TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... as a tutorial mechanism, [the computer-assisted instruction system] can form models of both the students’ states of knowledge and their reasoning strategy. These structural models are used both to identify fundamental misconceptions and to determine when and how to provide remediation, heuristic recommendations("hints"), or further instruction.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - remediation

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Without some reasoning about the student’s intentions and some appropriate remediation, effective teaching does not take place.  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - remediation

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Activité aidant les élèves à s'améliorer à la suite d'une évaluation formative en fin d'apprentissage.  2, fiche 1, Français, - rem%C3%A9diation

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Quant aux messages d'aide, ils ont été libellés en français afin d'assurer une remédiation non équivoque.  1, fiche 1, Français, - rem%C3%A9diation

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Inferring a general concept description from examples and optionally, counterexamples, of that concept. A form of inductive learning.  3, fiche 2, Anglais, - learning%20by%20examples

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Example-driven Learning. Alternatively, students can be presented with tutorial demonstrations for solving example problems by simply asking the system to reason out loud about a given circuit using its present, qualitative, causal mode. Students can thus hear explanations of how to solve each type of problem in the series, followed by opportunities to solve similar problems. Since the focus is on presenting examples together with explanations prior to practice in problem solving, we term this learning strategy "example-driven".  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - learning%20by%20examples

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Teachers and students alike agree that one of the best kinds of learning is learning by example. The best teachers do not present more facts and directions to students, but motivate their presentations by supplying illustrative examples for each concept to be learned.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - learning%20by%20examples

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Stratégie d'apprentissage dans laquelle le système présente d'abord à l'apprenant des exemples de problèmes et la façon de les résoudre, avant de le laisser se mesurer à des exercices.  6, fiche 2, Français, - apprentissage%20par%20les%20exemples

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'apprentissage empirique de concept par exemples consiste à élaborer une caractérisation générale d'un concept à partir de descriptions d'exemples et de contre-exemples de ce concept, en appliquant des règles d'inférence inductive et sans utiliser de connaissances spécifiques au domaine.  4, fiche 2, Français, - apprentissage%20par%20les%20exemples

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'apprentissage par des exemples [...]. Celui qui apprend doit généraliser à partir d'exemples, qui sont d'habitude préparés par un enseignant. C'est la forme la plus activement étudiée d'apprentissage automatique.  2, fiche 2, Français, - apprentissage%20par%20les%20exemples

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Existen varios métodos para realizar aprendizaje mecánico; como son: el aprendizaje basado en ejemplos (a partir de muchos ejemplos se obtiene la capacidad de decidir cuándo un caso es o no un ejemplo del concepto aprendido) y el aprendizaje basado en generalización (con un ejemplo y usando conocimiento sobre el dominio se induce una regla general, o sea, se construye una formulación general del concepto a aprender).  1, fiche 2, Espagnol, - aprendizaje%20basado%20en%20ejemplos

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A tutorial strategy which] is selected when the student... has very little knowledge about the concepts. The tutor will start to explain the error, such as subject-verb agreement, and assign appropriate exercises.  4, fiche 3, Anglais, - coaching

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Computer-assisted learning may be able to provide the extra guidance and remediation which an under-achieving child needs.  5, fiche 3, Anglais, - coaching

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Coaching differs from other tutoring situations like mixed-initiative dialogues in that the student is always in complete control of the activity. The problem of responding correctly to the student is replaced by that of interrupting [him/her] at the right time with the right comments.  6, fiche 3, Anglais, - coaching

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

See also "mixed-initiative dialogue" and "strict monitoring" which are other forms of strategy.  7, fiche 3, Anglais, - coaching

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Stratégie tutorielle appliquée lorsqu'un apprenant a une connaissance assez élémentaire des concepts à étudier. Le système tutoriel explique systématiquement les erreurs et propose des exercices de base appropriés.  3, fiche 3, Français, - guidage

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il est possible et parfois souhaitable que l'enseignant puisse modifier l'encadrement didactique du didacticiel. L'intensité de l'encadrement didactique peut varier selon le degré d'indépendance qu'on veut bien laisser à l'élève dans son cheminement à travers le didacticiel.  2, fiche 3, Français, - guidage

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a class or category of instructional plans which all teach by the same method or style of instruction. Examples of tutorial strategies include expository, case-method, exploratory, or Socratic question and answer.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - tutoring%20strategy

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The tutorial strategy of a teaching program is that part of it which decides what to do next. It may range from simply following a sequence of actions which have been pre-specified by the author or the teaching program, as in linear programming, to executing a complex decision procedure which attempts to take into account a student model and the course objectives.  4, fiche 4, Anglais, - tutoring%20strategy

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Motivational responses may include encouragement, congratulations, challenges, and other statements with affective or perlocutionary content. ... the current tutoring strategy specifies which of these feedback and follow-up responses will be generated.  5, fiche 4, Anglais, - tutoring%20strategy

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The resultant analysis is used to select between three types of tutorial strategies: correction, confirmation and coaching.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - tutoring%20strategy

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 4 CONT

An ITS [Intelligent Tutoring System] will have a well-articulated curriculum embodied in its domain expertise and an explicit theory of instruction represented by its tutoring strategies.  6, fiche 4, Anglais, - tutoring%20strategy

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble de procédures déterminées par le module pédagogique à partir des connaissances sur l'apprenant, afin d'aider ce dernier à former, à tester des hypothèses, à organiser ses connaissances pour les étendre à des nouvelles situations et à faire des prédictions justes sur des cas nouveaux.  2, fiche 4, Français, - strat%C3%A9gie%20tutorielle

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] de tels programmes [à vocation pédagogique] devraient posséder une théorie explicite des stratégies tutorielles qu'ils utilisent (non enfouies dans les connaissances du domaine d'enseignement). Ces stratégies devraient être applicables à plusieurs domaines.  3, fiche 4, Français, - strat%C3%A9gie%20tutorielle

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tutorial expertise must include information about specific misconceptions people often develop in a particular domain, as well as processes and strategies to handle them. Indeed, many misconceptions are domain-specific and shared by many individuals, and this speaks in favor of a model-driven approach to diagnosis. But misconceptions present common patterns and thus can often be traced to deeper misconceptions, like overgeneralizations or cheap metaphors. This could warrant a more data-driven approach. At any rate, each type of conceptual error must be approached with a specific strategy, and this knowledge must be part of the tutor. Knowledge about misconceptions must be coupled with a powerful diagnostic process, since there is no simple mapping between misconceptions and surface manifestations.  5, fiche 5, Anglais, - tutorial%20expertise

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Experiments trying to prove the efficiency of some tutoring strategy across the curriculum have generally showed that tutoring knowledge is partially domain-specific.  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - tutorial%20expertise

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Expertise pédagogique du module tuteur.  1, fiche 5, Français, - expertise%20tutorielle

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol