TERMIUM Plus^®

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The Group of 20 (G20) is a group of key advanced and emerging market economies. In the aftermath of the financial crises in the late 1990s, the G20 was created in 1999 to strengthen policy coordination between its members, promote financial stability, and modernize the international financial architecture.  5, fiche 1, Anglais, - Group%20of%20Twenty%20Finance%20Ministers%20and%20Central%20Bank%20Governors

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The members of the G20 are Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Türkiye, the United Kingdom, The United States, the European Union and the African Union.  7, fiche 1, Anglais, - Group%20of%20Twenty%20Finance%20Ministers%20and%20Central%20Bank%20Governors

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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Le G20 (Groupe des vingt) a été créé en septembre 1999 en marge d'une réunion des ministres des Finances et des gouverneurs de banques centrales du G7, pour répondre à la crise asiatique de 1997-1998. Cette crise avait mis en évidence la nécessité d'intégrer les grands pays émergents dans les discussions multilatérales sur l'économie et la stabilité financière.  6, fiche 1, Français, - Groupe%20des%20vingt

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Les membres du G20 sont l'Afrique du Sud, l'Allemagne, l'Arabie saoudite, l'Argentine, l'Australie, le Brésil, le Canada, la Chine, la Corée du Sud, les États-Unis, la France, l'Inde, l'Indonésie, l'Italie, le Japon, le Mexique, le Royaume-Uni, la Russie, la [Türkiye], l'Union européenne et, depuis 2023, l'Union Africaine.  6, fiche 1, Français, - Groupe%20des%20vingt

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Groupe des Vingt : Bien que l'appellation «Groupe des Vingt» soit usitée, elle ne semble pas employée officiellement par l'organisme. Par ailleurs, en français, on met généralement seulement la majuscule au terme générique d'une appellation ou à l'adjectif qui le précède. Pour ces raisons, l'emploi de la désignation «Groupe des Vingt» n'est pas recommandé.  7, fiche 1, Français, - Groupe%20des%20vingt

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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El G-20 se creó como un nuevo foro de cooperación y consulta sobre temas relacionados con el sistema financiero internacional. Estudia, examina y promueve las deliberaciones entre los principales países industriales y de mercados emergentes sobre aspectos de política que guardan relación con la promoción de la estabilidad financiera internacional, y procura abordar aspectos que van más allá de las responsabilidades de una sola organización.  4, fiche 1, Espagnol, - Grupo%20de%20los%20Veinte

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Grupo de los Veinte; G20; G-20: La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, indica que para referirse al "Grupo de los Veinte" (que comprende 19 países, la Unión Europea y la Unión Africana) son adecuadas las grafías "G20" y "G-20", aunque, por ser la más utilizada y la que emplea la propia organización, se recomienda "G20".  5, fiche 1, Espagnol, - Grupo%20de%20los%20Veinte

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Food vs. Fuel : Diversion of Crops Could Cause More Hunger. Eager to promote nonpetroleum energy sources to reduce dependence on oil imports and slow global warming due to fossil fuel emissions, the United States, Brazil, and the European Union are promoting biofuels made from food crops.  1, fiche 2, Anglais, - diversion%20of%20crops

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

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Les impacts sociaux de la production de plus de 65 milliards de litres de carburants végétaux sont rarement inclus dans les études évaluant ses effets sur l'environnement. Pourtant, c'est près de 20 % de la récolte états-unienne de maïs qui est transformée en éthanol (Leibtag, 2008; OCDE/FAO, 2007; Pimentel et Patzek, 2006). Or, ce maïs est la plus importante culture agricole aux ÉU et qui correspond à près de 40 % de la production mondiale de maïs (Kim et Dale, 2004). Alors que l'importance toute récente de la montée du prix des denrées permet de mettre en lumière les effets du détournement de cultures alimentaires vers une production énergétique et sa participation à la crise alimentaire mondiale actuelle [...]  1, fiche 2, Français, - d%C3%A9tournement%20de%20cultures%20alimentaires

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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A la crisis alimentaria se suman el alza de precios, el desvío de cultivos hacia la elaboración de biocombustibles, y los trastornos agrícolas producto del cambio climático.  1, fiche 2, Espagnol, - desv%C3%ADo%20de%20cultivos

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies(AOSCA) is a non-profit organization founded in 1919 [as the International Crop Improvement Association] in an effort to establish credible standards for the production of high-quality seed. Today, AOSCA has member agencies across the U. S. [United States] as well as seven member countries including Canada, Chile, Argentina, Brazil, Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - Association%20of%20Official%20Seed%20Certifying%20Agencies

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The International Crop Improvement Association became the Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies in 1968.  4, fiche 3, Anglais, - Association%20of%20Official%20Seed%20Certifying%20Agencies

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

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En 1919, des représentants canadiens du ministère de l'Agriculture et de l'ACPS [Association canadienne des producteurs de semences] ont rencontré à Chicago des collègues américains afin de mettre sur pied l'Association internationale pour l'amélioration des cultures (AIAC), qui est devenue au fil du temps l'Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies (AOSCA).  4, fiche 3, Français, - Association%20of%20Official%20Seed%20Certifying%20Agencies

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Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Apterichtus ansp, the Academy eel, is a species of snake eel native to the western Atlantic Ocean from North Carolina, United States through the Bahamas to Brazil. It is known to dwell down to a maximum depth of 200 metres(660 ft), and leads a benthic lifestyle, inhabiting burrows in the sand in surf areas. This species can reach a length of 54 centimetres(21 in)...  2, fiche 4, Anglais, - academy%20eel

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A fish of the family Ophichthidae.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - academy%20eel

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Poisson de la famille des Ophichthidae.  2, fiche 4, Français, - serpenton%20de%20l%27Acad%C3%A9mie

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Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Xylella fastidiosa, a bacterium in the class Gammaproteobacteria, is an important plant pathogen that causes phoney peach disease in the southern United States, bacterial leaf scorch, oleander leaf scorch, and Pierce's disease(in grapevines), and citrus variegated chlorosis disease(CVC) in Brazil.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - Xylella%20fastidiosa

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Xylella fastidiosa: There is no common name for this species of bacteria.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - Xylella%20fastidiosa

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

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La bactérie Xylella fastidiosa, transmise et véhiculée par des insectes vecteurs, s'attaque à un très large spectre de végétaux : vignes, oliviers, arbres fruitiers (Prunus), agrumes, caféiers, chênes, luzerne, etc. [...]  1, fiche 5, Français, - Xylella%20fastidiosa

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Xylella fastidiosa : Il n'y a pas de nom vernaculaire pour cette espèce de bactéries.  2, fiche 5, Français, - Xylella%20fastidiosa

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Xylella fastidiosa es una bacteria fitopatógena, de la clase proteobacteria con gran potencial de daño económico. Ataca sin curación en la actualidad a diversas plantas de utilidad económica como la vid, el olivo, el almendro, el ciruelo, el melocotón y el limonero así como otros que no producen frutos, como el laurel.  2, fiche 5, Espagnol, - Xylella%20fastidiosa

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Xylella fastidiosa: No existe nombre común para este tipo de bacterias.  3, fiche 5, Espagnol, - Xylella%20fastidiosa

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Xylella fastidiosa: La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, indica que los nombres científicos de las bacterias [...] se escriben con mayúscula inicial en la primera palabra [...] (que es el género), aunque no en la segunda (que alude a la especie), e íntegramente en cursiva. Además, es recomendable dar el nombre científico la primera vez que se menciona, si bien se admite que luego se abrevie la primera palabra, tomando la letra inicial y conservando la cursiva: X. fastidiosa. Si se nombra solamente por el género, lo adecuado es escribirlo también con mayúscula y en cursiva: Xylella.  4, fiche 5, Espagnol, - Xylella%20fastidiosa

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

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South East of United States to Brazil. Attaches to alcyonarians, 1 to 5 m.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - Atlantic%20Wing%20Oyster

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Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The Gemini Observatory consists of twin 8.1-metre diameter optical/infrared telescopes located on two of the best observing sites on the planet. From their locations on mountains in Hawai’i and Chile, Gemini Observatory’s telescopes can collectively access the entire sky.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - Gemini%20Observatory

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Gemini is operated by a partnership of six countries including the United States, Canada, Chile, Australia, Brazil and Argentina.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - Gemini%20Observatory

Fiche 7,  Justifications,  Français

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L'Observatoire Gemini exerce ses activités au moyen de deux puissants télescopes optiques-infrarouges de 8,1 m construits sur deux des meilleurs sites d'observation sur Terre. À ces deux emplacements situés en montagne \xC3\xA0 Hawaï et au Chili, les télescopes de l'Observatoire Gemini ont accès à la totalité de la voûte céleste.  1, fiche 7, Français, - Observatoire%20Gemini

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Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The Major Economies Forum ... provides an important venue for broader international collaboration on the development, demonstration and deployment of transformational clean energy technologies.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - Major%20Economies%20Forum

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The major economies include Canada, Australia, Brazil, China, the European Union, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Russia, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - Major%20Economies%20Forum

Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Français

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Le Forum des grandes puissances économiques constitue un important lieu de rencontre en vue d'une collaboration internationale plus généralisée sur la mise au point, la démonstration et le déploiement de technologies énergétiques propres d'avant-garde.  1, fiche 8, Français, - Forum%20des%20grandes%20puissances%20%C3%A9conomiques

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Les grandes puissances économiques comprennent le Canada, l'Afrique du Sud, l'Allemagne, l'Angleterre, l'Australie, le Brésil, la Chine, la Corée, les États-Unis, la France, l'Inde, l'Indonésie, l'Italie, le Japon, le Mexique, la Russie et l'Union européenne.  1, fiche 8, Français, - Forum%20des%20grandes%20puissances%20%C3%A9conomiques

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Fiche 9,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The Rio Pact, officially known as the Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance, was agreed to at the 1947 Inter-American Conference held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from August 15 to September 2. …More significantly, the Rio Pact declared that "an armed attack by any State against an American State" shall be considered as an attack against all the American states. "…The treaty was a response to the growing tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union that had led to the onset of the cold war by 1947.  3, fiche 9, Anglais, - Inter%2DAmerican%20Treaty%20of%20Reciprocal%20Assistance

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The Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (commonly known as the Rio Treaty, the Rio Pact, or by the Spanish-language acronym TIAR from Tratado Interamericano de Asistencia Recíproca) was an agreement ratified on 1947 in Rio de Janeiro[2] (<a href="http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/Inter-American+Treaty+of+Reciprocal" title="http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/Inter-American+Treaty+of+Reciprocal">http://columbia.thefreedictionary.com/Inter-American+Treaty+of+Reciprocal</a> +Assistance) among many American countries. The central principle contained in its articles is that an attach against one is to be considered an attach against them all; this was known as the "hemispheric defense" doctrine. The treaty was initially ratified in 1947, with Bahamas as the most recent country to sign and ratify it in 1982. It came into force in 1948 (in accordance with Article 22 of the treaty).  2, fiche 9, Anglais, - Inter%2DAmerican%20Treaty%20of%20Reciprocal%20Assistance

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Traité établi en 1947 entre tous les États américains (sauf le Canada) conclu à l'amorçe de la Guerre Froide et qui devient la clé de voûte du contrôle des États-Unis sur l'Amérique latine dans les années 1950-1980.  1, fiche 9, Français, - Trait%C3%A9%20interam%C3%A9ricain%20d%27assistance%20r%C3%A9ciproque

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Fiche 10,  Justifications,  Anglais

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In witness whereof, the respective plenipotentiaries sign the present treaty in one copy, in the Spanish and Portuguese languages, and affix their seals thereto, at Rio de Janeiro, D. F., on the tenth day of the month of October nineteen hundred and thirty-three. For the Argentine Republic... For the Republic of the United States of Brazil... For the Republic of Chile... For the United Mexican States... For the Republic of Paraguay... For the Oriental Republic of Uruguay  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - Anti%2Dwar%20Treaty%20of%20Non%2Daggression%20and%20Conciliation

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Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The Society of Latin American Specialists in Remote Sensing and Geographical Information(SELPER) initiated its activities in 1980 in Ecuador; it is a Society of international character conformed by National Chapters from different countries of Latin America : Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Venezuela and Uruguay chapters from countries with an advanced development in the technology of remote sensing, that the development of the different activities carried out by the Society(Germany, Canada, the United States, France and The Netherlans).  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - Society%20of%20Latin%20American%20Specialists%20in%20Remote%20Sensing%20and%20Geographical%20Information

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Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Anglais

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SICOFAA is the acronym for the System of Cooperation among the American Air Forces. Its membership is voluntary and totally apolitical. Its main purpose is to promote and strengthen the bonds of friendship prevalent in the Air Forces of the American Continent, members of the System, as well as to achieve the mutual support among them through their cooperation to act jointly when directed to do so by their respective governments. Currently, the System has 18 American Air Forces : Argentina; Bolivia; Brazil; Canada; Chile; Colombia; Dominican Republic; Ecuador; El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras; Nicaragua; Panama; Paraguay; Peru; United States of America; Uruguay and Venezuela. In addition, there are six observer countries in the System : Belize, Costa Rica, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica and Mexico. The member Air Forces have the right to voice and vote, while the observer countries can only voice their concerns but have no vote. SICOFAAs official language is Spanish.  1, fiche 12, Anglais, - System%20of%20Cooperation%20among%20the%20American%20Air%20Forces

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Fiche 12,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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SICOFAA es el apócope del Sistema de Cooperación entre las Fuerzas Aéreas Americanas. Su alianza es voluntaria y totalmente apolítica que tiene la finalidad de promover y fortalecer los lazos de amistad que unen a las Fuerzas Aéreas del Continente Americano, miembros del Sistema, así como lograr el apoyo mutuo entre ellos mediante la cooperación cuando tengan que actuar conjuntamente por dirección de sus respectivos gobiernos. Actualmente el Sistema está integrado por 18 Fuerzas Aéreas de las Américas: Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Canadá, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Estados Unidos, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú, República Dominicana, Uruguay, y Venezuela. También participan del Sistema seis Fuerzas Aéreas en calidad de observadores: Belice, Costa Rica, Guyana, Haití, Jamaica, y México. Las Fuerzas Aéreas miembros tienen derecho a voz y voto; los observadores solamente tienen derecho a voz. El idioma oficial del SICOFAA es el español.  1, fiche 12, Espagnol, - Sistema%20de%20Cooperaci%C3%B3n%20entre%20las%20Fuerzas%20A%C3%A9reas%20Americanas

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Established 18 September 1987, Belém, Brazil; funded by OAS [Organization of American States], Ford Foundation, EEC [European Economic Community], UNESCO [United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization], UNICEF [United Nations Children's Fund] and by Brazilian national organizations; as of 1990 membership comprised of 50 institutions in 8 countries : Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela.  2, fiche 13, Anglais, - Association%20of%20Amazonian%20Universities

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Title reproduced from the document "United Nations and Related Bodies, Specialized Agencies of the United Nations System, Intergovernmental Organizations, International Non-Governmental Organizations, Networks, Systems, Foundations and Similar Institutions", with the authorization of UNESCO.  3, fiche 13, Anglais, - Association%20of%20Amazonian%20Universities

Fiche 13,  Justifications,  Français

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Appellation tirée du document «United Nations and Related Bodies, Specialized Agencies of the United Nations System, Intergovernmental Organizations, International Non-Governmental Organizations, Networks, Systems, Foundations and Similar Institutions», avec l'autorisation de l'UNESCO.  3, fiche 13, Français, - Association%20des%20universit%C3%A9s%20amazoniennes

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Extraido de "United Nations and Related Bodies, Specialized Agencies of the United Nations System, Intergovernmental Organizations, International Non-Governmental Organizations, Networks, Systems, Foundations and Similar Institutions", con la autorización de UNESCO.  2, fiche 13, Espagnol, - Asociaci%C3%B3n%20de%20Universidades%20Amaz%C3%B3nicas

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A plan proposed in a major policy address by President George Bush on June 27, 1990, that involved U. S. investments and government debt relief to Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay... EAI focuses on stimulating economic growth in the entire western hemisphere through increased trade and investment and reduction of official debt owed by Latin American and Caribbean countries to the United States...  2, fiche 14, Anglais, - Enterprise%20for%20the%20Americas%20Initiative

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«Initiative Entreprise pour les Amériques» : traduction suggérée par la section de traduction, Affaires extérieures et commerce extérieur Canada.  2, fiche 14, Français, - Initiative%20pour%20les%20Am%C3%A9riques

Fiche 14,  Justifications,  Espagnol