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Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Anglais

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In radiology, [a] variation in intensity through the cross-section of the useful beam due to differential attenuation of x-rays emerging at varying angles from beneath the focal spot...  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - heel%20effect

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... the intensity is greater on the cathode side.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - heel%20effect

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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On décrit ainsi l'effet talon [...] L'hétérogénéité du foyer thermique et l'inclinaison de l'anode font qu'il y a une fluence de photons (photons/mm²) plus importante en direction de la cathode (jusqu'à 30 % de différence); une partie du cliché est alors légèrement plus marquée par les photons X; l'effet talon diminue considérablement lorsque le détecteur est éloigné de la source.  1, fiche 1, Français, - effet%20talon

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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El tubo de rayos X genera haces de radiación heterogénea, especialmente en el denominado "efecto anódico" o "efecto talon", [que] hace referencia a que los haces producidos en el extremo anódico del tubo son de menor energía, lo cual tiene impacto y representación en imágenes diagnósticas convencionales.  1, fiche 1, Espagnol, - efecto%20tal%C3%B3n

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Molecular beam epitaxy(MBE) has established itself as a unique and important epitaxial crystal growth technique yielding useful semiconductor devices, both electronic and photonic and high quality layer structures for fundamental semiconductor physics research.  5, fiche 2, Anglais, - molecular%20beam%20epitaxy

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Français

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Procédé d'épitaxie utilisant plusieurs fours à effusion pour former des couches épitaxiales de diverses natures sur un substrat semiconducteur.  1, fiche 2, Français, - %C3%A9pitaxie%20par%20faisceaux%20mol%C3%A9culaires

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L'épitaxie par jets moléculaires est la meilleure technique connue jusqu'à présent pour réaliser des couches particulièrement minces. Grâce à l'épitaxie, une gamme infinie de semi-conducteurs différents peut être obtenue en couches minces.  5, fiche 2, Français, - %C3%A9pitaxie%20par%20faisceaux%20mol%C3%A9culaires

Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Método de fabricación de circuitos microelectrónicos.  1, fiche 2, Espagnol, - epitaxia%20de%20haz%20molecular

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La epitaxia de haz molecular forma las capas diminutas de una plaqueta o microcircuito a niveles atómicos. Las capas, que pueden ser tan delgadas como dos átomos, se colocan en la plaqueta o microcircuito en lugares específicos.  1, fiche 2, Espagnol, - epitaxia%20de%20haz%20molecular

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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Lordotic projections are obtained in the PA [posteroanterior] or anteroposterior(AP) projection with the x-ray tube angled 15 degrees cephalad. This projection is useful in changing the relative position of the anterior and posterior bony thorax, thus diminishing the summation problem when evaluating possible apical masses. The lordotic projection can also be used to confirm complete collapse of the right middle lobe by positionning this lobe tangent to the x-ray beam if routine projections are inconclusive.  1, fiche 3, Anglais, - lordotic%20projection

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Français

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incidence : terme utilisé en radiodiagnostic pour définir l'orientation du rayon directeur et la position du sujet afin d'obtenir une vue bien déterminée d'une structure anatomique ou d'une partie de celle-ci.  1, fiche 3, Français, - incidence%20lordotique

Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A radiation therapy with relative displacement of the useful beam and the patient during irradiation.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - moving%20beam%20therapy

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Moving beam therapy includes arc therapy, skip therapy, and rotational therapy.  1, fiche 4, Anglais, - moving%20beam%20therapy

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Français

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La radiothérapie cinétique utilise un appareil mobile pour l'émission des rayons ionisants. L'appareil se déplace autour du malade ou le malade se déplace dans un faisceau fixe.  1, fiche 4, Français, - radioth%C3%A9rapie%20cin%C3%A9tique

Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Espagnol

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Radioterapia en la que hay un desplazamiento del haz de radiación respecto del cuerpo del paciente.  1, fiche 4, Espagnol, - radioterapia%20de%20movimiento

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Anglais

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... the glass wall of the radiographic tube, any oil used for tube immersion, or any permanent tube enclosure in the path of the useful [x-ray] beam.  1, fiche 5, Anglais, - inherent%20filter

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Français

Fiche 5,  Justifications,  Espagnol

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Anglais

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X-ray powder diffraction is used in the identification of crystalline phases in unknown samples, finding the lattice parameter and other lattice related information, quantitative determination of phases in multiphase samples, finding the orientation in single crystals, and stereographic projections. The samples must be crystalline solids such as metals, ceramics, rocks etc. These samples are usually about 1 mg in size. If the sample fits in the sample holder then there is no preparation necessary otherwise the sample may have to be crushed in order to fit. The sample takes less than one hour to be analyzed for qualitative analysis in major phases and up to 16 hours for trace phases. The quantitative analysis can take several minutes to several hours after set up. There are several detectors used in XRPD varying from films to cameras to diffractometers.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - x%2Dray%20powder%20diffraction

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Powder X-Ray Diffraction. Powders of crystalline materials diffract X-Rays. A beam of X-rays passing through a sample of randomly-oriented micro-crystals produces a pattern of rings on a distant screen. Powder X-Ray diffraction provides less information than single-crystal diffraction, however, it is much simpler and faster. Powder X-Ray diffraction is useful for confirming the identity of a solid material and determining crystallinity and phase purity. Modern powder X-Ray diffractometers consist of an X-Ray source, a movable sample platform, an X-Ray detector, and associated computer-controlled electronics. The sample is either packed into a shallow cup-shaped holder or deposited as a slurry onto a quartz substrate, and the sample holder spins slowly during the experiment to reduce sample heating. The X-Ray source is usually the same as used in single-crystal diffractometers, Mo or Cu. The X-Ray beam is fixed and the sample platform rotates with respect to the beam by an angle theta. The detector rotates at twice the rate of the sample and is at an angle of 2 theta with respect to the incoming X-Ray beam.  4, fiche 6, Anglais, - x%2Dray%20powder%20diffraction

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Fine particles such as clays must be separated from larger particles and measured separately if they are to be detected properly. To reduce errors associated with preferred orientation of minerals, samples are most commonly ground to a powder before analysis, a technique known as powder X-ray diffraction.  4, fiche 6, Anglais, - x%2Dray%20powder%20diffraction

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X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) is a direct method for qualitative and quantitative characterization of fine-grained materials such as clinker and cement, and may also be used for analysis of raw materials. Each phase produces a unique diffraction pattern independent of others, with the intensity of each pattern proportional to that phases concentration in a mixture.  5, fiche 6, Anglais, - x%2Dray%20powder%20diffraction

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Français

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Diffraction de rayons sur poudres : analyse quantitative de composés modèles du ciment anhydre. [...] Ce stage sera consacré à la caractérisation par diffraction des rayons X de mélanges d'alites de synthèse M1 et M3. La méthode expérimentale utilisée sera la diffraction des rayons X sur poudres jointe aux autres méthodes de laboratoire associées.  1, fiche 6, Français, - diffraction%20de%20rayons%20X%20sur%20poudres

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À l'aide de la diffraction de rayons X de poudres, différentes formes polymorphiques peuvent être détectées pour des molécules à activité pharmacologique.  2, fiche 6, Français, - diffraction%20de%20rayons%20X%20sur%20poudres

Fiche 6,  Justifications,  Espagnol