TERMIUM Plus^®

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ITS [Intelligent Tutoring Systems] have a central objective of communicating some knowledge through computer facilities which may employ domain-specific expertise, error analysis, and user modelling.  2, fiche 1, Anglais, - user%20modelling

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See also "student modelling."  3, fiche 1, Anglais, - user%20modelling

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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La modélisation de l'utilisateur aurait [...] plus d'effets sur la gestion de l'interaction lors des dialogues de consultation que lors de dialogues didactiques.  1, fiche 1, Français, - mod%C3%A9lisation%20de%20l%27utilisateur

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Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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[Instruction using] programs that understand the student’s internal cognitive structures; are able to analyse a student’s answer to a question and determine which parts of the question confuse the student. They then use that information to provide very specific instruction. A system of this type would be a substitute for a very competent and experienced teacher.  7, fiche 2, Anglais, - intelligent%20computer%2Daided%20instruction

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Intelligent Computer-Assisted Instruction (ICAI) ... encompasses two primary areas. One is instructional programs that model the learner ... These programs collect detailed data about the student’s work and formulate a hypothesis about what the student knows and is thinking. ... The other area is the use of expert systems ... that contain all known information on a particular topic, a set of logic that ties all this information together ..., and in some cases a program that allows a person to converse easily and in natural language with the computer.  8, fiche 2, Anglais, - intelligent%20computer%2Daided%20instruction

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The components of an ICAI program are problem-solving expertise, student model, and tutoring module.  9, fiche 2, Anglais, - intelligent%20computer%2Daided%20instruction

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For historical reasons, much of the research in the field of educational software involving artificial intelligence has been conducted under the name of "ICAI." This acronym stands for "Intelligent Computer-Aided Instruction," a phrase that evolved out of the name "Computer-Aided Instruction" (CAI) ... Most recently, "ICAI" has often been replaced by the acronym "ITS," for "Intelligent Tutoring Systems"....  10, fiche 2, Anglais, - intelligent%20computer%2Daided%20instruction

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Enseignement à partir du principe que les programmes à vocation pédagogique devraient être eux-mêmes des experts du domaine capables de résoudre les problèmes posés de différentes façons, de suivre et de critiquer les solutions de l'étudiant.  3, fiche 2, Français, - enseignement%20intelligemment%20assist%C3%A9%20par%20ordinateur

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L'E.I.A.O. consiste à appliquer la technicité des systèmes experts à l'E.A.O., l'expert en l'occurrence étant l'enseignant-pédagogue. L'E.A.O. pratique une analyse plus ou moins affinée des réponses des apprenants. L'E.I.A.O. ambitionne d'analyser le raisonnement de cet apprenant, de lui montrer d'autres formes de raisonnement ou l'aider à les découvrir [...]  2, fiche 2, Français, - enseignement%20intelligemment%20assist%C3%A9%20par%20ordinateur

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Le sigle est aussi celui d'un projet de recherche au Laboratoire de recherche informatique d'Orsay (France).  6, fiche 2, Français, - enseignement%20intelligemment%20assist%C3%A9%20par%20ordinateur

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Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Component of an intelligent tutoring system which can actually solve the problems.  5, fiche 3, Anglais, - expert%20module

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In knowledge communication systems, there is a special module, often called the expert, that contains a representation of the knowledge to be communicated. ... The expert module fulfils a double function. On the one hand, it acts as the source for the knowledge to be presented. This includes generating explanations and responses to the student as well as tasks and questions. On the other hand, the expert module serves as a standard for evaluating the student’s performance. For this function, it must be able to generate solutions to problems in the same context as the student does so that their respective answers can be compared.  4, fiche 3, Anglais, - expert%20module

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In general, an ITS is composed of three major functional modules : the student model module, the tutoring module and the expertise module.  6, fiche 3, Anglais, - expert%20module

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Maintains a task model also called expert model. See also "ideal student model".  7, fiche 3, Anglais, - expert%20module

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Macrocomposante d'un didacticiel intelligent qui contient les connaissances du domaine et les mécanismes de résolution des problèmes proposés à l'apprenant.  4, fiche 3, Français, - module%20expert

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[La] composante expert [...] contient les faits et les règles considérés corrects. Elle est responsable de l'évaluation des décisions de l'étudiant pendant son apprentissage par rapport aux règles et aux données de "l'expert" vis-à-vis de la tâche à accomplir.  2, fiche 3, Français, - module%20expert

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Aplusix a une architecture classique de Tuteur Intelligent. Les différents modules sont : l'expert qui effectue les tâches de résolution, d'explication et de contrôle de la résolution, le module pédagogique [...], le module de diagnostic cognitif [...], l'interface [...]  3, fiche 3, Français, - module%20expert

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Le module expert peut, comme dans SCHOLAR et SOPHIE, répondre directement aux questions de l'étudiant. Dans WEST ce même module fournit au besoin de l'information aux autres modules.  5, fiche 3, Français, - module%20expert

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Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A representation in which knowledge is bundled in bite-sized units and accessed by several modules of the system (Bonar et al. 1986). The bites communicate with each other to exchange information about the next curriculum topic, or to evaluate and respond to the student’s input.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - bite%2Dsized%20architecture

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The(bite-sized architecture) organizes tutoring functions around a decomposition of(domain expertise) into curriculum units reminiscent of WEST's issues. The prevalent paradigm for a number of prototypical systems under development at LRCD is to use these autonomous tutoring units called bites to guide the student's interaction with a microworld that illustrates the domain principles to be understood. The(bite-sized architecture) serves as a context for articulating principles of curriculum organization. This organization in turns supports an implementation of the concept of(steering testing), which combines diagnostic and didactic purposes into adaptive sequences of(heuristically generated tasks.)  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - bite%2Dsized%20architecture

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Architecture didacticielle reconfigurable qui permet l'organisation des connaissances en micromodules conçus [en fonction de] buts pédagogiques.  1, fiche 4, Français, - architecture%20tutorielle%20micromodulaire

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Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

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If the tutoring system is to guide the student in solving problems, the expert module must also generate sensible solution paths so that intermediate steps can be compared. Perhaps most important, it must be able to generate multiple possible solutions paths, rather than just a single one required for CAI models of expertise.  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - solution%20path

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... by analysing the shape of the search space and simple syntactic properties of the nodes of the graph ..., it is possible to determine potentially useful features of the space, such as when students tend to abandon a solution path, ... whether the search is in any way systematic, and so on.  4, fiche 5, Anglais, - solution%20path

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This program compromises neatly between the options of trying to ensure that the student follows a recommended pre-stored solution path for each problem, and of allowing him to follow whatever path he wishes.  5, fiche 5, Anglais, - solution%20path

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The effect of this [immediate] feedback procedure is to prevent floundering by keeping students on a correct solution path.  6, fiche 5, Anglais, - solution%20path

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Contrast with solution trace.  7, fiche 5, Anglais, - solution%20path

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Voir parcours de raisonnement.  2, fiche 5, Français, - chemin%20de%20solution

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Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

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... a class or category of instructional plans which all teach by the same method or style of instruction. Examples of tutorial strategies include expository, case-method, exploratory, or Socratic question and answer.  3, fiche 6, Anglais, - tutoring%20strategy

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The tutorial strategy of a teaching program is that part of it which decides what to do next. It may range from simply following a sequence of actions which have been pre-specified by the author or the teaching program, as in linear programming, to executing a complex decision procedure which attempts to take into account a student model and the course objectives.  4, fiche 6, Anglais, - tutoring%20strategy

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Motivational responses may include encouragement, congratulations, challenges, and other statements with affective or perlocutionary content. ... the current tutoring strategy specifies which of these feedback and follow-up responses will be generated.  5, fiche 6, Anglais, - tutoring%20strategy

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The resultant analysis is used to select between three types of tutorial strategies: correction, confirmation and coaching.  3, fiche 6, Anglais, - tutoring%20strategy

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An ITS [Intelligent Tutoring System] will have a well-articulated curriculum embodied in its domain expertise and an explicit theory of instruction represented by its tutoring strategies.  6, fiche 6, Anglais, - tutoring%20strategy

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Ensemble de procédures déterminées par le module pédagogique à partir des connaissances sur l'apprenant, afin d'aider ce dernier à former, à tester des hypothèses, à organiser ses connaissances pour les étendre à des nouvelles situations et à faire des prédictions justes sur des cas nouveaux.  2, fiche 6, Français, - strat%C3%A9gie%20tutorielle

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[...] de tels programmes [à vocation pédagogique] devraient posséder une théorie explicite des stratégies tutorielles qu'ils utilisent (non enfouies dans les connaissances du domaine d'enseignement). Ces stratégies devraient être applicables à plusieurs domaines.  3, fiche 6, Français, - strat%C3%A9gie%20tutorielle

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Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

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... the general notion of transfer of expertise underlying both expert and tutoring systems.  1, fiche 7, Anglais, - transfer%20of%20expertise

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See "expertise".  3, fiche 7, Anglais, - transfer%20of%20expertise

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Processus qui se passe généralement en deux temps : le transfert de l'expert (humain) du domaine (ED) au cogniticien (c) puis le transfert du cogniticien dans le futur programme expert [...]  1, fiche 7, Français, - transfert%20d%27expertise

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Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Instead of looking within the domain for explanations of how incorrect procedures are formed, VanLehn turns to the teaching sequence. He finds that there are tacit conventions that teachers follow when introducing procedural skills such as subtraction, and corresponding tacit expectations that students have when being taught.  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - procedural%20skill

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Most Intelligent Tutoring Systems(ITS) designed to teach procedural skills, such as mathematical problem solving, have a complete expertise component.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - procedural%20skill

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Voir aptitude, habileté.  2, fiche 8, Français, - aptitude%20op%C3%A9ratoire

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Comparer à connaissance opératoire.  1, fiche 8, Français, - aptitude%20op%C3%A9ratoire

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Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

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In the knowledge base, domain specific knowledge is expressed as a set of condition-action pairs referred to as production rules that specify the action to be carried out if the prerequisite conditions are true.  4, fiche 9, Anglais, - domain%2Dspecific%20knowledge

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[Instructional Tutoring Systems] have a central objective of communicating some knowledge through computer facilities which may employ domain-specific expertise, error analysis, and user modelling.  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - domain%2Dspecific%20knowledge

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First, to introduce neophyte users to the system, it must operate as an intelligent tutor, controlling a structured interaction with the user as defined in a domain-specific knowledge base.  2, fiche 9, Anglais, - domain%2Dspecific%20knowledge

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The distinction between domain-specific knowledge and meta-knowledge is not always clear cut. ... meta-knowledge is often treated as control knowledge about what to do next, and this type of knowledge is often very domain specific. ... In general, making distinctions between domain-specific knowledge and meta-knowledge does not contribute much to the design of the system; rather, it tends to distract.  5, fiche 9, Anglais, - domain%2Dspecific%20knowledge

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L'avènement de l'intelligence artificielle et l'essor des systèmes experts a souligné l'importance de logiciels capables de traiter de telles connaissances spécifiques à un domaine d'étude.  2, fiche 9, Français, - connaissance%20sp%C3%A9cifique%20du%20domaine

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Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The ITS Group(a team of researchers at the Learning Research and Development Center at the University of Pittsburg) uncovers general principles for the design of intelligent tutoring systems and to implement these principles(i. e. coaching ongoing activities, exploratory microworlds, curricula of pedagogical issues, and learning-oriented representations of expertise) into reusable tutoring architectures. Much of this work is still under development.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - reusable%20tutoring%20architecture

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