TERMIUM Plus^®

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[Instruction using] programs that understand the student’s internal cognitive structures; are able to analyse a student’s answer to a question and determine which parts of the question confuse the student. They then use that information to provide very specific instruction. A system of this type would be a substitute for a very competent and experienced teacher.  7, fiche 1, Anglais, - intelligent%20computer%2Daided%20instruction

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Intelligent Computer-Assisted Instruction (ICAI) ... encompasses two primary areas. One is instructional programs that model the learner ... These programs collect detailed data about the student’s work and formulate a hypothesis about what the student knows and is thinking. ... The other area is the use of expert systems ... that contain all known information on a particular topic, a set of logic that ties all this information together ..., and in some cases a program that allows a person to converse easily and in natural language with the computer.  8, fiche 1, Anglais, - intelligent%20computer%2Daided%20instruction

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The components of an ICAI program are problem-solving expertise, student model, and tutoring module.  9, fiche 1, Anglais, - intelligent%20computer%2Daided%20instruction

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For historical reasons, much of the research in the field of educational software involving artificial intelligence has been conducted under the name of "ICAI." This acronym stands for "Intelligent Computer-Aided Instruction," a phrase that evolved out of the name "Computer-Aided Instruction" (CAI) ... Most recently, "ICAI" has often been replaced by the acronym "ITS," for "Intelligent Tutoring Systems"....  10, fiche 1, Anglais, - intelligent%20computer%2Daided%20instruction

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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Enseignement à partir du principe que les programmes à vocation pédagogique devraient être eux-mêmes des experts du domaine capables de résoudre les problèmes posés de différentes façons, de suivre et de critiquer les solutions de l'étudiant.  3, fiche 1, Français, - enseignement%20intelligemment%20assist%C3%A9%20par%20ordinateur

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L'E.I.A.O. consiste à appliquer la technicité des systèmes experts à l'E.A.O., l'expert en l'occurrence étant l'enseignant-pédagogue. L'E.A.O. pratique une analyse plus ou moins affinée des réponses des apprenants. L'E.I.A.O. ambitionne d'analyser le raisonnement de cet apprenant, de lui montrer d'autres formes de raisonnement ou l'aider à les découvrir [...]  2, fiche 1, Français, - enseignement%20intelligemment%20assist%C3%A9%20par%20ordinateur

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Le sigle est aussi celui d'un projet de recherche au Laboratoire de recherche informatique d'Orsay (France).  6, fiche 1, Français, - enseignement%20intelligemment%20assist%C3%A9%20par%20ordinateur

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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[The module of an Intelligent Tutoring System] that models the student’s understanding of the domain.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - student%20model%20module

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Student Model Module. The task of this building block is to construct a student model which represents student's knowledge. It is essentially an inductive inference which induces a model from observed data. In ITS [Intelligent Tutoring Systems], the model should be an executable program described in a knowledge representation language and the data are student's answers to the problems.  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - student%20model%20module

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The Student Module analyzes the student’s answers, diagnosis the misconceptions and keeps track of the information on the student’s mastery of the knowledge. The student modeler of XTRA-TE is aimed at both behavioral diagnosis and epistemic diagnosis. At the behavioral level, the student receives direct feedback from the system. The student’s response is checked against the domain knowledge for correctness.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - student%20model%20module

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To assist the student module in the task of diagnosis, [the expert module] can operate in a single-step mode showing the result of application of the best rule, or all rules, to a given problem.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - student%20model%20module

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

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Module d'un système EIAO dont la tâche consiste à diagnostiquer les failles de raisonnement et à élaborer ou mettre à jour un modèle apprenant représentant les connaissances de l'apprenant à partir des réponses qu'il donne à des problèmes.  2, fiche 2, Français, - module%20de%20diagnostic%20cognitif

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Applusix a une architecture classique de Tuteur Intelligent. Les différents modules sont : l'expert [...]; le module pédagogique [...]; le module de diagnostic cognitif qui met à jour le profil de l'élève; l'interface [...]  1, fiche 2, Français, - module%20de%20diagnostic%20cognitif

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Le module de diagnostic cognitif a pour but de modifier le profil de l'élève à partir des informations enregistrées pendant les interactions. Ces informations sont principalement : demandes (ou non) de détail dans les calculs (interaction observation); choix d'une expression et d'une transformation (interaction résolution); choix d'une transformation applicable (interaction pilotage). [...] elles sont exploitées pour mettre à jour le profil de l'élève.  1, fiche 2, Français, - module%20de%20diagnostic%20cognitif

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Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Component of an intelligent tutoring system which can actually solve the problems.  5, fiche 3, Anglais, - expert%20module

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In knowledge communication systems, there is a special module, often called the expert, that contains a representation of the knowledge to be communicated. ... The expert module fulfils a double function. On the one hand, it acts as the source for the knowledge to be presented. This includes generating explanations and responses to the student as well as tasks and questions. On the other hand, the expert module serves as a standard for evaluating the student’s performance. For this function, it must be able to generate solutions to problems in the same context as the student does so that their respective answers can be compared.  4, fiche 3, Anglais, - expert%20module

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In general, an ITS is composed of three major functional modules : the student model module, the tutoring module and the expertise module.  6, fiche 3, Anglais, - expert%20module

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Maintains a task model also called expert model. See also "ideal student model".  7, fiche 3, Anglais, - expert%20module

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

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Macrocomposante d'un didacticiel intelligent qui contient les connaissances du domaine et les mécanismes de résolution des problèmes proposés à l'apprenant.  4, fiche 3, Français, - module%20expert

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[La] composante expert [...] contient les faits et les règles considérés corrects. Elle est responsable de l'évaluation des décisions de l'étudiant pendant son apprentissage par rapport aux règles et aux données de "l'expert" vis-à-vis de la tâche à accomplir.  2, fiche 3, Français, - module%20expert

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Aplusix a une architecture classique de Tuteur Intelligent. Les différents modules sont : l'expert qui effectue les tâches de résolution, d'explication et de contrôle de la résolution, le module pédagogique [...], le module de diagnostic cognitif [...], l'interface [...]  3, fiche 3, Français, - module%20expert

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Le module expert peut, comme dans SCHOLAR et SOPHIE, répondre directement aux questions de l'étudiant. Dans WEST ce même module fournit au besoin de l'information aux autres modules.  5, fiche 3, Français, - module%20expert

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Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The component of an ICAI program that selects the strategies for presenting tutorial information to a student.  7, fiche 4, Anglais, - tutorial%20module

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Tutorial Module. ... The tutor is an agent which can be actively invoked either by the user directly or by the advice module when the latter determines that instruction is likely to be useful. The tutor is composed of 3 components: tutorial rules, a complexity map, and a set of case models.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - tutorial%20module

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The Tutor Module is in charge of the teaching activities, in particular, selecting an appropriate pedagogical stategy using the information produced by the student model. It plays the roles of tutor, instructor and exercise generator. The pedagogical decisions are made dynamically based on the information from the student model. If the student is very familiar with the materials being taught, he will be given harder exercises to increase his understanding. However, if the student is totally unfamiliar with the concepts, he will be given a tutorial.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - tutorial%20module

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The tutoring module has two functions: coordination and teaching. The tutoring module receives all the information from the different modules of the ITS and coordinates the overall activity using psycho-pedagogical knowledge.  8, fiche 4, Anglais, - tutorial%20module

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The tutorial expert represents tutorial knowledge... and the ability to use this knowledge, along with the student model, to make pedagogical decisions. It is the control element of the ITS [Intelligent Tutoring System].  5, fiche 4, Anglais, - tutorial%20module

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

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Module d'un système EIAO dont la fonction essentielle est de fournir une réponse à une situation ponctuelle (blocage, erreur ou demande d'aide). Il contribue à la recherche de la meilleure stratégie pédagogique [CTN, Paris, 1991].  3, fiche 4, Français, - module%20tuteur

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Le module tuteur: il fournit la stratégie pédagogique la plus appropriée à la situation actuelle. Il est chargé de choisir le type d'intervention («répéter» par exemple) et le mode d'intervention. La base de faits du tuteur lui permet de conserver la trace des échecs pendant la recherche de la "meilleure" stratégie (journal des règles effectuées) et des règles effectivement appliquées (base des actions effectuées), afin d'être en mesure de mettre à jour le modèle de l'apprenant et la base d'expertise si nécessaire.  1, fiche 4, Français, - module%20tuteur

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Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The fourth and last factor needed in ITS research is the tutoring model. Tutoring involves knowing how to remediate the student, when to interrupt, what examples to try, what analogy to present, and how to respond to the idiosyncrasies of the student.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - tutoring%20model

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Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The tutor’s only use of the diagnosis ... is to help select [the] next action. This perspective tempts us to view the diagnostic component of the tutor as a mechanism for mapping tutorial situations onto instructional actions....  6, fiche 6, Anglais, - diagnostic%20module

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Once a possible need for information has been identified, the diagnoser will have to explain it in terms of either a lack of knowledge or a misconception on the part of the user. ... If the diagnoser does find such an explanation, a formal description of the current user need is sent to the coach, who will plan an intervention to meet this need....  3, fiche 6, Anglais, - diagnostic%20module

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The function of the diagnostic component of an intelligent tutoring system is to test whether the expectations presupposed by the tutor's current plan are consistent with its current model of the student.  6, fiche 6, Anglais, - diagnostic%20module

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Component of the pedagogical module that provides the student model.  7, fiche 6, Anglais, - diagnostic%20module

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

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Module d'un système expert [ou didacticiel intelligent] qui prévoit et détecte les pannes [erreurs] ou analyse le fonctionnement d'un équipement quelconque [ou le comportement d'un étudiant].  2, fiche 6, Français, - module%20de%20diagnostic

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Un module de diagnostic et de modélisation. Ce module doit permettre, en liaison avec le module [de l'élève idéal], un repérage et une interprétation des erreurs des élèves. Ces erreurs seront mises en relation avec les concepts du domaine et permettront une mise à jour du modèle cognitif de l'élève.  3, fiche 6, Français, - module%20de%20diagnostic

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Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

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In an ICAI program the tutoring rules that an author uses to create these pattern are defined in the knowledge base, and the program generates the instructional sequence in response to student questions or mistakes.  4, fiche 7, Anglais, - tutoring%20rule

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The main component of the tutor module(GUIDON) is a collection of tutoring rules, hereafter called t-rules, for carrying on a dialogue, including methods for providing assistance, maintaining a student knowledge model, responding to his initiative, and so on.  5, fiche 7, Anglais, - tutoring%20rule

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The tutoring rules were derived directly from a consensus of eleven teachers experienced in the precise scope of the program.  6, fiche 7, Anglais, - tutoring%20rule

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T-rules are grouped into rule packets, each specific to a tutorial goal. ... There are two types of t-rule packets: t-rules for selecting a discourse procedure and t-rules for modeling belief.  5, fiche 7, Anglais, - tutoring%20rule

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Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A tutorial dialogue should be concerned with the communication of intentions and beliefs, the recognition and repair of error and the construction of a satisfactorily completed episode in a learning process.  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - tutorial%20dialogue

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... let us list some of the characteristics of a tutorial dialogue ... : The language used by both participants is a natural one, such as English ... . Both participants can ask questions at any time ... The questions asked may require some computation or reasoning before a sensible answer can be given. The topic of conversation can be changed on either participant’s initiative....  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - tutorial%20dialogue

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This paper reports work on development of a new model for computer generation of tutorial dialogues, which aims to teach skills in critical argument. A set of dialogue moves are used to generate sustained tutorial dialogues which share many common characteristics with argument, explanation, critiquing and Socratic tutoring, integrated within an ITS [Intelligent Tutoring System] architecture.  2, fiche 8, Anglais, - tutorial%20dialogue

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Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

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... this assumes that our tutoring component is given and that we have only to inspect its code to discover the features that our student model needs to identify.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - tutoring%20component

Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Français

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Composante tutorielle. Cette composante contrôle les règles et les procédures des activités d'enseignement. Dans ce sens, elle contient des règles sur le mode d'enseignement, sur les activités proposées et sur les interventions auprès de l'étudiant. C'est à travers ce genre de connaissances que le «tuteur intelligent» peut raisonner à propos des décisions de l'étudiant, il peut savoir si l'étudiant est en train d'atteindre la bonne solution même en empruntant des cheminements différents de ceux de l'«expert» et enfin il peut détecter les faiblesses des étudiants et intervenir quand il le considère nécessaire.  1, fiche 9, Français, - composante%20tutorielle

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Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

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... the module [of an Intelligent Tutoring System] which administers interaction between the tutor and the student.  4, fiche 10, Anglais, - student%2Dtutor%20interface

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The student’s interface presents itself as a smart screen editor.  4, fiche 10, Anglais, - student%2Dtutor%20interface

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... a simple student interface employing windows, menus, and a mouse device.  4, fiche 10, Anglais, - student%2Dtutor%20interface

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The student interface presents a natural-language, graphics, or other friendly interface to the student.  5, fiche 10, Anglais, - student%2Dtutor%20interface

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... four part models for a tutoring system :... student-tutor interface, tutoring knowledge, bug catalogue and the ideal student model.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - student%2Dtutor%20interface

Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Français

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Module d'un système EIAO permettant d'interpréter les questions et réponses d'un apprenant avant de les transmettre au module expert, ce dernier générant les éléments machine du dialogue système-apprenant. [CTN, Paris, 1991]  2, fiche 10, Français, - interface%20apprenant

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Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

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SPIRIT's most distinctive feature is the integration of two didactic subcomponents, the "tutor" and the "mentor", which enable SPIRIT to vary its didactic strategy on the basis of its student model, switching between unobtrusive coaching and directive tutoring.  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - directive%20tutoring

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Contrast with "coaching" and "guided-discovery learning".  2, fiche 11, Anglais, - directive%20tutoring

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L'intensité de l'encadrement didactique [du didacticiel] peut varier selon le degré d'indépendance qu'on veut bien laisser à l'élève dans son cheminement à travers le didacticiel. [...] Un encadrement fort oblige l'élève à suivre les étapes tel que prévu par l'enseignant, tandis que l'encadrement faible lui permet de choisir lui-même les étapes qu'il désire suivre.  2, fiche 11, Français, - guidage%20directif

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Voir intervention pédagogique et guidage discret.  1, fiche 11, Français, - guidage%20directif

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Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

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In an intelligent tutoring system, that part of a student model that include student's view of himself in the context of a domain and of an instructional interaction.  1, fiche 12, Anglais, - reflexive%20model

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See also self-model, automodel.  2, fiche 12, Anglais, - reflexive%20model

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Not only is a student’s reflexive model central to the success of pedagogical enterprises, because of the profound effects such models can have on learning attitudes, but a positive reflexive model with respect to learning and performing in a domain may be just as important a result of instruction as knowledge acquisition.  1, fiche 12, Anglais, - reflexive%20model

Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Français

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Représentation que l'étudiant se fait de lui-même en tant qu'agent rationnel impliqué dans l'acte cognitif d'apprentissage.  1, fiche 12, Français, - mod%C3%A8le%20autor%C3%A9f%C3%A9rent

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Voir "autoréférence" et automodèle.  1, fiche 12, Français, - mod%C3%A8le%20autor%C3%A9f%C3%A9rent

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Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A unit of knowledge including pedagogical issues around which the architecture of a tutoring system is organized. Each bite is itself a miniature system focused on a specific piece of the subject matter. In addition to some domain knowledge, it includes : 1) knowledge about its conceptual relations to other bites, such as part/whole, class/subclass, or analogical relations; 2) knowledge about its curricular relations to other bites, such as pre-and postrequisites, so that it can trigger remedial actions; 3) indication about the student's mastery of its part of the subject matter(a miniature student model, which in conjunction with other bites forms a type of overlay) ;4) the ability to diagnose the student's use and disuse of this knowledge by taking the blame for suboptimal actions; 5) the ability to generate problems that involve the use of this knowledge; 6) the ability to generate instructional interventions related to this knowledge.  1, fiche 13, Anglais, - bite

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

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Unité d'apprentissage EIAO qui contrôle soit la découverte de nouvelles connaissances par l'élève, soit ses aptitudes à la découverte scientifique. Les microconnaissances du module pédagogique peuvent constituer une sorte de méta-expertise.  1, fiche 13, Français, - microconnaissance

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Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A simulation model of communicable knowledge. Its different interacting parts are: the task model, the discourse model, the student model, the instruction model and the pedagogical model.  2, fiche 14, Anglais, - communication%20model

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Intelligent tutoring systems are systems that model teaching, learning, communication, and domain knowledge. They model and reason about an expert's knowledge of a domain and a student's understanding of that domain.... We also take advantage of communication models to illustrate the scientific method as well as human problem solving methods. Builders of ICAI systems need to take full advantage of the available communication resources, such as simulations and animations, rich icons, pop-up windows, pop-down menus, high resolution graphics and other available graphics tools.  3, fiche 14, Anglais, - communication%20model

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The communication model of the Recovery Boiler Tutor does not take advantage of icons, windows, and simulation or animation capabilities of computers.  3, fiche 14, Anglais, - communication%20model

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Médiatique: qui concerne les médias.  2, fiche 14, Français, - mod%C3%A8le%20de%20communication

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