TERMIUM Plus^®

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The construction of novel types of fibre lasers often requires doped fibres which first have to be designed, manufactured and finally characterised. In this presentation we give a comprehensive survey of the development of novel doped multiple clad fibers. Starting with a design of the refractive index profile of such a fibre, we have optimised the manufacturing based on an MCVD(modified chemical vapor deposition) process. Tests of the manufactured fibre including the measurements of the absorption spectrum and the dopant concentration are reported.  1, fiche 1, Anglais, - modified%20CVD%20method

Fiche 1,  Justifications,  Français

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Méthode de dépôt interne en phase vapeur qui consiste à déplacer un chalumeau le long d'un tube de silice; il y a déposition d'une couche de silice dopée chaque fois que le chalumeau revient au point de départ.  1, fiche 1, Français, - m%C3%A9thode%20modifi%C3%A9e%20de%20d%C3%A9p%C3%B4t%20chimique%20en%20phase%20vapeur

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Fiche 2,  Justifications,  Anglais

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... Winefordner et al. described a special, more sensitive cell based on changes in dielectric constant and constructed to allow gas flow between the plates of a capacitor which is a part of the tank circuit of a 70-Mc/sec Clapp oscillator, the output of which is beat against that of a reference oscillator. With the difference frequency between oscillators adjusted to zero with pure carrier gas flowing through the detector, the presence of a foreign vapor in the cell will produce a different frequency which is linearly related to the amount of material introduced through an injection port in the carrier gas stream and inversely proportional to the absolute temperature for a given component at a constant density or concentration in the cell and for a particular operating frequency.  2, fiche 2, Anglais, - Clapp%20oscillator

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Reference, sample Clapp oscillator.  3, fiche 2, Anglais, - Clapp%20oscillator

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Fiche 3,  Justifications,  Anglais

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dry standard cubic meters(dscm) :Concentration of contaminants in gases emitted from sources(such as cement kilns) are generally expressed as a weight of that material per a volume of gas. Emissions from sources often contain water vapor from evaporation of water in the processed material or as water from combustion of hydrocarbons. This amount varies from source to source and at variable temperatures from source to source. To make an emission rate meaningful for comparison to another source or to a permit limit, the emission rate must be stated as a weight per(dry) gas at standard conditions. The specific standard conditions are set by the applicable authority, often a national laboratory group.  3, fiche 3, Anglais, - dry%20standard%20cubic%20meter

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[The] MTEC (Maximum Theoretical Emissions Concentration) [is] calculated by dividing the feedrate by the stack gas flowrate and is expressed as micrograms per dry standard cubic meter (µg/dscm).  4, fiche 3, Anglais, - dry%20standard%20cubic%20meter

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Stack testing has determined that PAHs are detected in a facility’s stack gases at concentrations (g per dry standard cubic metre of gas) ...  2, fiche 3, Anglais, - dry%20standard%20cubic%20meter

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Les tests effectués à la sortie des cheminées ont déterminé la présence d'HAP dans les gaz émis (en grammes par mètre cube normalisé de gaz à sec) [...]  1, fiche 3, Français, - m%C3%A8tre%20cube%20normalis%C3%A9%20%C3%A0%20sec

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[...] mg/dscm (milligrammes par mètre cube standard à sec) [...]  2, fiche 3, Français, - m%C3%A8tre%20cube%20normalis%C3%A9%20%C3%A0%20sec

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Fiche 4,  Justifications,  Anglais

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The Vapor Diffusion Apparatus(VDA-2) uses the "hanging drop" method often used on Earth to crystallize proteins. The method is quite simple. Proteins are mixed into a solution that makes them grow-the precipitant solution-and squeezed onto the tip of a syringe. While exposed to the air part of the liquid evaporates, the concentration rises, and crystals form.  3, fiche 4, Anglais, - hanging%20drop

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La plupart des expériences de cristallisation de protéines au sol sont réalisées à l'aide de la méthode de cristallisation en goutte suspendue et de grandes matrices. Cette méthode est difficile à reproduire dans une installation spatiale et, vu les restrictions sur le plan de la masse et du volume, la plupart des expériences spatiales ont donc recours à de plus petites matrices que celles normalement utilisées sur Terre.  3, fiche 4, Français, - goutte%20suspendue

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A mercury vapour analyzer which is used to measure the mercury level in the air.  2, fiche 5, Anglais, - mercury%20detector

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Health & Safety has a Jerome mercury detector that will be used to check the mercury vapor concentration.... Compact high intensity mercury(HIM) tubes may release significant amounts of mercury vapors if they break while being used inside electronic equipment. If a HIM tubes breaks while in use, evacuate the laboratory and contact Health & Safety to monitor mercury vapor concentration inside the room with the Jerome mercury detector.  3, fiche 5, Anglais, - mercury%20detector

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Détecteur au mercure, fabriqué en plastique, pour la protection des grandes fenêtres [...].  2, fiche 5, Français, - d%C3%A9tecteur%20au%20mercure

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Détecteur d'inclinaisons contenant des détecteurs au mercure avec émetteur radio codée. [Serrure] conçue pour la protection de tableaux ou autres propriétés de valeur amovibles.  3, fiche 5, Français, - d%C3%A9tecteur%20au%20mercure

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The composition of the atmosphere near sea level, except for water content, is given in Table 12. 1. The water content of the atmosphere varies seasonally, daily, and hourly at any location and varies with altitude, as well. Over the tropics the concentration of water vapor relative to air is about 0. 04 by mass.  1, fiche 6, Anglais, - water%20content%20of%20the%20atmosphere

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The term "water" refers usually, in meteorology, to "water vapor".  2, fiche 6, Anglais, - water%20content%20of%20the%20atmosphere

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Quantité d'eau à l'état liquide, solide ou gazeux (vapeur) qui est présente dans l'atmosphère.  3, fiche 6, Français, - teneur%20en%20eau%20de%20l%27atmosph%C3%A8re

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L'eau est habituellement à l'état de vapeur dans l'atmosphère et on emploie couramment le terme «eau» au sens de «vapeur d'eau» même s'il peut y avoir une différence entre ces deux termes.  3, fiche 6, Français, - teneur%20en%20eau%20de%20l%27atmosph%C3%A8re

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As a means of exciting noble gases at atmospheric pressures, Lovelock developed a spark device of high sensitivity, capable of detecting as little as 10^{minus 13} mole of most organic materials. The detector consisted of a spark gap made of platinum wire sealed in a glass tube. The voltage across the 5-10 mm spark gap is measured with an electrostatic voltmeter. With pure argon subjected to an applied voltage of 2000 V to create sparks, the breakdown potential measured was logarithmically related to the concentration of vapor added to the argon.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - gas%20discharge%20detector

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Karmen and Bowman developed a dc discharge detector based on a low-current electric discharge in argon or helium in the presence of a high-intensity electrostatic field ... Sternberg and Poilson developed a Tesla discharge detector ... Evrard, Thevelin, and Joossens described a nonradioactive, self-sustained discharge detector for the detection of permanent gases.  2, fiche 7, Anglais, - gas%20discharge%20detector

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Fiche 8,  Justifications,  Anglais

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A fixed extinguishing system which generates a foam agent for total flooding of confined spaces, and for volumetric displacement of vapor, heat and smoke. Acts on the fire by : a. Preventing free movement of air [;] b. Reducing the oxygen concentration at the fire [;] c. Cooling.  1, fiche 8, Anglais, - high%20expansion%20foam%20system

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High expansion foam: Equipment and liquid foam concentrates variously designed to provide foams at expansion rates of 100 to 1 up to 1,000 to 1. Such foams have a rapid build-up and are used for flooding fire areas as well as for blanketing flammable liquids fires.  3, fiche 8, Anglais, - high%20expansion%20foam%20system

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Système d'extinction à mousse : Système fixe d'extinction dont l'agent extincteur est de la mousse.  2, fiche 8, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20d%27extinction%20%C3%A0%20mousse%20%C3%A0%20haut%20foisonnement

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La mousse à haut foisonnement est constituée de bulles de 1 cm de diamètre environ. Ces bulles sont produites mécaniquement par un courant d'air traversant un tamis métallique ou non, à mailles régulières, imprégnées d'un mélange d'eau et d'émulsifiant. Chaque maille du tamis encadre une pellicule de mélange émulsifiant qui sous l'effet du courant d'air se développe en bulles. On peut ainsi obtenir des foisonnements de l'ordre de 500 et même 800 c'est-à-dire qu'avec 1 volume d'eau on fait 500 à 800 volumes de mousse pour une concentration en émulseur de 1,5 à 2,2 % environ.  3, fiche 8, Français, - syst%C3%A8me%20d%27extinction%20%C3%A0%20mousse%20%C3%A0%20haut%20foisonnement

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Dynamic adsorption. The most common mode of adsorptive separation process employs a fixed bed, cyclic operation. As the wet process stream enters the fresh molecular-sieve bed, the water vapor is adsorbed in a finite length of bed called a mass-transfer zone(MTZ), the bed length through which the concentration of the adsorbate is reduced from essentially inlet to outlet conditions. As wet gas continues to flow, the bed may be divided into three distinct zones; the dynamic equilibrium zone with inlet gas, the MTZ, and the remaining active zone. In most molecular-adsorption systems, the MTZ becomes stabilized because of its favorable isotherm and moves at a constant speed. The bed is exhausted when the leading edge of the MTZ reaches the outlet end of the bed. High effective capacity results from high dynamic equilibrium capacity and a short MTZ.  1, fiche 9, Anglais, - dynamic%20adsorption

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L'adsorption d'un mélange gazeux peut être menée de deux façons différentes: en régime statique ou en régime dynamique. [...] Dans l'adsorption dynamique, on force le mélange gazeux à traverser un lit d'adsorbant.  1, fiche 9, Français, - adsorption%20dynamique

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Most boilers are of the "water tube" type, where water circulates within the tubes and heat transfer occurs from the hot combustion gases on the outside of the tubes to water on the inside.... The water is initially heated in the tubes nearest to the combustion flame; it then rises to the "steam drum" where vapor is separated from liquid. The liquid travels down connecting tubes to a lower drum, usually called the "mud drum". Here, the sludge formed from the concentration of mineral impurities is removed by manual or automatic "blowdown". The steam drum is larger in diameter than the mud drum to provide space for the separation of steam and water.  1, fiche 10, Anglais, - mud%20drum

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La plupart des chaudières sont du type à «écran d'eau» : l'eau circule dans les tubes, et le transfert de chaleur se produit entre les gaz chauds et la paroi extérieure des tubes remplis d'eau. Il existe des modèles à circulation naturelle et des modèles à circulation forcée. L'eau est initialement chauffée dans les tubes les plus proches de la flamme; elle monte vers le «ballon de vapeur» où se séparent l'eau et la vapeur. Le liquide redescend dans les tubes jusqu'à un collecteur inférieur, qu'on appelle souvent «réservoir à boues». La boue formée par l'accumulation des impuretés minérales est éliminée par voie de purge manuelle ou automatique. Le ballon de vapeur est plus gros que le réservoir à boues, pour assurer le plus de place possible à la séparation de l'eau et de la vapeur.  1, fiche 10, Français, - r%C3%A9servoir%20%C3%A0%20boues

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Fiche 11,  Justifications,  Anglais

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the process by which the desired concentration of electrons or holes in each region(of the photovoltaic cell) is accomplished, by vapor diffusion of impurities, such as boron and arsenic, into the initially pure silicon crystal  1, fiche 11, Anglais, - controlled%20doping

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de silicum initialement pur; ce processus est connu sous le nom de dopage contrôlé telles que le bore et l'arsenic dans le quart  1, fiche 11, Français, - dopage%20contr%C3%B4l%C3%A9

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