TERMIUM Plus®

La banque de données terminologiques et linguistiques du gouvernement du Canada.

TUTORIAL [88 fiches]

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Fiche 1 2024-05-09

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Operating Systems (Software)
CONT

The tutorial interface is designed to facilitate student's learning by providing the environment with the intelligence to structure the code being entered and prevent "low-level" syntactic difficulties. This is achieved by providing the students with an intelligent structured editor with which to enter code.

CONT

A major design feature of the tutoring interface provides the student with a structured editor through which to enter code.

CONT

The Tutorial Interface.-... the structured editor facilitates communication between the student and the tutor.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Systèmes d'exploitation (Logiciels)
OBS

Aplusix a une architecture classique de Tuteur Intelligent. Les différents modules sont : l'expert [...], le module pédagogique [...], le module de diagnostic cognitif [...], l'interface qui fournit une présentation soignée du raisonnement et offre un mode de saisie ergonomique.

Espagnol

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Fiche 2 2024-05-09

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
OBS

See tutorial coaching.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente
DEF

Dérouleur de la séquence de cours.

OBS

Terminologie propre au système Starguide.

Espagnol

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Fiche 3 2021-07-15

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Education Theory and Methods
  • Informatics
DEF

[A] teaching process in which a computer is used for educational purposes with students ...

OBS

It can be used to directly propose contents on given topics or to present drills, practice exercises, and tutorial sequences to the students.

OBS

computer-aided instruction; computer-assisted instruction: terms standardized by the Canadian Standards Association (CSA).

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
  • Informatique
OBS

L'E.A.O. associe explicitement deux domaines de spécialisation, la pédagogie et l'informatique [...]

OBS

enseignement assisté par ordinateur : terme normalisé par l'Association canadienne de normalisation (CSA).

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
  • Informática
DEF

Uso de computadoras (ordenadores) para la instrucción individual y en las aulas.

OBS

Técnica de enseñanza en modo (modalidad) conversacional, con una computadora (ordenador) que tiene un plan de estudio preprogramado.

OBS

El curso programado escoge el siguiente tema o fase de estudios según las respuestas previas dadas por el estudiante, permitiendo que cada estudiante progrese a su propio paso en relación directa con su capacidad para aprender.

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Fiche 4 2017-04-06

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Education Theory and Methods
  • Software
CONT

Didactic decisions are made by references to the student model and to the model of domain knowledge. At the global level, these decisions affect the sequences of instructional episodes. ... At the local level, the [didactic] module determines when an intervention is desirable, whether or not the student should be interrupted in an activity, and what could and should be said or presented at any given time.

CONT

Pedagogical decisions are made in the context of an instructional environment that determines the degrees of control over the activity and over the instructional interaction possessed respectively by the tutorial system and by the student.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
  • Logiciels
CONT

Les systèmes experts [...] constituent [...] le cœur des «tutoriels intelligents», des «systèmes d'aide à la décision pédagogique», des «logiciels conseils d'accès à l'information» [...] mais aussi de plusieurs systèmes d'analyse de la cognition et de l'apprentissage.

Espagnol

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Fiche 5 2015-12-30

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Training of Personnel
  • Education Theory and Methods
CONT

For an informal environment to be fully effective as a learning activity, it often must be augmented by tutorial guidance that recognizes and explains weaknesses in the student's decisions...

PHR

self-taught learning activity

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
DEF

Situation planifiée par l'enseignant et proposée à l'élève pour l'aider à atteindre un objectif d'apprentissage.

OBS

L'activité d'apprentissage comporte généralement une ou plusieurs tâches à accomplir.

PHR

activité d'apprentissage en autonomie

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Capacitación del personal
  • Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
DEF

Acción que realiza un docente para crear un ambiente propicio a facilitar el aprendizaje del o los estudiantes. El diseño de experiencias de aprendizaje es una actividad que no es fácil de planear, pues se requieren conocimientos de didáctica y de teorías del aprendizaje.

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Fiche 6 2015-07-09

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Family Law (common law)
CONT

In dealing with non-age as an impediment to marriage, a distinction has to be made between "marriageable age" and "marriageable majority. "A person below marriageable age may not marry at all, even with the consent of his parents or guardian, except, possibly in special circumstances, e. g., where the girl is pregnant or the mother of a living child. A person above marriageable age but below the age of marriage majority(which in most, but not all of the provinces coincides with the age of majority) may marry provided he obtains the requisite parental or tutorial consent.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit de la famille (common law)
DEF

Âge autorisant le mariage.

OBS

âge de la nubilité : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Espagnol

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Fiche 7 2015-07-09

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Family Law (common law)
OBS

Consent is either not required or may be dispensed with by a judge if both the minor's parents are dead or incapable of acting and no guardian has been appointed. Again, in all the provinces, a judge may grant an order dispensing with the normally required parental or tutorial consent if the parent or guardian withholds it unreasonably or arbitrarily.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit de la famille (common law)
OBS

ordonnance dispensant du consentement parental : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Espagnol

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Fiche 8 2015-03-03

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Computer Programs and Programming
  • Education Theory and Methods
CONT

In tutor mode, the tutor works through a problem, step by step, explaining its action, both strategically in terms of its current subgoals and locally in describing the current step. ... As the tutor carries out a demonstration, it explains the actions that it takes at each step in the context of strategic goals....

CONT

The ADVISOR is to be capable of three modes of operation :... in the tutorial mode it will provide a guided instruction to the system for the neophyte user.

CONT

[The student] ... can call on the tutor to do a problem - this invokes the tutor mode, also called demonstration mode.

OBS

As opposed to "student mode. See also "proactive mode" and "reactive mode."

OBS

See also "proactive mode" and "reactive mode".

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Programmes et programmation (Informatique)
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
DEF

Mode d'emploi de systèmes ou de programmes informatiques, se présentant le plus souvent sous forme de livre, et, contrairement au manuel de référence, constitué essentiellement d'exercices pratiques et d'exemples d'application.

Espagnol

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Fiche 9 2014-12-23

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Education Theory and Methods
  • Computer Programs and Programming
DEF

A teaching program organised as a set of frames.

CONT

Branching programs. Distinguishing characteristics : corrective feedback; adaptive to student response; tutorial dialogues; use of author languages.

CONT

Branching programs. One change that could be made to a linear program is to use the student response to control the material that the student sees next.

OBS

As opposed to "linear programme" or "Skinner programme."

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
  • Programmes et programmation (Informatique)
DEF

Type de déroulement d'un programme [dans une machine à enseigner] caractérisé par le fait que 1) plusieurs réponses sont possibles, donc il y a possibilité d'erreur par le répondant, 2) ces erreurs sont prévues et analysées, 3) chacune révèle une forme de non-intégration des connaissances ou une insuffisance d'information et renvoie donc à une boucle ad hoc, c'est-à-dire à une séquence d'informations complémentaires.

CONT

Les programmes ramifiés. [...] Conçus par l'Américain R.A. Crowder, ils ont rencontré [...] moins de succès que les programmes linéaires [...] Le principe du programme ramifié est d'exposer une unité d'information d'une quantité supérieure à l'élément skinnérien (de l'ordre d'une demi-page) puis à poser une question en rapport direct avec l'information qui vient d'être donnée. Un choix de réponses est alors proposé [...] Chacune de ces réponses renvoie à une autre unité d'information [...]

CONT

Il faut distinguer [...] le programme linéaire du programme à branchements. Dans le premier cas, les éléments sont lus dans un ordre rigide d'où il n'est pas possible de s'écarter, [il] convient ainsi d'éviter l'introduction d'erreurs [...] Très différent est le programme à branchements de Crowder, qui utilise également la méthode interrogative; mais, loin d'éviter la mauvaise réponse, il l'exploite à des fins pédagogiques.

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
  • Programas y programación (Informática)
OBS

[En este tipo de programa] se tiene en cuenta los diferentes tipos de error que ha cometido el alumno y en consecuencia la secuencia auxiliar está pensada de acuerdo con el carácter dela dificultad que ha encontrado el alumno en su progresión.

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Fiche 10 2014-02-17

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Education Theory and Methods
DEF

An instructional method in which one child tutors another in material on which the tutor is an "expert" and the tutee is a "novice."

CONT

Tutoring approaches and models have many variations in the regular classroom and include tutorial instruction, peer tutoring, peer teaching, peer education...

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
DEF

[Méthode pédagogique] qui consiste en une intervention structurée entre deux élèves où l'un d'eux fournit à l'autre un support scolaire.

CONT

Le projet présenté visait à améliorer le niveau de lecture des élèves de trois écoles d’immersion française grâce au tutorat par les pairs. Le programme consistait en des sessions privées entre un pair de cinquième, sixième ou septième année et un lecteur en difficulté de deuxième ou troisième année.

Espagnol

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Fiche 11 2012-01-04

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
DEF

An action triggered by the didactic module, that is observable by the student.

CONT

The didactic operation is more general than a didactic intervention, in that it does not necessarily correspond to actions visible to the student.

OBS

Interventions can be either prefabricated (prestored) or tailored to student’s viewpoint (i.e. generated by the system).

CONT

Even if an important issue has been recognized as overlooked in the current move and evaluated as weak in the student model, however, coaching principles can still oppose tutorial intervention, for instance if it would otherwise take place for two moves in a row(didactic source). In general, once an operation has been triggered in a given context, the system must still decide what to do or say, how to do or say it, or even whether to do or say anything at all.

CONT

As decompilation reveals the locus of expertise and represents structural and strategic abstractions explicitly, didactic interventions can focus on critical concepts and can describe expertise in general terms rather than problem-specific ones.

CONT

Much previous work on ICAI... has focussed on the "buggy model of learning, "in which the computer is supposed to diagnose the student's incorrect... operators and direct specific tutorial action to correcting these misconceptions.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente
DEF

Suivi de l'apprenant par le module pédagogique.

CONT

Selon ce modèle, l'intervention éducative consiste à modifier l'environnement culturel, en y introduisant de nouveaux éléments de construction et en éliminant les éléments nuisibles.

OBS

Comparer à opération didactique.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • action didactique

Espagnol

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Fiche 12 2012-01-04

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
CONT

... as a tutorial mechanism, [the computer-assisted instruction system] can form models of both the students’ states of knowledge and their reasoning strategy. These structural models are used both to identify fundamental misconceptions and to determine when and how to provide remediation, heuristic recommendations("hints"), or further instruction.

CONT

Without some reasoning about the student’s intentions and some appropriate remediation, effective teaching does not take place.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente
DEF

Activité aidant les élèves à s'améliorer à la suite d'une évaluation formative en fin d'apprentissage.

CONT

Quant aux messages d'aide, ils ont été libellés en français afin d'assurer une remédiation non équivoque.

Espagnol

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Fiche 13 2012-01-04

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Internet and Telematics
  • Training of Personnel
  • Education Theory and Methods
CONT

... substantial progress is being made toward the intertwined goals of understanding how human tutors function and building a computer-based system that can give intelligent tutorial aid to a student. Existing computer tutors, such as the FLOW tutor system... are able to perform reasonably, and occasionally brilliantly, in restricted environments.

CONT

Computer-based tutorial systems, such as the FLOW tutor, can be evaluated according to their fidelity as a simulation of a human tutor and their function as a tutor.

CONT

Computer tutors should know what they teach. ... In addition, it is possible that the tutor could use its own knowledge to generate explanations as appropriate, and could understand a student’s difficulties by some analysis of the knowledge involved.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Internet et télématique
  • Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
DEF

Système informatisé capable de poser un ensemble d'actions personnalisées conduisant un apprenant à atteindre un ou plusieurs objectifs d'enseignement.

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Inteligencia artificial
  • Internet y telemática
  • Capacitación del personal
  • Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
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Fiche 14 2011-12-20

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Training of Personnel
  • Internet and Telematics
  • Education Theory and Methods
  • Artificial Intelligence
DEF

[A system that makes] decisions about how, and in what order, programming concepts should be introduced, and attempts to monitor the student’s progress in mastering the new notions.

CONT

... SCHOLAR was a first attempt to develop a tutorial system to teach "the same way human teachers do. "

CONT

Work on intelligent tutoring should take its direction from research and theory in psychology, especially cognitive psychology. There is ... a considerable body of knowledge that can be used to guide the construction of tutoring systems....

OBS

Compare with "coaching system."

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
  • Internet et télématique
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
  • Intelligence artificielle
DEF

Système de didacticiels qui détermine l'ordre de présentation des concepts d'une programmation et dirige l'étudiant dans son apprentissage.

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Capacitación del personal
  • Internet y telemática
  • Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
  • Inteligencia artificial
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Fiche 15 2011-10-20

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
DEF

A model of the student’s current state. This is the system’s current understanding of the history, capabilities, knowledge, goals and motivation of the student it is teaching.

DEF

That part of a teaching program which provides it with information about the student using it.

CONT

We generally think of a student model as an evolving description of what the student knows about the subject domain. [...] This dynamic process is based on various sources of evidence and ways to reason about the evidence, involving considerations like measures of a priori difficulty, structural relationships in the knowledge base, and common sense reasoning.

CONT

Another student-controlled means of sharing status information is through the student profile. At the start of a tutorial session the student specifies whether he wishes to be told about conclusions being made by the expert program... in the course of the dialogue. He can request nothing, ask for full information, or simply request a "hint, "... The components of the profile are : Student Sophistication... Failure or Success of D-rules... Rule Conclusions... Final Goal Conclusions... Lesson Plan... Debugging....

OBS

It can be descriptive or simulative, or a combination of the two. Each of its submodels - behavioral, epistemic, and individual - plays a distinct role in the continuity of the communication process.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente
DEF

Composante d'un tuteur intelligent réunissant l'ensemble des informations sur l'élève.

CONT

Le modèle de l'apprenant : il reflète les connaissances que possède le système sur l'apprenant; il contient en particulier : les connaissances statiques acquises par l'apprenant (base d'objets et de relations), les connaissances dynamiques (règles de comportement des objets), et les connaissances propres à l'apprenant (évaluation de l'apprenant).

CONT

Le modèle étudiant représente l'histor ique des connaissances de l'apprenant en terme de décisions prises au fur et à mesure d'erreurs commises, de fausses conceptions. Le modèle de l'apprenant évolue constamment et représente la partie dynamique du système à partir de laquelle nous pouvons bâtir une interactivité plus adaptée aux processus d'apprentissage de l'étudiant.

Espagnol

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Fiche 16 2011-10-20

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
DEF

A computer-assisted instruction technique based on the method used in a programmed instruction text. The material presented to the student depends on how the questions asked are answered.

CONT

By contrast to the conventional, ad hoc frame-oriented CAI, an information-structure-oriented (ISO) CAI system is based on an information network of facts, concepts and procedures; it can generate text, questions, and corresponding answers.

CONT

... a mixture of the traditional frame-oriented CAI and the modern information-structure oriented CAI....

OBS

Conventional tutorial CAI systems depend for their operation on the utilization of ad hoc blocks of material, usually called frames, entered in advance by the teacher.

OBS

The use of the word "frame-oriented" to describe CAI systems ... refers to the prestored instructional units, often called frames, in which CAI encodes lessons prepared by a human expert. There units contain small portions of the curriculum and are successively displayed on the screen for presentation and questions.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
OBS

Dans la taxinomie de Carbonell (1970), type d'EAO conventionnel axé sur des systèmes dont la base de données est composée de "cadres" ou "schémas" représentant des unités textuelles, de questions et des réponses préprogrammées, anticipées par un enseignant humain. L'EAO à cadres correspond, dans la taxinomie de Hartley et Sleeman (1973), aux systèmes EAO préstructurés.

Espagnol

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Fiche 17 2011-05-12

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Software
  • School Equipment
CONT

We have developed a multimedia tutorial to present you with the way of using our courses of the Intensive Vocabulary Training System series.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • multi-media tutorial

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Logiciels
  • Matériel et équipement scolaires
CONT

Tutoriel multimédia qui présente les rudiments de la génétique.

Espagnol

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Fiche 18 2011-01-17

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Internet and Telematics
  • School Equipment
CONT

The instructional message descriptions for this lesson have been matched to the corresponding objective(s). They are in summary form for the lesson plan, but will be expanded to create the online multimedia tutorial, practice quiz, and experiment directions.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Internet et télématique
  • Matériel et équipement scolaires
CONT

Tutoriel multimedia en ligne avec vidéos, photos, et son de la Messe Latine selon le Missale Romanum de 1962 (Missel romain).

Espagnol

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Fiche 19 2010-09-09

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Software
  • Education (General)
OBS

A tutorial may be ended temporarily, when the student leaves but intends to return later, or permanently, when all required parts have been completed. When ending, a lesson should have a message making it clear that the student is leaving the program and the student should be allowed to choose whether to go on immediately or to return later.

OBS

Ending the program should be very clear. Be sure it is understood if temporary termination or permanent termination. Temporary termination should always be an option.

OBS

Ending of a Tutorial. Temporary Ending. If there is to be restarting where the student left off, data must be stored on disk about what the student has completed. Alternatively, the student might receive a message indicating how to return to the point left off.

OBS

A tutorial may be ended either temporarily, such as when the student must leave but intends to return later, or permanently, when all required parts have been completed. The option to leave temporarily should always be available at the student's option...

OBS

As opposed to "permanent ending" or "permanent termination."

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Logiciels
  • Pédagogie (Généralités)
OBS

Si le logiciel s'utilise en plusieurs étapes consécutives, il se révèle nécessaire d'offrir à l'élève la possibilité de suspendre temporairement l'exécution du logiciel ou de sortir du logiciel en tout temps et de revenir à la dernière situation d'apprentissage.

Espagnol

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Fiche 20 2007-07-17

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Space Exploration Equipment and Tools
DEF

A small independent expert system whose knowledge, accessible for tutorial purposes, concerns the management of a set of hypotheses in a troubleshooting context.

CONT

... the troubleshooting expert reasons qualitatively, making causally meaningful measurements and explaining its strategic decisions as it proceeds.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • expert troubleshooter

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Équipement et outillage d'exploration spatiale
OBS

système expert diagnostiqueur : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie spatiale (CUTS).

Espagnol

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Fiche 21 2007-04-23

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of Internet Pages
  • Labour and Employment
OBS

Industry Canada. This online tutorial provides a broad introduction to e-Business Basics.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • electronic Business Tutorial

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de pages Internet
  • Travail et emploi
OBS

Industrie Canada. Ce tutoriel vous donnera une bonne vue d'ensemble des concepts de base des affaires électroniques.

Espagnol

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Fiche 22 2007-02-05

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • National Bodies and Committees (Canadian)
  • Computer Hardware
OBS

CSCSI/SCEIO is organized and will be operated exclusively for educational and research purposes in the interest area of the Computational Studies of Intelligence and in the furtherance thereof. The society will promote the interests of professionals by : Setting up study groups which will investigate and report on relevant major issues; Organizing both seminar and tutorial meetings; Publishing the CSCSI/SCEIO newsletter containing information of Interest to members; Forging and maintaining informed links with Government, Industry and other societies with similar goals and other appropriate means.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités nationaux canadiens
  • Matériel informatique
OBS

La Société canadienne pour l'étude de l'intelligence par ordinateur (SCEIO) forme un groupe d'intérêt à l'intérieur de la Canadian Information Processing Society (CIPS) et fait la promotion de l'étude de l'intelligence par ordinateur. SCEIO organise un congrès annuel et séminaires. Elle parraine le périodique Computational Intelligence.

Espagnol

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Fiche 23 2006-04-03

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Educational Psychology
  • Human Behaviour
CONT

Any tutorial with an author language program deals with a subset of the stimulus-response situations anticipated by the author....

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Psychologie scolaire
  • Comportement humain
CONT

Cette conception béhavioriste l'entraîna à formuler la théorie psychologique du stimulus-réponse. Selon celle-ci, toutes les formes complexes de comportement - émotions, habitudes, etc.- sont composées d'éléments musculaires et glandulaires simples, qui peuvent être observés et mesurés. Il soutenait que les réactions émotionnelles sont le résultat d'un apprentissage au même titre que les autres aptitudes.

OBS

Pluriel : des stimulus, des stimuli.

OBS

stimulus (pl.) : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).

Espagnol

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Fiche 24 2006-03-21

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Training of Personnel
  • Internet and Telematics
  • Education Theory and Methods
CONT

Tutored distance self-training. Tutorial system makes up for the self-training's weaknesses(isolation, assimilation of complex concepts,...).

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
  • Internet et télématique
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
CONT

La particularité de Teach-line(R) réside dans la conception de dispositifs de formation à distance synchrones qui reproduisent la relation pédagogique face à face. Par une borne de formation interactive à distance, Teach-line(R) propose des sessions de formation et des sessions d'autoformation tutorée à distance.

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Capacitación del personal
  • Internet y telemática
  • Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
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Fiche 25 2006-03-21

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Education Theory and Methods
  • Software
  • Training of Personnel
DEF

The component of an ICAI program that selects the strategies for presenting tutorial information to a student.

CONT

Tutorial Module.... The tutor is an agent which can be actively invoked either by the user directly or by the advice module when the latter determines that instruction is likely to be useful. The tutor is composed of 3 components :tutorial rules, a complexity map, and a set of case models.

CONT

The Tutor Module is in charge of the teaching activities, in particular, selecting an appropriate pedagogical stategy using the information produced by the student model. It plays the roles of tutor, instructor and exercise generator. The pedagogical decisions are made dynamically based on the information from the student model. If the student is very familiar with the materials being taught, he will be given harder exercises to increase his understanding. However, if the student is totally unfamiliar with the concepts, he will be given a tutorial.

CONT

The tutoring module has two functions: coordination and teaching. The tutoring module receives all the information from the different modules of the ITS and coordinates the overall activity using psycho-pedagogical knowledge.

CONT

The tutorial expert represents tutorial knowledge... and the ability to use this knowledge, along with the student model, to make pedagogical decisions. It is the control element of the ITS [Intelligent Tutoring System].

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
  • Logiciels
  • Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
DEF

Module d'un système EIAO dont la fonction essentielle est de fournir une réponse à une situation ponctuelle (blocage, erreur ou demande d'aide). Il contribue à la recherche de la meilleure stratégie pédagogique [CTN, Paris, 1991].

CONT

Le module tuteur: il fournit la stratégie pédagogique la plus appropriée à la situation actuelle. Il est chargé de choisir le type d'intervention («répéter» par exemple) et le mode d'intervention. La base de faits du tuteur lui permet de conserver la trace des échecs pendant la recherche de la "meilleure" stratégie (journal des règles effectuées) et des règles effectivement appliquées (base des actions effectuées), afin d'être en mesure de mettre à jour le modèle de l'apprenant et la base d'expertise si nécessaire.

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Inteligencia artificial
  • Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
  • Soporte lógico (Software)
  • Capacitación del personal
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Fiche 26 2006-03-21

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Training of Personnel
  • Internet and Telematics
  • Education Theory and Methods
CONT

The classes are designed around a completely new concept of online tutorial support that for the first time brings the Oxford tutorial within the reach of the distance learner. Human tutors will supervise studies using e-mail, Internet discussions and voice-based conferencing.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • on-line tutorial support

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
  • Internet et télématique
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
CONT

Technology : «Teaching and Learning with Technology» est un projet de l'Alberta qui offre des ressources d'encadrement et de perfectionnement professionnel aux enseignantes et aux enseignants qui intègrent la technologie à leur enseignement en classe. Les mentors virtuels et l'appui tutoriel en ligne sont quelques exemples de ces ressources.

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Capacitación del personal
  • Internet y telemática
  • Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
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Fiche 27 2006-03-21

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Education Theory and Methods
  • Internet and Telematics
  • Training of Personnel
CONT

In addition to accessing videos and animations from MyMathLab's multimedia textbook files, students can now access these resources directly from selected tutorial and homework exercises. For example, a tutorial exercise may have a video clip of an instructor giving a portion of a lecture, or there may be an animation that helps to demonstrate a concept.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
  • Internet et télématique
  • Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
DEF

Activité où l'apprenant n'a qu'à reproduire étape par étape un ensemble de manipulations.

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
  • Internet y telemática
  • Capacitación del personal
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Fiche 28 2006-01-12

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Training of Personnel
  • Audiovisual Techniques and Equipment
  • Internet and Telematics
CONT

An interactive tutorial is a perfect way to deliver training that will lessen the learning curve and get users up to speed fast with your software package. Tutorials allow you to deliver computer-based training with graphical depictions of how to perform tasks and get results fast. Since tutorials can contain multimedia and software simulations, users can learn how to operate your product by actually watching it in use.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
  • Audiovisuel (techniques et équipement)
  • Internet et télématique
CONT

Chaque logiciel est un tutoriel interactif renfermant des animations, des illustrations et des textes intégrés afin de favoriser l'apprentissage des diverses structures composant le système nerveux humain.

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Inteligencia artificial
  • Capacitación del personal
  • Técnicas y equipo audiovisuales
  • Internet y telemática
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Fiche 29 2005-09-14

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Software
  • Education Theory and Methods
CONT

If the computer has a tutorial program, the student is asked a question by the computer, the student types in an answer, and then gets an immediate response to the answer. If the answer is correct, the student is routed to more challenging problems;....

CONT

In order to ensure that your question or comment will get routed quickly to the correct destination, please click on the link below the appropriate product heading that best corresponds with your comment or question.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Logiciels
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques

Espagnol

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Fiche 30 2005-07-27

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Education Theory and Methods
  • Training of Personnel
  • Internet and Telematics
CONT

SMARTHINKING is the leading provider of live, online, just-in-time tutoring and academic support solutions for high schools, colleges, universities, government, and textbook publishers. To date, our e-structors have worked with 23, 783 students logging over 108, 362 individual tutorial sessions.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • just in time tutoring

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
  • Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
  • Internet et télématique
Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • tutorat juste à temps

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
  • Capacitación del personal
  • Internet y telemática
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Fiche 31 2005-07-27

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
DEF

Inferring a general concept description from examples and optionally, counterexamples, of that concept. A form of inductive learning.

CONT

Example-driven Learning. Alternatively, students can be presented with tutorial demonstrations for solving example problems by simply asking the system to reason out loud about a given circuit using its present, qualitative, causal mode. Students can thus hear explanations of how to solve each type of problem in the series, followed by opportunities to solve similar problems. Since the focus is on presenting examples together with explanations prior to practice in problem solving, we term this learning strategy "example-driven".

CONT

Teachers and students alike agree that one of the best kinds of learning is learning by example. The best teachers do not present more facts and directions to students, but motivate their presentations by supplying illustrative examples for each concept to be learned.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
DEF

Stratégie d'apprentissage dans laquelle le système présente d'abord à l'apprenant des exemples de problèmes et la façon de les résoudre, avant de le laisser se mesurer à des exercices.

CONT

L'apprentissage empirique de concept par exemples consiste à élaborer une caractérisation générale d'un concept à partir de descriptions d'exemples et de contre-exemples de ce concept, en appliquant des règles d'inférence inductive et sans utiliser de connaissances spécifiques au domaine.

CONT

L'apprentissage par des exemples [...]. Celui qui apprend doit généraliser à partir d'exemples, qui sont d'habitude préparés par un enseignant. C'est la forme la plus activement étudiée d'apprentissage automatique.

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Inteligencia artificial
CONT

Existen varios métodos para realizar aprendizaje mecánico; como son: el aprendizaje basado en ejemplos (a partir de muchos ejemplos se obtiene la capacidad de decidir cuándo un caso es o no un ejemplo del concepto aprendido) y el aprendizaje basado en generalización (con un ejemplo y usando conocimiento sobre el dominio se induce una regla general, o sea, se construye una formulación general del concepto a aprender).

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Fiche 32 2005-07-27

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Education Theory and Methods
  • Training of Personnel
  • Internet and Telematics
CONT

In much earlier tutorial dialogue research(such as in Socratic teaching dialogues...), very little autonomy was given to the learner in terms of the range of responses available, and the possibility of pursuing their own independent learning goals.

OBS

Compare with "learning objective".

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
  • Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
  • Internet et télématique
OBS

Le but a un caractère lointain et global par rapport à l'objectif.

OBS

Comparer à «objectif d'apprentissage».

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Inteligencia artificial
  • Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
  • Capacitación del personal
  • Internet y telemática
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Fiche 33 2005-07-22

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Education Theory and Methods
  • Software
CONT

The ADVISOR is to be capable of three modes of operation : in reactive mode, it will offer meaningful responses to user questions; in proactive mode, it will monitor the user and intervene with suggestions to assist the user achieve the indicated goal; in the tutorial mode it will provide a guided instruction to the system for the neophyte user.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
  • Logiciels
CONT

Dans le mode proactif, la démarche est inversée [et] c'est l'apprenant qui a l'initiative et qui «interroge» le système d'enseignement. Celui-ci répond aux sollicitations de l'apprenant.

Espagnol

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Fiche 34 2005-06-28

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Education Theory and Methods
  • Internet and Telematics
  • Training of Personnel
CONT

The goal of an online tutorial is to create an environment where people can learn. It is not about technology, the hardware and software, except as these are necessary to create the medium in which the learning occurs.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • on-line tutorial

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
  • Internet et télématique
  • Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
CONT

Outils d'apprentissage et de formation. Essayez un didacticiel en ligne et découvrez les ressources dont vous avez besoin pour établir un plan d'apprentissage ou repérer un centre d'apprentissage et de formation de l'administration fédérale situé près de chez vous.

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
  • Internet y telemática
  • Capacitación del personal
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Fiche 35 2005-06-28

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Education Theory and Methods
  • Training of Personnel
  • Internet and Telematics
CONT

But as online learning becomes more and more popular, educators are warning that a teaching environment without some kind of face-to-face interaction isn’t suited for every kind of degree level or course. For instance, they feel that graduate students are better able to handle the lack of personal interaction than undergraduates who need the sense of community that being on campus offers.

CONT

Recent years have witnessed the birth of a new paradigm for learning environments, animated pedagogical agents. These lifelike autonomous characters cohabit learning environments with students to create rich face to face learning interactions This opens up exciting new possibilities, for example agents can demonstrate complex tasks, employ locomotion and gesture to focus students attention on the most salient aspect of the task at hand and convey emotional responses to the tutorial situation.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
  • Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
  • Internet et télématique
CONT

Cours, stages, séminaires et practica sont offerts et toutes ces activités de formation combinent l'interaction en face-à-face et en réseau.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • interaction en face à face

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
  • Capacitación del personal
  • Internet y telemática
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Fiche 36 2005-05-19

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Education Theory and Methods
  • Training of Personnel
  • Internet and Telematics
CONT

If your tutorial is to be accessible from outside your department, then what kind of support are you going to give to people who work through it? You can invite their feedback via e-mail, offer to answer questions related to the material, or, once a common European credit assignment system is in place, convert the tutorial to a full blown course for credit.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
  • Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
  • Internet et télématique
CONT

Le cours Élaboration d'un portfolio pour la reconnaissance des acquis (RA) est conçu et structuré de manière à donner une introduction positive à la formation de niveau collégial aux apprenants dans le domaine de l'industrie sidérurgique. Le cours fournit un cadre au système de reconnaissance des acquis et offre aux apprenants l'occasion d'identifier, de documenter et de vérifier leurs acquis dans un portfolio.

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
  • Capacitación del personal
  • Internet y telemática
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Fiche 37 2005-04-12

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Offences and crimes
  • Copyright, Patent and Trademark Law
CONT

The court gave the parties a one-day hearing to provide it with both a technology tutorial and oral argument on the summary judgement motions regarding the issue of infringement/non-infringement.

OBS

In general, as defendant in an IP (Intellectual property) rights infringement litigation, you may argue that infringement did not occur, or may attack the validity of the IP (Intellectual property) rights.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • noninfringement

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Infractions et crimes
  • Propriété industrielle et intellectuelle
CONT

En général, comme défendeur dans une action en contrefaçon de propriété intellectuelle (PI), vous pouvez faire valoir l'absence de contrefaçon ou attaquer la validité des droits de propriété intellectuelle de l'autre partie.

Espagnol

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Fiche 38 2004-09-23

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Education Theory and Methods
DEF

[A tutorial strategy which] is selected when the student... has very little knowledge about the concepts. The tutor will start to explain the error, such as subject-verb agreement, and assign appropriate exercises.

CONT

Computer-assisted learning may be able to provide the extra guidance and remediation which an under-achieving child needs.

OBS

Coaching differs from other tutoring situations like mixed-initiative dialogues in that the student is always in complete control of the activity. The problem of responding correctly to the student is replaced by that of interrupting [him/her] at the right time with the right comments.

OBS

See also "mixed-initiative dialogue" and "strict monitoring" which are other forms of strategy.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
DEF

Stratégie tutorielle appliquée lorsqu'un apprenant a une connaissance assez élémentaire des concepts à étudier. Le système tutoriel explique systématiquement les erreurs et propose des exercices de base appropriés.

CONT

Il est possible et parfois souhaitable que l'enseignant puisse modifier l'encadrement didactique du didacticiel. L'intensité de l'encadrement didactique peut varier selon le degré d'indépendance qu'on veut bien laisser à l'élève dans son cheminement à travers le didacticiel.

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Inteligencia artificial
  • Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
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Fiche 39 2004-07-27

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Training of Personnel
  • Internet and Telematics
  • Education Theory and Methods
OBS

A self-paced tutorial can be built using programs such as Macromedia and are great for "just in time" training. Asynchronous tutorials can also be used in conjunction with synchronous events.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • just-in-time training
  • virtual asynchronous tutorial

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
  • Internet et télématique
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
CONT

Les tutoriels asynchrones virtuels offrent des possibilités de formation en groupe dans un environnement où les apprenants et l'instructeur ne sont pas en ligne en même temps. Ces tutoriels conviennent dans le cas de problèmes dont on ignore la définition ou la méthode de résolution et qui exigent l'application, l'analyse, la synthèse et l'évaluation de l'information pour produire de nouvelles idées ou de nouveaux plans. Un exemple de tutoriel asynchrone serait que des gestionnaires apprennent comment réaliser une entrevue en écrivant leurs questions et en recevant une rétroaction de l'instructeur et des coparticipants.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • tutoriel asynchrone virtuel

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Capacitación del personal
  • Internet y telemática
  • Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
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Fiche 40 2004-07-14

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Education Theory and Methods
CONT

The tutor’s guidance is based upon the student’s partial solution. In general, this is a difficult problem because it requires that the tutor be sensitive to the student’s current problem-solving strategy and the kind of advice he prefers....

CONT

In tutorial guidance, it is sometimes more effective to let the student search for a while than always to interrupt him.

OBS

Pedagogically, WEST adopts a cautious attitude and intervenes only when there is good evidence for a weakness [of a student] .... The issues-and-examples paradigm proposes a mechanism for determining when and how knowledge could be presented by a coach to motivate learning in the performance of an activity.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
DEF

Action du module pédagogique sur le déroulement d'une session d'EIAO. Ce guidage peut être discret ou direct en fonction des performances de l'apprenant [CTN, Paris, 1991].

CONT

Il est possible et parfois souhaitable que l'enseignant puisse modifier l'encadrement didactique du didacticiel. L'intensité de l'encadrement didactique peut varier selon le degré d'indépendance qu'on veut bien laisser à l'élève dans son cheminement à travers le didacticiel.

OBS

Le guidage tutoriel est une forme de contrôle du processus d'apprentissage exercé par le module pédagogique. Voir aussi guidage optimal et action didactique optimale.

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Inteligencia artificial
  • Teorías y métodos pedagógicos
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Fiche 41 2004-04-15

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of Monographs
  • Internet and Telematics
OBS

By the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), 2003. "The English version of this specification is the only normative version".

OBS

XForms is the new markup language for forms on the Web. This document is a quick introduction to XForms for HTML Forms authors. It shows you how to convert existing forms to their XForms equivalent. It assumes knowledge of HTML Forms, so is not a beginner's tutorial. Although there is mention of additional facilities of XForms beyond those possible in HTML Forms(marked with an asterisk on the headings), it is not a full tutorial on all features of XForms.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de monographies
  • Internet et télématique
OBS

Par le consortium W3C, 2003. «Ceci est une traduction ... Seul le document original en anglais a valeur de norme».

OBS

XForms est le nouveau langage de balisage pour les formulaires sur le Web. Ce document est une rapide introduction à XForms destinée aux auteurs HTML. Il montre comment convertir les formulaires existants dans leur équivalent en XForms. Une connaissance des formulaires HTML est requise, et il ne s'agit donc pas d'un tutoriel destiné aux débutants. Même si des facilités supplémentaires de XForms sont mentionnées (signalées par un astérisque dans le titre), qui vont au-delà de celles permises par les formulaires HTML, il ne s'agit pas non plus d'un tutoriel présentant toutes les fonctionnalités de XForms.

Espagnol

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Fiche 42 2004-04-15

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of Monographs
  • Internet and Telematics
OBS

By the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). "The English version of this specification is the only normative version". SOAP: Simple Object Access Protocol.

OBS

SOAP Version 1. 2 Part 0 : Primer is a non-normative document intended to provide an easily understandable tutorial on the features of the SOAP Version 1. 2 specifications. In particular, it describes the features through various usage scenarios, and is intended to complement the normative text contained in Part 1 and Part 2 of the SOAP 1. 2 specifications.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • Simple Object Access Protocol Version 1.2 Part 0: Primer
  • Simple Object Access Protocol: Primer

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de monographies
  • Internet et télématique
OBS

Par le consortium W3C. «Ceci est une traduction ... Seul le document original en anglais a valeur de norme».

OBS

SOAP Version 1.2 Partie 0 : Préliminaire est un document non normatif destiné à fournir un tutoriel facile d'accès à propos des caractéristiques de la spécification SOAP Version 1.2. En particulier, il décrit ces caractéristiques au travers de divers scénarii d'utilisation, et se veut être un complément du texte normatif contenu dans les partie 1 et partie 2 de la spécification SOAP 1.2.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • Protocole SOAP : Préliminaire
  • SOAP : Préliminaire

Espagnol

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Fiche 43 2003-08-20

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Computer Programs and Programming
  • Office Automation
CONT

Zyndlex is a bundle of four programs, an indexer, a searcher, a tutorial, and a utility program... after indexing, files can be searched for words or phrases using the connectors AND, OR, NOT, and within.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Programmes et programmation (Informatique)
  • Bureautique

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Programas y programación (Informática)
  • Ofimática
Conserver la fiche 43

Fiche 44 2003-06-11

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Training of Personnel
  • Internet and Telematics
  • Education Theory and Methods
CONT

Tutorial software is designed to teach a subject, as well as drill over it. It may have a drill-and-practice module, in which it analyzes the student's comprehension, but much more, the software is devoted to teaching the subject. In short, this type of software claims to replace the teacher.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Perfectionnement et formation du personnel
  • Internet et télématique
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
CONT

Lorsque, pour une section de théorie donnée, la lecture est terminée, on propose généralement à l'utilisateur des exercices (module exerciseur) et un outil de démonstration (module démonstrateur) relatifs à la matière lue.

Espagnol

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Fiche 45 2002-09-05

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • School and School-Related Administration
CONT

... in 1979 only 7 per cent of the total time spent by students at terminals was accounted for by tutorial programs : this works out at an average of 4 minutes of computer-assisted learning a year for each enrolled student.

OBS

enrollment: the process of entrance into a school, college, university, or course that eventuates in the act of writing the student’s name on the roll, register, or files of the institution.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Administration scolaire et parascolaire
DEF

Personne qui a fait son inscription à un programme d'études ou à des cours dans un établissement d'enseignement.

OBS

Termes recommandés et en instance de normalisation par l'Office de la langue française.

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Administración escolar y paraescolar
Conserver la fiche 45

Fiche 46 2002-07-25

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • International Bodies and Committees
  • Education (General)
OBS

Advanced Study Institutes(ASIs) are high-level tutorial courses of two weeks duration where a subject is treated in depth by lecturers of international standing. Presentations are made to about 100 scientists or research students already specialized in the field, or who have an advanced general scientific background. Suitably-qualified scientists wishing to attend an ASI should apply to the Co-Directors of the particular ASI.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités internationaux
  • Pédagogie (Généralités)
OBS

Les cours d'été (ASI) sont des réunions de formation de haut niveau d'une durée de deux semaines où des conférenciers de réputation internationale approfondissent une question donnée. Rassemblant une centaine de participants, ils s'adressent à des scientifiques et à des jeunes chercheurs déjà spécialistes du domaine considéré ou d'un niveau général élevé. Les scientifiques qualifiés qui souhaitent participer à un cours d'été doivent adresser leur demande aux co-directeurs du cours d'été en question.

Espagnol

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Fiche 47 2002-06-03

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Provincial Government Bodies and Committees (Canadian)
  • Continuing Education
OBS

Manitoba Department of Education, Training and Youth. Adult Literacy and Continuing Education develops, co-ordinates and funds community-based literacy programs and workplace-based skills training in cooperation with community groups, industry and labour. Funds Adult Learning Centres which provide programming that leads towards the attainment of senior 1 to senior 4 credits, including related literacy and tutorial supports to attain these credits, and high school completion.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes et comités de gouvernements provinciaux canadiens
  • Éducation permanente
OBS

Du ministère de l'Éducation, de la Formation professionnelle et de la Jeunesse du Manitoba. Alphabétisation des adultes et éducation permanente : conception, coordination et financement des programmes communautaires d'alphabétisation, et des programmes de formation en milieu de travail en coopération avec les groupes communautaires, les entreprises et les syndicats. Subventions aux centres d'apprentissage pour adultes, lesquels offrent des programmes menant à l'obtention de crédits du secondaire 1 au secondaire 4, y compris des services d'alphabétisation et de tutorat permettant d'obtenir ces crédits, et à l'obtention du diplôme d'études secondaires.

Espagnol

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Fiche 48 2001-08-24

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Audio Technology
  • Audiovisual Techniques and Equipment
CONT

This tutorial is for a single session burn of a CD-ROM.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Électroacoustique
  • Audiovisuel (techniques et équipement)
CONT

session : type de processus associé au CD : session simple ou multi-session.

Espagnol

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Fiche 49 1999-05-27

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Philosophy (General)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
CONT

In much earlier tutorial dialogue research(such as in Socratic teaching dialogues...), very little autonomy was given to the learner in terms of the range of responses available, and the possibility of pursuing their own independent learning goals.

OBS

A device used in decision counselling process.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • socratic dialog

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Philosophie (Généralités)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente
CONT

Le dialogue philosophique en tant que genre littéraire, est issu de l'enseignement de Socrate. (...) On distingue trois groupes de dialogues. 1. Les dialogues de jeunesse, ou dialogues socratiques, encore tout près de l'enseignement de Socrate, contiennent des discussions vives, tournant autour d'une définition (...)

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 49

Fiche 50 1999-04-28

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Education Theory and Methods
DEF

a series of questions of the same sort for a student to practise on.

CONT

In a drill a selection of questions or problems is presented repeatedly until the student answers or solves them all at some predetermined level of proficiency.

CONT

... drills ... are necessary for learning information in which fluency is required, such as basic math skills, foreign language, spelling, usage, and vocabulary. ... Drills are not intended to teach ... [but] must be preceded by instructional methodologies that present the information and guide the student through initial learning.

CONT

Generative systems are oriented towards providing a drill rather than a tutorial, and therefore do not compete with... the bulk of branching programs.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
OBS

Le terme «drill» est un anglicisme d'origine militaire [...] utilisé en pédagogie depuis les années 1960, dans le sens d'exercice d'automatisation, d'entraînement intensif, d'activité de consolidation.

Espagnol

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Fiche 51 1999-04-28

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Education Theory and Methods
CONT

Drill-and-practice and tutorial efforts involve the construction of frames of questions with anticipated correct and wrong answers and, perhaps, keywords to be extracted from the student's answer.

CONT

... imagine that ... the student is to attempt the diagnosis while MYCIN looks over his shoulder. The simplest way to do this would be to change MYCIN so that it selected a case .. and then asked the student to diagnose it. MYCIN could subreptitiously complete a diagnosis itself ... and at the end of the session indicate whether it agrees with the student’s verdict. This is a drill-and-practice.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • drill-and-practice exercise

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
CONT

Les didacticiels spécifiques [...] utilisent, tour à tour, la présentation d'informations, des questionnaires variés, des jeux de découverte, des exercices d'entraînement et de répétition....

CONT

Dans l'enseignement assisté par ordinateur, un exercice d'entraînement s'appuie sur les résultats au prétest d'un élève pour lui prescrire des problèmes qui correspondent bien à son niveau de développement.

Espagnol

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Fiche 52 1999-04-27

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
DEF

[An] expert system that interacts with a person in the style of giving advice rather that in the style of dictating commands. Generally advisory systems have mechanisms for explaining their advice and for allowing their users to interact at a detail level comfortable to the user.

CONT

The National Research Council of Canada in collaboration with Université Laval, the University of Leeds and System OID Inc., has underway the development of an advisor to support the user of computer-based design tools. [It] is to be capable of three modes of operation : In reactive mode, it will offer meaningful responses to user questions; in proactive mode, it will monitor the user and intervene with suggestions to assist the user achieve the indicated goal; in the tutorial mode it will provide a guided instruction to the system for the neophyte user.

CONT

The SCENT Advisor. - SCENT is a programming advising system which facilitates the study of various aspects of the advising process.

OBS

advisory system: term standardized by ISO/IEC and CSA.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
CONT

La société américaine Human Edge Software va mettre sur le marché des systèmes «conseillers» pour l'éducation des enfants, les relations avec les adolescents et les personnes âgées ou les rapports conjugaux. «La validité du conseil donné par l'ordinateur [...] dépendra de l'honnêteté et de la précision avec lesquelles l'utilisateur fournira les informations au système.»

OBS

système-conseil; système d'orientation : termes normalisés par ISO/CEI et la CSA.

Espagnol

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Fiche 53 1999-02-05

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
  • Software
DEF

... a class or category of instructional plans which all teach by the same method or style of instruction. Examples of tutorial strategies include expository, case-method, exploratory, or Socratic question and answer.

CONT

The tutorial strategy of a teaching program is that part of it which decides what to do next. It may range from simply following a sequence of actions which have been pre-specified by the author or the teaching program, as in linear programming, to executing a complex decision procedure which attempts to take into account a student model and the course objectives.

CONT

Motivational responses may include encouragement, congratulations, challenges, and other statements with affective or perlocutionary content. ... the current tutoring strategy specifies which of these feedback and follow-up responses will be generated.

CONT

The resultant analysis is used to select between three types of tutorial strategies : correction, confirmation and coaching.

CONT

An ITS [Intelligent Tutoring System] will have a well-articulated curriculum embodied in its domain expertise and an explicit theory of instruction represented by its tutoring strategies.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • tutorial reasoning strategy

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente
  • Logiciels
DEF

Ensemble de procédures déterminées par le module pédagogique à partir des connaissances sur l'apprenant, afin d'aider ce dernier à former, à tester des hypothèses, à organiser ses connaissances pour les étendre à des nouvelles situations et à faire des prédictions justes sur des cas nouveaux.

CONT

[...] de tels programmes [à vocation pédagogique] devraient posséder une théorie explicite des stratégies tutorielles qu'ils utilisent (non enfouies dans les connaissances du domaine d'enseignement). Ces stratégies devraient être applicables à plusieurs domaines.

Espagnol

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Fiche 54 1999-01-21

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Education Theory and Methods
CONT

Instructional computers are basically used in one of two ways-they either provide a straightforward presentation of data or they fill a tutorial role where the student is tested on his or her comprehension.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques

Espagnol

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Fiche 55 1999-01-14

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
CONT

The tutor's only use of the diagnosis... is to help select [the] next action. This perspective tempts us to view the diagnostic component of the tutor as a mechanism for mapping tutorial situations onto instructional actions....

CONT

Once a possible need for information has been identified, the diagnoser will have to explain it in terms of either a lack of knowledge or a misconception on the part of the user. ... If the diagnoser does find such an explanation, a formal description of the current user need is sent to the coach, who will plan an intervention to meet this need....

CONT

The function of the diagnostic component of an intelligent tutoring system is to test whether the expectations presupposed by the tutor’s current plan are consistent with its current model of the student.

OBS

Component of the pedagogical module that provides the student model.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente
DEF

Module d'un système expert [ou didacticiel intelligent] qui prévoit et détecte les pannes [erreurs] ou analyse le fonctionnement d'un équipement quelconque [ou le comportement d'un étudiant].

CONT

Un module de diagnostic et de modélisation. Ce module doit permettre, en liaison avec le module [de l'élève idéal], un repérage et une interprétation des erreurs des élèves. Ces erreurs seront mises en relation avec les concepts du domaine et permettront une mise à jour du modèle cognitif de l'élève.

Espagnol

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Fiche 56 1997-12-01

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Software
  • Information Processing (Informatics)
CONT

Articulate facts and strategies that vary from expert knowledge ... (misconceptions and procedural errors).

CONT

If the computer has a tutorial program, the student is asked a question by the computer, the student types in an answer, and then gets an immediate response to the answer. If the answer is correct, the student is routed to more challenging problems; if the answer is incorrect, various computer messages will indicate the flaw in procedure, and the program will bypass more complicated questions until the student shows mastery in that area.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Logiciels
  • Traitement de l'information (Informatique)
DEF

erreur due à un défaut de conception du problème.

CONT

La détection des erreurs, des oublis et autres vices de raisonnement plus importants (que l'on rassemble sous le doux nom de bogues) n'est qu'une partie du problème; [...]

OBS

faille : Point faible, défaut, manque de cohérence dans un raisonnement [...]

Espagnol

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Soporte lógico (Software)
  • Tratamiento de la información (Informática)
Conserver la fiche 56

Fiche 57 1997-10-23

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Computers and Calculators
  • School Equipment
  • Artificial Intelligence
CONT

Instructional computers are basically used in one of two ways-they either provide a straightforward presentation of data or they fill a tutorial role where the student is tested on his or her comprehension.

CONT

Teaching computers are basically all-electronic, with no moving parts - other than electrons - and are easy to mass produce. They cost little more than the raw materials of which they are made, and they have the great advantage of being extremely reliable.

CONT

One of the more difficult aspects of instructional computers is the availability and development of software, or computer programs.

CONT

[The Commodore Pet 4032 is] marketed as a scientific and educational computer; can support up to 15 different peripherals.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Ordinateurs et calculateurs
  • Matériel et équipement scolaires
  • Intelligence artificielle
CONT

Ordinateur éducatif intelligent.

CONT

Plus de vingt terminaux sont reliés à un gros ordinateur spécifiquement dédié à l'enseignement.

Espagnol

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Fiche 58 1997-03-17

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Titles of Monographs
  • Various Military Titles
OBS

Department of National Defence, Directorate Continuous Learning Strategies, January 1994. An easy-to-use diskette-based tutorial which includes examples of costing training.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Titres de monographies
  • Appellations militaires diverses
OBS

Ministère de la Défense nationale, Direction Stratégies d'apprentissage permanent, janvier 1994. Guide d'initiation convivial sur disquette comprenant des exemples des coûts de la formation.

Espagnol

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Fiche 59 1995-06-08

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
CONT

The instructional experiments embodied in the variations of the system's parameters revolve around four distinct tutorial goals : 1. to increase the number of students completing the session; 2. to improve their scores on the post-test; 3. to decrease the time taken by students to learn all four rules and their combinations; 4. to decrease the computer time used in the process.

CONT

The point of t-rules based on tutoring goals is to actively seize the initiative to present specific rules and relations among them, for the purpose of maximizing the amount of information provided to the student, within reasonable bounds.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente
OBS

But pédagogique du module tuteur.

Espagnol

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Fiche 60 1995-06-08

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
CONT

In an ICAI program the tutoring rules that an author uses to create these pattern are defined in the knowledge base, and the program generates the instructional sequence in response to student questions or mistakes.

CONT

The main component of the tutor module (GUIDON) is a collection of tutoring rules, hereafter called t-rules, for carrying on a dialogue, including methods for providing assistance, maintaining a student knowledge model, responding to his initiative, and so on.

CONT

The tutoring rules were derived directly from a consensus of eleven teachers experienced in the precise scope of the program.

CONT

T-rules are grouped into rule packets, each specific to a tutorial goal.... There are two types of t-rule packets : t-rules for selecting a discourse procedure and t-rules for modeling belief.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle

Espagnol

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Fiche 61 1995-06-08

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
CONT

Tutorial expertise must include information about specific misconceptions people often develop in a particular domain, as well as processes and strategies to handle them. Indeed, many misconceptions are domain-specific and shared by many individuals, and this speaks in favor of a model-driven approach to diagnosis. But misconceptions present common patterns and thus can often be traced to deeper misconceptions, like overgeneralizations or cheap metaphors. This could warrant a more data-driven approach. At any rate, each type of conceptual error must be approached with a specific strategy, and this knowledge must be part of the tutor. Knowledge about misconceptions must be coupled with a powerful diagnostic process, since there is no simple mapping between misconceptions and surface manifestations.

CONT

Experiments trying to prove the efficiency of some tutoring strategy across the curriculum have generally showed that tutoring knowledge is partially domain-specific.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente
OBS

Expertise pédagogique du module tuteur.

Espagnol

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Fiche 62 1995-06-08

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Education Theory and Methods
CONT

A tutorial dialogue should be concerned with the communication of intentions and beliefs, the recognition and repair of error and the construction of a satisfactorily completed episode in a learning process.

CONT

... let us list some of the characteristics of a tutorial dialogue... : The language used by both participants is a natural one, such as English.... Both participants can ask questions at any time... The questions asked may require some computation or reasoning before a sensible answer can be given. The topic of conversation can be changed on either participant's initiative....

CONT

This paper reports work on development of a new model for computer generation of tutorial dialogues, which aims to teach skills in critical argument. A set of dialogue moves are used to generate sustained tutorial dialogues which share many common characteristics with argument, explanation, critiquing and Socratic tutoring, integrated within an ITS [Intelligent Tutoring System] architecture.

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • tutorial dialog
  • tutoring dialog

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques

Espagnol

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Fiche 63 1995-05-30

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Education Theory and Methods
CONT

During the tutorial session, GUIDON maintains a record of the communication between tutor and student.

CONT

The tutor selects a response based on what it knows about the student's knowledge and shared goals for the tutorial session.

CONT

GUIDON uses a "closed world" model where all objects, attributes and values that are relevant to a case are determined before the tutorial session begins.

CONT

XTRA-TE handles unknown words very intelligently and students have access to an on-line English-Chinese dictionary during the tutoring session.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 63

Fiche 64 1995-05-15

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
CONT

Collins’ set of tutorial rules was used to construct an experimental Socratic tutoring system for rainfall processes called WHY(Stevens and Collins, 1977). In this system, the domain knowledge is no longer contained in a semantic net, which would not be very fit for the representation of processes. Instead, the knowledge about rainfall is stored in a hierarchy of scripts that represent stereotypical sequences of events. These fixed sequences are to capture both the temporal and the causal relations between events in a way that is easily amenable to inspection. The generation of questions and the evaluation of the student's answers are based on these scripts. The nested nature of the script hierarchy provides an organized view of the knowledge, with more general scripts giving overall sequences of events and more detailed scripts accounting for intermediate causal chains relating these events. The system can exploit this hierarchy to cover the subject starting from a general understanding and moving toward a more and more detailed description of the process.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente
OBS

qui évoque le dialogue socratique.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 64

Fiche 65 1995-04-10

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
CONT

Developing one-to-one machine tutors is not a straightforward process ... it requires reasoning about natural language processing, knowledge representation, diagnosis and causal modeling. The tutor must perform qualitative processing, planning and plan recognition and should recognize the student’s intentions, the pedagogical constraints in effect, and finally, the linguistic and pragmatic considerations that need to be handled.

CONT

Consider how much more difficult it would be to play the piano, if the player were guided by a screen on which the notes were projected one at a time, at the rate at which the piece should be played. The situation of the one-on-one tutor is similar. The tutor is following the learner, trying to respond to each action or performance or utterance with the right tutorial action.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 65

Fiche 66 1995-03-28

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
CONT

Open ended exploration mode : the student can build circuits and experiment with them while still receiving tutorial assistance, explanations, and demonstrations from the system.

CONT

Open-ended Exploration. Students can construct circuits, explore their behavior (by changing the states of devices, inserting faults and adding or deleting components), and request explanations for the observed behaviors. Students can thus create their own problems and experiment with circuits. The system thereby permits an open-ended exploratory learning strategy.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente
CONT

Les fonctions d'accès à l'information permettent à un utilisateur, dans un premier temps, de se familiariser avec certains aspects du domaine. Cette première partie de la démarche est l'exploration libre, par opposition à l'exploration structurée, caractérisée par une approche plus systématique face aux différentes connaissances.

CONT

Exploration libre en vue d'identifier les objets et les variables du domaine d'étude.

Espagnol

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Fiche 67 1995-02-03

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • School Equipment
CONT

Expert assistance is manifested in a variety of ways: user-invoked help, examples and advice and system-invoked expertise.

CONT

... substantial progress is being made toward the intertwined goals of understanding how human tutors function and building a computer-based system that can give intelligent tutorial aid to a student.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Matériel et équipement scolaires

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 67

Fiche 68 1994-12-16

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Personnel and Job Evaluation
  • Examinations and Competitions (Education)
CONT

Some fuzzy decisions can be clarified by the availability of historical data. For example the tutor often needs to discriminate "slips" from true knowledge deficits, as a less intrusive tutorial response is made for slips. This inference can be made easily when historical performance data is available.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Évaluation du personnel et des emplois
  • Docimologie

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 68

Fiche 69 1994-12-16

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Education Theory and Methods
CONT

... students should be given immediate feedback about their errors. This will make it easier for the students to integrate the instruction about errors into the new production that they form.

CONT

Upon reacting, the student is provided with immediate feedback - i.e., he is told the correctness of his answer.

CONT

If the computer has a tutorial program, the student is asked a question by the computer, the student types in an answer, and then gets an immediate response to the answer.... There are many advantages to using computers. They provide one-to-one interaction with a student, as well as an instantaneous response to the answers elicited.

CONT

... immediate feedback may cause interference between correct and incorrect responses, whereas the latter may tend to be forgotten if the feedback is delayed.

OBS

Information on Performance. Feedback is the information a person receives regarding how well he is performing a given task. ... Experimental evidence has indicated that the value of feedback is directly related to the time interval between the performance and receipt of information about the performance. The sooner information is given to the person performing a task, the more likely that person can improve his performance.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
CONT

[...] un élève apprend mieux lorsqu'il peut confirmer sa réponse immédiatement. Ceci peut être appelé le principe de la confirmation immédiate.

CONT

L'apprenant, lorsqu'il entre sa réponse, reçoit une "correction" immédiate, le temps de réaction est, selon les systèmes, généralement inférieur à la seconde. Cette correction, ce feed-back lui annoncera soit que sa réponse est correcte, soit qu'elle est erronée et dans ce cas [...], l'ordinateur proposera une sollicitation appropriée, un commentaire et une variété de branchements (...) selon sa puissance d'analyse et de traitement des réponses.

CONT

Enseignement assisté par ordinateur. [...] Utilisation d'un ordinateur [...] pour présenter les matériels d'enseignement. Ce système permet la rétro-information immédiate, la mise au point d'un système de travail particulier, les dérivations et la mise en archives.

Espagnol

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Fiche 70 1994-12-12

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Software
  • Education (General)
CONT

When to End a Lesson. A tutorial may be ended either temporarily, such as when the student must leave but intends to return later, or permanently, when all required parts have been completed.... Ending a lesson does not mean that the student must leave the lesson. Rather, it means that the student has completed all the requirements of the program and probably should go on to something new.

OBS

See also "temporary ending."

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Logiciels
  • Pédagogie (Généralités)
CONT

Si le logiciel s'utilise en plusieurs étapes consécutives, il se révèle nécessaire d'offrir à l'élève la possibilité de suspendre temporairement l'exécution du logiciel ou de sortir du logiciel en tout temps et de revenir à la dernière situation d'apprentissage.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 70

Fiche 71 1994-11-17

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Examinations and Competitions (Education)
  • Software
CONT

Most morphology software is of the tutorial and practice variety : students learn or review a lesson before turning to fill-in-the-blank or multiple-choice exercises.

CONT

For many years, the role of the computer in language instruction has been mainly seen as a drill-and-practice tool, with restricted exercise formats (e.g. fill-in-the-blank, multiple-choice, vocabulary recognition).

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Docimologie
  • Logiciels
CONT

Les générateurs d'exercices [...] permettent de créer facilement des questionnaires à choix multiples ou des exercices à trous.

CONT

Les étudiants, intéressés par la conception de didacticiels, [...] pourraient être formés à quelques langages ou systèmes auteur destinés à écrire des didacticiels. Cet enseignement leur donnerait [...] tous les principes d'interactivité utilisables dans des didacticiels de langue : exercice à trous, phrases et mots à compléter, choix de mots, désignation d'objets, construction de terminaison...

CONT

Typologie d'exercices [...] Selon le type d'entrée-clavier. Une deuxième classification peut se faire en considérant la manière dont l'apprenant communiquera sa réponse et la forme linguistique que l'on sollicite l'apprenant à produire. [...] Exercices contraignants : questions à choix multiples (Q.C.M.); réponses vrai/faux; exercices à trous; exercices de closure; réponse en un seul mot [...]

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 71

Fiche 72 1994-11-03

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Software
  • School Equipment
CONT

For a permanent ending [of the tutorial], data may need to be stored for two purposes : to provide information for the instructor, and to guide sequencing in future lessons.... A permanent ending may provide some statement of transition into the lesson or lessons that will follow.... More commonly, when a tutorial is about to end permanently, it provides summary statements about the information in the lesson.... When ending temporarily or permanently, a lesson should always make clear that the student is leaving the program.

OBS

As opposed to "temporary ending" or "temporary termination."

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Logiciels
  • Matériel et équipement scolaires

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 72

Fiche 73 1994-10-06

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Education Theory and Methods
CONT

Subsequent Attempts. After a response error and feedback, the student may be given another chance to answer the question. Tutorials vary widely in this regard, from allowing just one try to requiring the student to try until correct.... Tutorials should... give the student more than one attempt at questions.... A tutorial should give the correct answer after a reasonable number of attempts(about three), or should permit a key press to request the answer.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 73

Fiche 74 1994-06-09

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
CONT

The advisor module does not have any tutorial strategies; it intervenes each time the student has not, chosen the optimal move according to the expert's classification. Associated with each move category and with each rule is a specific set of explanations that are delivered to the student. The advisor does not maintain a(student model), and players are simply requested to rate themselves on a four-point scale at the beginning of the game. The rudimentary form of self-evaluation influences the kind of explanations given, and leads to the suppression of some(expert rules) thereby preventing beginners from being flooded with advanced material.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
OBS

module conseiller : par analogie avec «système conseiller» (Q2360, 1987, page 43).

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 74

Fiche 75 1994-05-27

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
CONT

Hartley and Sleeman’s prestructured systems correspond to Carbonell’s frame-oriented ones. But between traditional CAl and ITS, they see the intermediate type of generative systems which are programmed to generate tasks by piercing problems together in a simple way.

CONT

The potential advantages of generative systems are : (a) They provide an unlimited resource of teaching material; (b) the store occupied by teaching material is reduced; (c) they can provide as many problems as the student needs to achieve some level of competence....

CONT

Generative systems are oriented towards providing a drill rather than a tutorial, and therefore do not compete with... the bulk of branching programs.

CONT

SCHOLAR is a generative system, in that it constructs questions and responses from the information it has stored and does not have them pre-specified....

CONT

TRIP ... is, to some extent, a generative system in that new problems can be created by editing the template for trainwreck (and other) problems - the new problem would inherit the properties of all collision problems.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente
OBS

Comparer à tutoriel génératif.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 75

Fiche 76 1993-05-17

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Internet and Telematics
  • Computer Peripheral Equipment
DEF

Method of communication between a terminal and a central processor in which each entry causes an action but does not necessarily generate an immediate (interactive) response to the terminal.

CONT

The ADVISOR is to be capable of three modes of operation:: In reactive mode, it will offer meaningful responses to user questions; ...

OBS

Compare with "tutorial mode".

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Internet et télématique
  • Périphériques (Informatique)

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 76

Fiche 77 1993-01-04

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Organizations, Administrative Units and Committees
OBS

Purposes are to : provide a forum for the cooperation of the arts, sciences, and technologies with the professions of law, medicine, and education in the study of human development; promote the research, diagnosis, and remedy of learning and other disabilities; encourage the dissemination of knowledge in all fields of human perception, communication, and behavior. Maintains Diagnostic Learning and Tutorial Center to provide services for individuals with learning handicaps and development disabilities, including a Psycho-physiological and EEG Research Laboratory. Absorbed Sensory and Perceptual Research Laboratory

Terme(s)-clé(s)
  • Sensory and Perceptual Research Laboratory
  • Diagnostic Learning and Tutorial Center

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Organismes, unités administratives et comités

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 77

Fiche 78 1989-09-25

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
CONT

Instruction has goals. In general, goals can be achieved either through intentional planning activities, by which one gains control over the environment, or through the recognition of opportunities presented by the environment's resources. Most of the time, goals are best achieved by an appropriate combination of both styles. Hence, in attaining teaching goals and in generating subgoals, opportunistic and plan-based contexts define a range of pedagogical styles that vary in the system's control over the shape of the tutorial sequence. In turn, the degree of this control determines different triggering contexts for didactic operations and suggests different roles for diagnosis and didactics.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente
OBS

Déterminé par le type de stratégie pédagogique (opportuniste ou à base de plans). Ainsi, les stratégies opportunistes exploitent les conditions favorables créées par le dialogue avec l'étudiant. Les activités et énoncés de celui-ci permettent au système d'orienter le diagnostic et le contenu des interventions tutorielles. D'autre part, les stratégies de planification didactique permettent au système de planifier les événements à apprendre, tant au niveau local, individuel, qu'à un niveau global et ce, même lorsque l'étudiant peut réagir librement. Mentionnons aussi les contextes pédagogiques mixtes basés sur des contextes opportunistes et planifiés, imbriqués.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 78

Fiche 79 1989-09-25

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
CONT

A curriculum is quite clearly a plan. Even a local explanation can be considered a plan. A nontrivial explanation is a plan, a kind of mini-curriculum, for leading the student along a local learning path. A didactic operation can generate diagnostic expectations. AI research on planning distinguishes situations in which the actual effects of operation in an didactic episode can be accurately predicted from those in which they cannot, and in which the execution of a plan requires some monitoring (Charniak and Mc Dermott, 1986).

OBS

Strategies of knowledge communication must involve constant revision and adaptation and must interleave diagnosis with planned action. Diagnostic expectations that articulate goals and possible outcomes can be both local, monitoring the unfolding of the plan, and global, building up a long-term context and creating continuity throughout the tutorial session.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 79

Fiche 80 1989-09-25

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
DEF

A general formatism for a more articulate representation of expertise in conducting tutorial dialogues. Recently introduced by the designers of MENO-TUTOR.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente
OBS

Voir gestion du discours.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 80

Fiche 81 1989-09-25

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
CONT

The stratagem used in GUIDON is to compile tutorial strategies into didactic packages that are domain-independent, but are specialized to a specific representational scheme for the target expertise. Didactic strategies can thus use the representational syntax as an anchor into the domain. We have noted the methodological importance of this approach in motivating the formation of abstractions.

OBS

See expert system shell.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente
DEF

Système essentiel d'un didacticiel intelligent, progiciel relativement indépendant du domaine à enseigner.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 81

Fiche 82 1989-09-25

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
DEF

Design process by which the didactic module is built around the diagnostic one.

CONT

Opportunistic pedagogical strategies favor a diagnosis-driven process where the monitored activities provide a focus for both diagnostic and didactic activities, but diagnosis is the driving force in that it reveals opportunities for tutorial interventions. Indeed, pedagogical goals are associated with diagnostic units such as issues or rules, and their attainment is monitored by differential modeling. Thus the extent to which tutoring is possible is determined by diagnosis, both quantitatively(the proportion of opportunities that are recognised) and qualitatively(the precision with which the reason for each intervention is identified).

OBS

Contrast with didactics-driver design.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 82

Fiche 83 1989-06-13

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
CONT

For improvements to be possible, not only is it necessary to have an explicit and modular representation of the strategies, but the tutorial objectives must also be clearly defined.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente
OBS

Objectif pédagogique du module tuteur.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 83

Fiche 84 1989-06-13

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
CONT

The first version of the expert-based coach WUSOR-I(Stansfield, Carr, and Goldstein, 1976) consists solely of an expert and an advisor. In the "expert", the domain knowledge is represented in the form of production rules... organized into "specialists" for each danger, which cooperate to classify all possible moves and select the best ones. So as always to play from the student's point of view, the expert keeps a record of the information gathered so far. The advisor module does not have any tutorial strategies; it intervenes each time the student has not chosen the optimal move according to the expert's classification. The advisor does not maintain a student model.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 84

Fiche 85 1989-05-30

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
CONT

For occasions when a student wants to understand the structure of a control component in details, STEAMER has a facility called the feedback minilab(Forbus, 1984a), where simulated devices can be assembled and tested. On the minilab's screen, the student has a menu of icons representing abstract functions typical of control devices, such as measuring subcomponents or comparators. She can select these abstract components and assemble them on the screen to construct her own control devices. The minilab is then able to generate code from subcomponent specifications to produce a simulation program for the device. Hence, once a controller has been constructed graphically in this way, it can be integrated into a simulation so that its effects on the embedding system can be observed. As implemented, the minilab has limited tutorial capabilities : it can critique the student's device by locating common bugs and recognizing some instances of known devices. Its pedagogical significance lies in its definition of abstract components in terms that allows simulated devices to be built. It is very important for students to acquire this vocabulary of functional abstractions, and the minilab helps root the abstractions’ meaning in direct experiments.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 85

Fiche 86 1989-05-29

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Continuing Education
CONT

Like Cabonnell, SOPHIE's designers John Seely Brown and Richard Burton were originally interested in tutorial dialogues and their first project as a team at UCI1 is a "question-answering system for mixed-initiative CAI"(Brown et al., 1973).

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle
  • Éducation permanente
OBS

Voir EAO et coopératif.

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 86

Fiche 87 1988-04-05

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Artificial Intelligence
OBS

Brown J. S., Burton R(1975) "Multiple Representations of Knowledge for tutorial reasoning", in Bobrow Collins(eds), Representation and Understanding.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Intelligence artificielle

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 87

Fiche 88 1985-08-05

Anglais

Subject field(s)
  • Education Theory and Methods
DEF

Method of instruction in which one student or a small group receives personal guidance and instruction from a tutor or instructor. The tutorial system is student-centred rather than subject-centred and is a descendant of the Socratic method.

Français

Domaine(s)
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques

Espagnol

Conserver la fiche 88

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