TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Didactic decisions are made by references to the student model and to the model of domain knowledge. At the global level, these decisions affect the sequences of instructional episodes. ... At the local level, the [didactic] module determines when an intervention is desirable, whether or not the student should be interrupted in an activity, and what could and should be said or presented at any given time.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - instructional%20decision

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Pedagogical decisions are made in the context of an instructional environment that determines the degrees of control over the activity and over the instructional interaction possessed respectively by the tutorial system and by the student.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - instructional%20decision

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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Les systèmes experts [...] constituent [...] le cœur des «tutoriels intelligents», des «systèmes d'aide à la décision pédagogique», des «logiciels conseils d'accès à l'information» [...] mais aussi de plusieurs systèmes d'analyse de la cognition et de l'apprentissage.  1, fiche 1, Français, - d%C3%A9cision%20p%C3%A9dagogique

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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In tutor mode, the tutor works through a problem, step by step, explaining its action, both strategically in terms of its current subgoals and locally in describing the current step. ... As the tutor carries out a demonstration, it explains the actions that it takes at each step in the context of strategic goals....  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - tutorial%20mode

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The ADVISOR is to be capable of three modes of operation :... in the tutorial mode it will provide a guided instruction to the system for the neophyte user.  3, fiche 2, Anglais, - tutorial%20mode

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[The student] ... can call on the tutor to do a problem - this invokes the tutor mode, also called demonstration mode.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - tutorial%20mode

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As opposed to "student mode. See also "proactive mode" and "reactive mode."  4, fiche 2, Anglais, - tutorial%20mode

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See also "proactive mode" and "reactive mode".  4, fiche 2, Anglais, - tutorial%20mode

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

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Mode d'emploi de systèmes ou de programmes informatiques, se présentant le plus souvent sous forme de livre, et, contrairement au manuel de référence, constitué essentiellement d'exercices pratiques et d'exemples d'application.  1, fiche 2, Français, - mode%20tutoriel

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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An action triggered by the didactic module, that is observable by the student.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - tutorial%20intervention

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The didactic operation is more general than a didactic intervention, in that it does not necessarily correspond to actions visible to the student.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - tutorial%20intervention

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Interventions can be either prefabricated (prestored) or tailored to student’s viewpoint (i.e. generated by the system).  4, fiche 3, Anglais, - tutorial%20intervention

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Even if an important issue has been recognized as overlooked in the current move and evaluated as weak in the student model, however, coaching principles can still oppose tutorial intervention, for instance if it would otherwise take place for two moves in a row(didactic source). In general, once an operation has been triggered in a given context, the system must still decide what to do or say, how to do or say it, or even whether to do or say anything at all.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - tutorial%20intervention

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As decompilation reveals the locus of expertise and represents structural and strategic abstractions explicitly, didactic interventions can focus on critical concepts and can describe expertise in general terms rather than problem-specific ones.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - tutorial%20intervention

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Much previous work on ICAI ... has focussed on the "buggy model of learning," in which the computer is supposed to diagnose the student’s incorrect ... operators and direct specific tutorial action to correcting these misconceptions.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - tutorial%20intervention

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

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Suivi de l'apprenant par le module pédagogique.  3, fiche 3, Français, - intervention%20tutorielle

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Selon ce modèle, l'intervention éducative consiste à modifier l'environnement culturel, en y introduisant de nouveaux éléments de construction et en éliminant les éléments nuisibles.  2, fiche 3, Français, - intervention%20tutorielle

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Comparer à opération didactique.  4, fiche 3, Français, - intervention%20tutorielle

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Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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... substantial progress is being made toward the intertwined goals of understanding how human tutors function and building a computer-based system that can give intelligent tutorial aid to a student. Existing computer tutors, such as the FLOW tutor system... are able to perform reasonably, and occasionally brilliantly, in restricted environments.  7, fiche 4, Anglais, - computer%2Dbased%20tutorial%20system

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Computer-based tutorial systems, such as the FLOW tutor, can be evaluated according to their fidelity as a simulation of a human tutor and their function as a tutor.  7, fiche 4, Anglais, - computer%2Dbased%20tutorial%20system

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Computer tutors should know what they teach. ... In addition, it is possible that the tutor could use its own knowledge to generate explanations as appropriate, and could understand a student’s difficulties by some analysis of the knowledge involved.  8, fiche 4, Anglais, - computer%2Dbased%20tutorial%20system

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

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Système informatisé capable de poser un ensemble d'actions personnalisées conduisant un apprenant à atteindre un ou plusieurs objectifs d'enseignement.  2, fiche 4, Français, - tuteur%20informatis%C3%A9

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

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... as a tutorial mechanism, [the computer-assisted instruction system] can form models of both the students’ states of knowledge and their reasoning strategy. These structural models are used both to identify fundamental misconceptions and to determine when and how to provide remediation, heuristic recommendations("hints"), or further instruction.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - remediation

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Without some reasoning about the student’s intentions and some appropriate remediation, effective teaching does not take place.  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - remediation

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

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Activité aidant les élèves à s'améliorer à la suite d'une évaluation formative en fin d'apprentissage.  2, fiche 5, Français, - rem%C3%A9diation

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Quant aux messages d'aide, ils ont été libellés en français afin d'assurer une remédiation non équivoque.  1, fiche 5, Français, - rem%C3%A9diation

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

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[A system that makes] decisions about how, and in what order, programming concepts should be introduced, and attempts to monitor the student’s progress in mastering the new notions.  3, fiche 6, Anglais, - tutoring%20system

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... SCHOLAR was a first attempt to develop a tutorial system to teach "the same way human teachers do. "  4, fiche 6, Anglais, - tutoring%20system

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Work on intelligent tutoring should take its direction from research and theory in psychology, especially cognitive psychology. There is ... a considerable body of knowledge that can be used to guide the construction of tutoring systems....  5, fiche 6, Anglais, - tutoring%20system

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Compare with "coaching system."  6, fiche 6, Anglais, - tutoring%20system

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

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Système de didacticiels qui détermine l'ordre de présentation des concepts d'une programmation et dirige l'étudiant dans son apprentissage.  3, fiche 6, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20tutorat

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Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

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We have developed a multimedia tutorial to present you with the way of using our courses of the Intensive Vocabulary Training System series.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - multimedia%20tutorial

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

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Tutoriel multimédia qui présente les rudiments de la génétique.  1, fiche 7, Français, - tutoriel%20multim%C3%A9dia

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A small independent expert system whose knowledge, accessible for tutorial purposes, concerns the management of a set of hypotheses in a troubleshooting context.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - troubleshooting%20expert

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... the troubleshooting expert reasons qualitatively, making causally meaningful measurements and explaining its strategic decisions as it proceeds.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - troubleshooting%20expert

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

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système expert diagnostiqueur : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie spatiale (CUTS).  5, fiche 8, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20expert%20de%20diagnostic

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The component of an ICAI program that selects the strategies for presenting tutorial information to a student.  7, fiche 9, Anglais, - tutorial%20module

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Tutorial Module. ... The tutor is an agent which can be actively invoked either by the user directly or by the advice module when the latter determines that instruction is likely to be useful. The tutor is composed of 3 components: tutorial rules, a complexity map, and a set of case models.  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - tutorial%20module

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The Tutor Module is in charge of the teaching activities, in particular, selecting an appropriate pedagogical stategy using the information produced by the student model. It plays the roles of tutor, instructor and exercise generator. The pedagogical decisions are made dynamically based on the information from the student model. If the student is very familiar with the materials being taught, he will be given harder exercises to increase his understanding. However, if the student is totally unfamiliar with the concepts, he will be given a tutorial.  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - tutorial%20module

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The tutoring module has two functions: coordination and teaching. The tutoring module receives all the information from the different modules of the ITS and coordinates the overall activity using psycho-pedagogical knowledge.  8, fiche 9, Anglais, - tutorial%20module

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The tutorial expert represents tutorial knowledge... and the ability to use this knowledge, along with the student model, to make pedagogical decisions. It is the control element of the ITS [Intelligent Tutoring System].  5, fiche 9, Anglais, - tutorial%20module

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

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Module d'un système EIAO dont la fonction essentielle est de fournir une réponse à une situation ponctuelle (blocage, erreur ou demande d'aide). Il contribue à la recherche de la meilleure stratégie pédagogique [CTN, Paris, 1991].  3, fiche 9, Français, - module%20tuteur

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Le module tuteur: il fournit la stratégie pédagogique la plus appropriée à la situation actuelle. Il est chargé de choisir le type d'intervention («répéter» par exemple) et le mode d'intervention. La base de faits du tuteur lui permet de conserver la trace des échecs pendant la recherche de la "meilleure" stratégie (journal des règles effectuées) et des règles effectivement appliquées (base des actions effectuées), afin d'être en mesure de mettre à jour le modèle de l'apprenant et la base d'expertise si nécessaire.  1, fiche 9, Français, - module%20tuteur

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Tutored distance self-training. Tutorial system makes up for the self-training's weaknesses(isolation, assimilation of complex concepts,...).  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - tutored%20distance%20self%2Dtraining

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

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La particularité de Teach-line(R) réside dans la conception de dispositifs de formation à distance synchrones qui reproduisent la relation pédagogique face à face. Par une borne de formation interactive à distance, Teach-line(R) propose des sessions de formation et des sessions d'autoformation tutorée à distance.  1, fiche 10, Français, - autoformation%20tutor%C3%A9e%20%C3%A0%20distance

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Inferring a general concept description from examples and optionally, counterexamples, of that concept. A form of inductive learning.  3, fiche 11, Anglais, - learning%20by%20examples

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Example-driven Learning. Alternatively, students can be presented with tutorial demonstrations for solving example problems by simply asking the system to reason out loud about a given circuit using its present, qualitative, causal mode. Students can thus hear explanations of how to solve each type of problem in the series, followed by opportunities to solve similar problems. Since the focus is on presenting examples together with explanations prior to practice in problem solving, we term this learning strategy "example-driven".  2, fiche 11, Anglais, - learning%20by%20examples

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Teachers and students alike agree that one of the best kinds of learning is learning by example. The best teachers do not present more facts and directions to students, but motivate their presentations by supplying illustrative examples for each concept to be learned.  2, fiche 11, Anglais, - learning%20by%20examples

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Français

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Stratégie d'apprentissage dans laquelle le système présente d'abord à l'apprenant des exemples de problèmes et la façon de les résoudre, avant de le laisser se mesurer à des exercices.  6, fiche 11, Français, - apprentissage%20par%20les%20exemples

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L'apprentissage empirique de concept par exemples consiste à élaborer une caractérisation générale d'un concept à partir de descriptions d'exemples et de contre-exemples de ce concept, en appliquant des règles d'inférence inductive et sans utiliser de connaissances spécifiques au domaine.  4, fiche 11, Français, - apprentissage%20par%20les%20exemples

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L'apprentissage par des exemples [...]. Celui qui apprend doit généraliser à partir d'exemples, qui sont d'habitude préparés par un enseignant. C'est la forme la plus activement étudiée d'apprentissage automatique.  2, fiche 11, Français, - apprentissage%20par%20les%20exemples

Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Existen varios métodos para realizar aprendizaje mecánico; como son: el aprendizaje basado en ejemplos (a partir de muchos ejemplos se obtiene la capacidad de decidir cuándo un caso es o no un ejemplo del concepto aprendido) y el aprendizaje basado en generalización (con un ejemplo y usando conocimiento sobre el dominio se induce una regla general, o sea, se construye una formulación general del concepto a aprender).  1, fiche 11, Espagnol, - aprendizaje%20basado%20en%20ejemplos

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The ADVISOR is to be capable of three modes of operation : in reactive mode, it will offer meaningful responses to user questions; in proactive mode, it will monitor the user and intervene with suggestions to assist the user achieve the indicated goal; in the tutorial mode it will provide a guided instruction to the system for the neophyte user.  1, fiche 12, Anglais, - proactive%20mode

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

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Dans le mode proactif, la démarche est inversée [et] c'est l'apprenant qui a l'initiative et qui «interroge» le système d'enseignement. Celui-ci répond aux sollicitations de l'apprenant.  1, fiche 12, Français, - mode%20proactif

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

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If your tutorial is to be accessible from outside your department, then what kind of support are you going to give to people who work through it? You can invite their feedback via e-mail, offer to answer questions related to the material, or, once a common European credit assignment system is in place, convert the tutorial to a full blown course for credit.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - credit%20assignment%20system

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

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Le cours Élaboration d'un portfolio pour la reconnaissance des acquis (RA) est conçu et structuré de manière à donner une introduction positive à la formation de niveau collégial aux apprenants dans le domaine de l'industrie sidérurgique. Le cours fournit un cadre au système de reconnaissance des acquis et offre aux apprenants l'occasion d'identifier, de documenter et de vérifier leurs acquis dans un portfolio.  2, fiche 13, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20reconnaissance%20des%20acquis

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

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[An] expert system that interacts with a person in the style of giving advice rather that in the style of dictating commands. Generally advisory systems have mechanisms for explaining their advice and for allowing their users to interact at a detail level comfortable to the user.  4, fiche 14, Anglais, - advisory%20system

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The National Research Council of Canada in collaboration with Université Laval, the University of Leeds and System OID Inc., has underway the development of an advisor to support the user of computer-based design tools. [It] is to be capable of three modes of operation : In reactive mode, it will offer meaningful responses to user questions; in proactive mode, it will monitor the user and intervene with suggestions to assist the user achieve the indicated goal; in the tutorial mode it will provide a guided instruction to the system for the neophyte user.  2, fiche 14, Anglais, - advisory%20system

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The SCENT Advisor. - SCENT is a programming advising system which facilitates the study of various aspects of the advising process.  2, fiche 14, Anglais, - advisory%20system

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advisory system: term standardized by ISO/IEC and CSA.  5, fiche 14, Anglais, - advisory%20system

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Français

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La société américaine Human Edge Software va mettre sur le marché des systèmes «conseillers» pour l'éducation des enfants, les relations avec les adolescents et les personnes âgées ou les rapports conjugaux. «La validité du conseil donné par l'ordinateur [...] dépendra de l'honnêteté et de la précision avec lesquelles l'utilisateur fournira les informations au système.»  3, fiche 14, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%2Dconseil

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système-conseil; système d'orientation : termes normalisés par ISO/CEI et la CSA.  4, fiche 14, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%2Dconseil

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 15,  Justifications,  Anglais

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A tutorial dialogue should be concerned with the communication of intentions and beliefs, the recognition and repair of error and the construction of a satisfactorily completed episode in a learning process.  2, fiche 15, Anglais, - tutorial%20dialogue

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... let us list some of the characteristics of a tutorial dialogue ... : The language used by both participants is a natural one, such as English ... . Both participants can ask questions at any time ... The questions asked may require some computation or reasoning before a sensible answer can be given. The topic of conversation can be changed on either participant’s initiative....  3, fiche 15, Anglais, - tutorial%20dialogue

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This paper reports work on development of a new model for computer generation of tutorial dialogues, which aims to teach skills in critical argument. A set of dialogue moves are used to generate sustained tutorial dialogues which share many common characteristics with argument, explanation, critiquing and Socratic tutoring, integrated within an ITS [Intelligent Tutoring System] architecture.  2, fiche 15, Anglais, - tutorial%20dialogue

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Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Collins’ set of tutorial rules was used to construct an experimental Socratic tutoring system for rainfall processes called WHY(Stevens and Collins, 1977). In this system, the domain knowledge is no longer contained in a semantic net, which would not be very fit for the representation of processes. Instead, the knowledge about rainfall is stored in a hierarchy of scripts that represent stereotypical sequences of events. These fixed sequences are to capture both the temporal and the causal relations between events in a way that is easily amenable to inspection. The generation of questions and the evaluation of the student's answers are based on these scripts. The nested nature of the script hierarchy provides an organized view of the knowledge, with more general scripts giving overall sequences of events and more detailed scripts accounting for intermediate causal chains relating these events. The system can exploit this hierarchy to cover the subject starting from a general understanding and moving toward a more and more detailed description of the process.  1, fiche 16, Anglais, - Socratic%20tutoring%20system

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qui évoque le dialogue socratique.  1, fiche 16, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20tutoriel%20socratique

Fiche 16,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Open ended exploration mode : the student can build circuits and experiment with them while still receiving tutorial assistance, explanations, and demonstrations from the system.  2, fiche 17, Anglais, - open%2Dended%20exploration

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Open-ended Exploration. Students can construct circuits, explore their behavior (by changing the states of devices, inserting faults and adding or deleting components), and request explanations for the observed behaviors. Students can thus create their own problems and experiment with circuits. The system thereby permits an open-ended exploratory learning strategy.  3, fiche 17, Anglais, - open%2Dended%20exploration

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Français

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Les fonctions d'accès à l'information permettent à un utilisateur, dans un premier temps, de se familiariser avec certains aspects du domaine. Cette première partie de la démarche est l'exploration libre, par opposition à l'exploration structurée, caractérisée par une approche plus systématique face aux différentes connaissances.  1, fiche 17, Français, - exploration%20libre

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Exploration libre en vue d'identifier les objets et les variables du domaine d'étude.  1, fiche 17, Français, - exploration%20libre

Fiche 17,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Expert assistance is manifested in a variety of ways: user-invoked help, examples and advice and system-invoked expertise.  1, fiche 18, Anglais, - expert%20assistance

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... substantial progress is being made toward the intertwined goals of understanding how human tutors function and building a computer-based system that can give intelligent tutorial aid to a student.  2, fiche 18, Anglais, - expert%20assistance

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Fiche 18,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Anglais

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For occasions when a student wants to understand the structure of a control component in details, STEAMER has a facility called the feedback minilab(Forbus, 1984a), where simulated devices can be assembled and tested. On the minilab's screen, the student has a menu of icons representing abstract functions typical of control devices, such as measuring subcomponents or comparators. She can select these abstract components and assemble them on the screen to construct her own control devices. The minilab is then able to generate code from subcomponent specifications to produce a simulation program for the device. Hence, once a controller has been constructed graphically in this way, it can be integrated into a simulation so that its effects on the embedding system can be observed. As implemented, the minilab has limited tutorial capabilities : it can critique the student's device by locating common bugs and recognizing some instances of known devices. Its pedagogical significance lies in its definition of abstract components in terms that allows simulated devices to be built. It is very important for students to acquire this vocabulary of functional abstractions, and the minilab helps root the abstractions’ meaning in direct experiments.  1, fiche 19, Anglais, - feedback%20minilab

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Fiche 19,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 20,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Like Cabonnell, SOPHIE's designers John Seely Brown and Richard Burton were originally interested in tutorial dialogues and their first project as a team at UCI1 is a "question-answering system for mixed-initiative CAI"(Brown et al., 1973).  1, fiche 20, Anglais, - mixed%2Dinitiative%20CAI

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Voir EAO et coopératif.  1, fiche 20, Français, - EAO%20coop%C3%A9ratif

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Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Method of instruction in which one student or a small group receives personal guidance and instruction from a tutor or instructor. The tutorial system is student-centred rather than subject-centred and is a descendant of the Socratic method.  2, fiche 21, Anglais, - tutorial%20system

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Fiche 21,  Justifications,  Espagnol