.  4, fiche 9, Anglais, - self%2Dimproving%20tutoring%20system

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Although it is not presented as a self-improving system, Self's program contrasts with O’Shea's in that the tutor has access to a formal learning model.  5, fiche 9, Anglais, - self%2Dimproving%20tutoring%20system

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In Hartley and Sleeman taxonomy of instructional systems, a true ICAI system. Compare to prestructured system, generative system, and adaptive system.  6, fiche 9, Anglais, - self%2Dimproving%20tutoring%20system

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système EIAO capable d'acquérir, en cours d'utilisation, des informations généralisables à des situations ultérieures. Ces informations produisent une transformation irréversible de l'état initial du système, censée améliorer ses performances pédagogiques.  1, fiche 9, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20tutoriel%20%C3%A9volutif

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

PROTO-TEG est un tutoriel évolutif : la connaissance qu'il a acquise a produit une transformation durable du tutoriel.  4, fiche 9, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20tutoriel%20%C3%A9volutif

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il remplit une ou plusieurs des fonctions suivantes : enrichir le modèle du domaine avec des propositions de l'apprenant lorsqu'elles sont plus courtes que celles des concepteurs (module expert);analyser l'effet des activités proposées à l'élève et en tenir compte lors du choix des stratégies didactiques (modèle pédagogique); mettre à jour la représentation de l'état cognitif de l'apprenant en fonction de l'évolution (modèle de l'apprenant); acquérir des connaissances en vue d'optimiser le dialogue avec l'apprenant (module d'interface). Néologisme créé par P. Dillenbourg.  1, fiche 9, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20tutoriel%20%C3%A9volutif

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The instructional strategies contain decision logic and rules to guide the tutor’s intervention of the operator’s actions. ... The tutor guides the student, but does not provide a solution as long as the student’s performance appears to be moving closer to a precise goal. ... The instructional strategies are designed to encourage an operator’s generation of hypotheses.  3, fiche 10, Anglais, - teaching%20strategy

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

As far as teaching strategies are concerned, all the tutor can do is to give advice according to its own approach probabilities.  4, fiche 10, Anglais, - teaching%20strategy

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Once you go to a more intelligent system [than the conventional CAI system], the teaching strategy... must be a part of the data base, so that the tutor can alter its strategy depending upon the needs of the student.  5, fiche 10, Anglais, - teaching%20strategy

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Modes d'enseignement que les enseignants et enseignantes utilisent pour atteindre les objectifs généraux, par exemple l'enseignement direct, l'enseignement indirect, l'apprentissage expérientiel, l'enseignement interactif et l'étude indépendante. [Évaluation de l'élève : manuel de l'enseignant, ministère de l'Éducation de la Saskatchewan, janvier 1993.]  2, fiche 10, Français, - strat%C3%A9gie%20d%27enseignement

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Comparer à stratégie d'apprentissage.  3, fiche 10, Français, - strat%C3%A9gie%20d%27enseignement

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the module [of an Intelligent Tutoring System] which administers interaction between the tutor and the student.  4, fiche 11, Anglais, - student%2Dtutor%20interface

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The student’s interface presents itself as a smart screen editor.  4, fiche 11, Anglais, - student%2Dtutor%20interface

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... a simple student interface employing windows, menus, and a mouse device.  4, fiche 11, Anglais, - student%2Dtutor%20interface

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The student interface presents a natural-language, graphics, or other friendly interface to the student.  5, fiche 11, Anglais, - student%2Dtutor%20interface

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 4 CONT

... four part models for a tutoring system :... student-tutor interface, tutoring knowledge, bug catalogue and the ideal student model.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - student%2Dtutor%20interface

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Module d'un système EIAO permettant d'interpréter les questions et réponses d'un apprenant avant de les transmettre au module expert, ce dernier générant les éléments machine du dialogue système-apprenant. [CTN, Paris, 1991]  2, fiche 11, Français, - interface%20apprenant

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... a knowledge-based tutor is one that can solve the problems it presents to a student.  3, fiche 12, Anglais, - knowledge%2Dbased%20tutor

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In practice a teacher is only likely to create a knowledge base good enough for the cases he wants to teach.... The limitations of the system provide an excellent starting part for classroom discussion, and finding such limitations can be an important activity in learning from a knowledge-based tutor.  2, fiche 12, Anglais, - knowledge%2Dbased%20tutor

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 3 CONT

TRAINING EXPRESS is a knowledge-based tutoring system that is designed to exploit the essential benefits of expert systems research in a classroom or on-the-job setting.  2, fiche 12, Anglais, - knowledge%2Dbased%20tutor

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Par analogie avec «système à base de connaissances»  1, fiche 12, Français, - tuteur%20%C3%A0%20base%20de%20connaissances

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One of the tutor’s distinctive characteristics is that it provides immediate feedback after the student types each code symbol. If the student makes a mistake, the tutor immediately interrupts, provides a message to the student and requires that the student correct the error before moving on. ... The effect of this feedback procedure is to prevent floundering by keeping students on a correct solution path. Interestingly, the immediacy of the feedback appears more important in this regard than the content....  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - immediacy%20of%20the%20feedback

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Immediacy of Feedback.-... the geometry tutor... provides immediate feedback on the student's problem-solving efforts at each step. Whenever the student makes an incorrect inference, the system responds by identifying the error in the student's logic.  2, fiche 13, Anglais, - immediacy%20of%20the%20feedback

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See also "immediate feedback."  3, fiche 13, Anglais, - immediacy%20of%20the%20feedback

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

proximité : Caractère de ce qui est rapproché dans le temps passé ou futur.  2, fiche 13, Français, - caract%C3%A8re%20imm%C3%A9diat%20de%20la%20r%C3%A9troaction

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the knowledge base, domain specific knowledge is expressed as a set of condition-action pairs referred to as production rules that specify the action to be carried out if the prerequisite conditions are true.  4, fiche 14, Anglais, - domain%2Dspecific%20knowledge

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[Instructional Tutoring Systems] have a central objective of communicating some knowledge through computer facilities which may employ domain-specific expertise, error analysis, and user modelling.  3, fiche 14, Anglais, - domain%2Dspecific%20knowledge

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 3 CONT

First, to introduce neophyte users to the system, it must operate as an intelligent tutor, controlling a structured interaction with the user as defined in a domain-specific knowledge base.  2, fiche 14, Anglais, - domain%2Dspecific%20knowledge

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The distinction between domain-specific knowledge and meta-knowledge is not always clear cut. ... meta-knowledge is often treated as control knowledge about what to do next, and this type of knowledge is often very domain specific. ... In general, making distinctions between domain-specific knowledge and meta-knowledge does not contribute much to the design of the system; rather, it tends to distract.  5, fiche 14, Anglais, - domain%2Dspecific%20knowledge

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'avènement de l'intelligence artificielle et l'essor des systèmes experts a souligné l'importance de logiciels capables de traiter de telles connaissances spécifiques à un domaine d'étude.  2, fiche 14, Français, - connaissance%20sp%C3%A9cifique%20du%20domaine

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The uniqueness of a computer-assisted instruction system resides in the computer which provides two significant capabilities: a large memory and flexible logic.  3, fiche 15, Anglais, - computer%2Dassisted%20instruction%20system

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The second thing the tutor needs is a teaching strategy. In a conventional computer-assisted instruction system that is easily built in with the frames and the branching between frames. Once you go to a more intelligent system, the teaching strategy itself must be a part of the data base, so that the tutor can alter its strategy depending upon the needs of the student.  4, fiche 15, Anglais, - computer%2Dassisted%20instruction%20system

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) system for teaching a variety of subjects have been widely implemented, but many are just automations of drill and practice lessons or, at best, on-line programmed textbooks.  5, fiche 15, Anglais, - computer%2Dassisted%20instruction%20system

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble de ressources informatiques qui ont pour objectifs de permettre à un pédagogue (nommé auteur) d'élaborer d'une part le didacticiel qui gère l'interaction éducative entre l'apprenant et l'auteur via le système, et d'autre part d'exploiter les résultats collectés dans le cadre de cette interaction.  1, fiche 15, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20EAO

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Définition proposée par l'Agence de l'Informatique [CTN, Paris, 1991].  1, fiche 15, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20EAO

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The FLOW tutor system uses two basic modes of human information processing : conceptually guided processing(often called top-down processing), and data-driven processing(often called bottom-up processing). Conceptually guided processing is based on higher-level prior knowledge from which expectations are derived. Although this is normally an efficient strategy, gaps in the higher-level knowledge or improper reasoning could lead to serious errors. To overcome this problem, it appears that the human information system allows itself to be interrupted, to be driven by the occurrences of important data, even when its primary attention has been directed elsewhere. This latter mode is data-driven processing.  2, fiche 16, Anglais, - data%2Ddriven%20processing

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tutor Implementation.... In the original implementation of the tutor, the production system model ran step-by-step along with the student, but had trouble keeping up in real time.  1, fiche 17, Anglais, - tutor%20implementation

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La stratégie tutorielle est modifiable via un ensemble de menus de configuration. Le système qui permet la configuration de la stratégie tutorielle est un programme à part, baptisé Mentor [...] Mentor permet aussi l'installation sur la disquette de travail de chaque élève d'un fichier de configuration du tuteur.  1, fiche 17, Français, - configuration%20du%20tuteur

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Recent work inspired by STEAMER includes the graphic authoring system of the IMTS project(Intelligent Maintenance Training System), discussed in(Munro et al., 1985; Towne et al., 1987), and the RECOVERY BOILER tutor, a simulation-based training system for emergency responses, presented in(Woolf et al., 1986).  1, fiche 18, Anglais, - simulation%2Dbased%20training%20system

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Des logiciels très spécialisés resteront [...] nécessaires pour réaliser certains enseignements spécifiques faisant en particulier appel à la simulation.  3, fiche 18, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20formation%20professionnelle%20ax%C3%A9%20sur%20la%20simulation

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The first system primarily concerned with selecting appropriate exercises from a pool of prestored problems is a tutor for symbolic integration that represents domain knowledge by means of numerical methods.  2, fiche 19, Anglais, - symbolic%20integration

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A heuristic program that solves symbolic integration problems in freshman calculus.  3, fiche 19, Anglais, - symbolic%20integration

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un programme qui fait de l'intégration symbolique peut être considéré comme relevant de l'intelligence artificielle; le programme essaiera un changement de variable, puis un autre, (...) etc.  1, fiche 19, Français, - int%C3%A9gration%20symbolique

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Self's vision of formalizing teaching in terms of a student model is given a sharp focus in his work on concept teaching(Self, 1977). It differs from other projects by being a formal experiment on teaching rather than a teaching system. The domain is the acquisition of simple conjunctive concepts in a relational language close to first-order logic. An example of the concepts taught by Self's system would be R(x) T(y)("There is a rectangle and no triangle"). The target concept is taught through successive variable-free examples classified as positive or negative instances. For example, the tutor could say that R(a) T(b)("There is a rectangle a and a triangle b") is a negative example. Since the order in which the sequence of instances is presented greatly influences the time the student takes to converge on the correct concept, the idea is for the teacher to use a learning model to optimize its selection of examples.  1, fiche 20, Anglais, - concept%20teaching

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir étude de concepts, évaluation des concepts, test de concepts.  3, fiche 20, Français, - enseignement%20de%20type%20conceptuel

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Comparer à apprentissage de concepts : apprentissage visant à trouver une fonction de reconnaissance qui permet de distinguer les éléments appartenant au concept de ceux n'en faisant pas partie.  3, fiche 20, Français, - enseignement%20de%20type%20conceptuel

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The BLOCKS tutor(Brown and Burton, 1978b) is based on a game in manipulatory mathematics that uses the concept of(attribute blocks)(Greenes et al., 1972) to exercise the student's deductive abilities of the type necessary for(troubleshooting.) In the game as implemented, a block is defined by three attributes : its size(large or small), its color(red, yellow, green, or blue), and its shape(triangle, square, circle, or diamond). In the card A and card B each state one attribute value(e. g., large) or the negation of a value(e. g., not blue). Thus they each define a set of blocks. These two sets, with their union and their intersection, define four areas as shown in the diagram. The contents of the two cards are not shown to the student, who must deduce them by a sequence of queries. For each query, he chooses one block and asks the system in which of the four areas the block should be placed according to the cards’ contents. If each new block is chosen judiciously, knowing where it belongs narrows the range of possible values for the cards until these values are uniquely determined. The skill of the game is then to select blocks whose placement is expected to provide a maximum of information about the cards. This is analogous to selecting optimal measurements in(troubleshooting.)  1, fiche 21, Anglais, - attribute%20block

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir entrée d'attributs, génération d'attributs.  1, fiche 21, Français, - bloc%2Dattributs

Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Method of instruction in which one student or a small group receives personal guidance and instruction from a tutor or instructor. The tutorial system is student-centred rather than subject-centred and is a descendant of the Socratic method.  2, fiche 22, Anglais, - tutorial%20system

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 22,  Justifications,  Espagnol